福建沿海地区可食性海洋贝、藻类体中HCH、DDT的分布特征

本文以缢蛏、牡蛎、菲律宾蛤仔、坛紫菜和海带等5种可食性海洋贝类和藻类为对象,研究了采自于2007年元月福建沿海宁德、福州、莆田、泉州、厦门、漳州等地区样品中HCH、DDT的环境分布特征。不同品种的海洋贝类和藻类中HCH和DDT的含量水平较低;个别地区仍存在HCH和DDT新污染源;不同地区和品种之间HCH和DDT含量的差异不大,呈现典型的非点源污染特征。     

水生藻类的环境指示作用

为了方便有效地监测水环境中有氮磷污染物、重金属、农药及其他有机污染物等,笔者研究了水生藻类对水体环境中相应污染物的敏感性和耐受性,以及污染物对水域生态系统中藻类种群结构所造成的影响,分析了污染物对水生藻类的毒理和富集等,获得了大量数据。结果表明,水生藻类对一些水环境污染物具有较好的指示作用,该方法便于直观快速地调查分析相应水体的污染情况。     

贵州红枫湖水库富营养化和蓝藻水华分析

[目的]分析红枫湖水库的富营养化和蓝藻水华问题。[方法]通过室内外调查研究,并结合相关文献资料,对红枫湖水质、水生生态系统、底泥污染特征以及蓝藻水华发生规律进行全面分析。[结果]红枫湖全湖处于中富营养到重富营养状态,水质为Ⅴ～劣Ⅴ类;湖泊底质蓄积了大量的营养盐,是水库富营养化的重大污染源;水生生态系统退化,易形成蓝藻水华。[结论]红枫湖的污染治理迫在眉睫。     

鲢鳙鱼和藻类治理关系的初步研究

2008年7月至9月在蠡湖设置宝界桥和石塘桥两个实验点进行鲢鳙鱼和藻类治理关系的初步研究,采用常规生物学方法,测定了鲢鳙鱼的体长、体重、消化腺指数、肠长指数、食物充塞度、肥胖度系数、饱满度等参数。实验表明微囊藻和颤藻在鲢鳙鱼体内得不到完全消化,但可以破坏藻类的存在形式,一定程度上也说明鲢鳙鱼对于微囊藻和颤藻的治理有一定的作用。     

卡特兰水培技术研究

为研究名贵兰花的水培技术,促进水培兰花的生产与消费,以兰科卡特兰为试材,从卡特兰水生根系诱导,营养液培养,筛选出水培卡特兰诱导根系的最适宜的NAA浓度和营养液配方,在培养的过程中,防治根腐烂和水藻的生成。结果表明,低浓度NAA（5mg/L）对诱导水生根系具有促进作用;KC营养液是水培卡特兰较好的营养液;加强根部通气有利于防止卡特兰根系的腐烂,在培养过程中添加2～3滴含氯霉素的滴眼液有助于防止藻类的生长。     

三亚红沙港环境特征及赤潮生物调查

2006年和2007年对三亚红沙港的自然环境概况、污染物来源和养殖状况及赤潮生物进行调查分析,为热带港湾赤潮可持续防控研究提供依据.结果表明:三亚红沙港是一个典型的热带半封闭型港湾;沿岸地表径流很少;污染物来源有养殖污染、生活污染和船舶污染,网箱养殖污染和沿岸池塘养殖污染是红沙港海域污染的主要来源;该海域赤潮生物种类非常丰富,共38种,主要种类为硅藻和甲藻,硅藻占68%,甲藻占26%;浮游植物主要优势种为骨条藻(Skeletonema sp.)和角毛藻(Chaetoceros sp.).该海域丰富的赤潮生物种类构成了该海域赤潮发生的潜在因素.     

Dereplication and Chemotaxonomical Studies of Marine Algae of the Ochrophyta and Rhodophyta Phyla

Dereplication and chemotaxonomic studies of six marine algae of the Ochrophyta and one of the Rhodophyta phyla resulted in the detection of 22 separate compounds. All 16 secondary metabolites, including four new compounds (16–19), could be rapidly dereplicated using HPLC-NMR and HPLC-MS methodologies in conjunction with the MarinLit database. This study highlights the advantages of using NMR data (acquired via HPLC-NMR) for database searching and for the overall dereplication of natural products.     

Entry Inhibition of Influenza Viruses with High Mannose Binding Lectin ESA-2 from the Red Alga Eucheuma serra through the Recognition of Viral Hemagglutinin

Lectin sensitivity of the recent pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1-2009) was screened for 12 lectins with various carbohydrate specificity by a neutral red dye uptake assay with MDCK cells. Among them, a high mannose (HM)-binding anti-HIV lectin, ESA-2 from the red alga Eucheuma serra, showed the highest inhibition against infection with an EC₅₀ of 12.4 nM. Moreover, ESA-2 exhibited a wide range of antiviral spectrum against various influenza strains with EC₅₀s of pico molar to low nanomolar levels. Besides ESA-2, HM-binding plant lectin ConA, fucose-binding lectins such as fungal AOL from Aspergillus oryzae and AAL from Aleuria aurantia were active against H1N1-2009, but the potency of inhibition was of less magnitude compared with ESA-2. Direct interaction between ESA-2 and a viral envelope glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA), was demonstrated by ELISA assay. This interaction was effectively suppressed by glycoproteins bearing HM-glycans, indicating that ESA-2 binds to the HA of influenza virus through HM-glycans. Upon treatment with ESA-2, no viral antigens were detected in the host cells, indicating that ESA-2 inhibited the initial steps of virus entry into the cells. ESA-2 would thus be useful as a novel microbicide to prevent penetration of viruses such as HIV and influenza viruses to the host cells.     

Antitumor and Antimicrobial Potential of Bromoditerpenes Isolated from the Red Alga,Sphaerococcus coronopifolius

Cancer and infectious diseases continue to be a major public health problem, and new drugs are necessary. As marine organisms are well known to provide a wide range of original compounds, the aim of this study was to investigate the bioactivity of the main constituents of the cosmopolitan red alga, Sphaerococcus coronopifolius. The structure of several bromoditerpenes was determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. Five molecules were isolated and characterized which include a new brominated diterpene belonging to the rare dactylomelane family and named sphaerodactylomelol (1), along with four already known sphaerane bromoditerpenes (2–5). Antitumor activity was assessed by cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative assays on an in vitro model of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2 cells). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against four pathogenic microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Compound 4 exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (IC₅₀ 6.35 µM) and compound 5 the highest anti-proliferative activity on HepG-2 cells (IC₅₀ 42.9 µM). The new diterpene, sphaerodactylomelol (1), induced inhibition of cell proliferation (IC₅₀ 280 µM) and cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ 720 µM) on HepG-2 cells and showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (IC₅₀ 96.3 µM).     

Assessment of the Antimicrobial Activity of Algae Extracts on Bacteria Responsible of External Otitis

External otitis is a diffuse inflammation around the external auditory canal and auricle, which is often occurred by microbial infection. This disease is generally treated using antibiotics, but the frequent occurrence of antibiotic resistance requires the development of new antibiotic agents. In this context, unexplored bioactive natural candidates could be a chance for the production of targeted drugs provided with antimicrobial activity. In this paper, microbial pathogens were isolated from patients with external otitis using ear swabs for over one year, and the antimicrobial activity of the two methanol extracts from selected marine (Dunaliella salina) and freshwater (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) microalgae was tested on the isolated pathogens. Totally, 114 bacterial and 11 fungal strains were isolated, of which Staphylococcus spp. (28.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (24.8%) were the major pathogens. Only three Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains and 11 coagulase-negative Staphylococci showed resistance to methicillin. The two algal extracts showed interesting antimicrobial properties, which mostly inhibited the growth of isolated S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp. with MICs range of 1.4 × 10⁹ to 2.2 × 10¹⁰ cells/mL. These results suggest that the two algae have potential as resources for the development of antimicrobial agents.