家榆种子人工老化过程中的细胞形态学特征

以家榆种子为材料,在37℃、100%相对湿度下进行人工老化。应用电子显微镜、光学显微镜观察、细胞原位末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶标记(TUNEL)法检测家榆种子在人工老化条件下细胞发生凋亡的形态学特征。结果显示:老化第1天根冠少数几个细胞开始出现细胞凋亡;随着老化深入,生长点、子叶等多个部位开始有凋亡细胞出现;老化至第6天,部分凋亡细胞崩解,细胞质高度浓缩,剩余组织细胞膜的保护能力下降,出现真菌感染;同时,用外源Ca2+作为诱导剂对家榆种子进行处理,TUNEL法检测结果显示并未出现细胞凋亡。     

不同培养体系对绵羊体外受精胚胎发育及细胞凋亡的影响

[目的]通过SOFaaBSA和CR1 aaBSA - FBS两种培养液对体外胚胎发育率及胚胎凋亡发生的影响,筛选适合绵羊体外受精胚胎发育的培养体系,为相关研究提供一定的理论依据和研究基础.[方法]采用激光共聚焦显微镜和细胞原位凋亡检测技术(TUNEL),分析这两种胚胎体外培养系统的绵羊体外受精胚胎发育的影响及各发育阶段的细胞凋亡状况及对胚胎发育的影响.[结果]SOFaaBSA和CR1aaBSA- FBS组的卵裂率、囊胚率和囊胚孵化率均高与其它实验组,但这两组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).同时,在两种培养液培养的2细胞、3-8细胞期的绵羊体外受精正常形态的胚胎中均未发现凋亡信号,凋亡信号在两种培养液中都是首次出现在9- 16细胞胚胎细胞中,并且随着胚胎发育至囊胚期,凋亡细胞效随着胚龄增长越来越多.在SOFaaBSA培养液培养的桑椹胚和囊胚细胞胚胎凋亡率显著低于CR1aaBSA - FBS培养液培养的桑椹胚和囊胚(P＜0.05),同时,在CR1aaBSA- FBS培养液中桑椹胚和囊胚细胞平均具有凋亡细胞的数量显著高于SOFaaBSA培养液(P＜0.05).[结论]CR1aaBSA- FBS培养系统显著的增加了绵羊晚期体外胚胎的凋亡.CR1 aaBSA - FBS能够支持绵羊体外受精胚胎的发育,但SOFaaBSA培养液更适合绵羊体外胚胎的发育.     

Retinoic acid induces apoptosis in activated canine neutrophils

Activated neutrophils live longer, produce toxic metabolites and cause considerable tissue injury, which is central to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory conditions. Retinoids are a class of lipophilic compounds with anti-inflammatory effects. We examined the effect of retinoic acid on apoptosis in normal and activated neutrophils. Our results showed that treatment with 1 μg/ml Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 12 and 36 h delayed the spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis compared to untreated cells. But exposure of LPS-treated cells to retinoic acid (1 and 5 μM) abolished the inhibitory effects of LPS on neutrophil apoptosis in a concentration-dependant manner based on annexin V staining, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, light and electron microscopy. These results show that retinoic acid increases apoptosis in activated canine neutrophils and this effect could enhance the resolution of inflammation in vivo.     

DNA Fragmentation as an Early Indicator of Extender Efficacy: A Preliminary Study

Evaluation of new potential semen extenders is a field of economic and scientific importance, but assessing motility alone may not be sufficient. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of oxidative damage by short-term exposure to H₂O₂ on stallion sperm motility and DNA fragmentation and to correlate motility to the percentage of DNA damage as assessed by both terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and single-cell gel electrophoresis assays. Motility and DNA fragmentation were determined immediately before cooling (0 hour) and at 24 hours postcooling. The addition of H₂O₂ (300 μM) to the extender had no effect on either total or progressive motility (P > .05). DNA fragmentation as determined by both Comet and TUNEL assays did not differ between 0 hour and those cells stored for 24 hours in the absence of H₂O₂ (P > .05). However, the addition of H₂O₂ to the extender plus incubation for 24 hours resulted in greater total Comet length, tail length, and tail moment as well as an increase in percentage of sperm cells with DNA damage detected by TUNEL compared to 0 hour (P < .05). Motility was not correlated with DNA damaged cells detected by TUNEL or Comet assays (P > .05). In conclusion, although both the Comet assay and TUNEL detected significant DNA fragmentation in cells exposed to H₂O_2, there was not a significant or appreciable effect of H₂O₂ on motility. Therefore, motility alone is likely not the best laboratory assay with which to assess cooled extender efficacy.     

水牛有腔卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡的生物形态学特征

为了解水牛有腔卵泡闭锁的起因和有腔卵泡中是否存在卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡，本研究选择青春期前水牛和成年（发情间期和发情期）水牛的卵巢，采用石蜡组织切片、HE染色技术进行光镜观察，并采用DNA原位末端标记（TUNEL）技术和透射电镜观察研究了卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡的特征。结果表明：青春期前水牛的健康有腔卵泡上无或仅有极个别凋亡的卵泡颗粒细胞（GCs），而闭锁有腔卵泡上存在有多量凋亡的GCs，凋亡的形式：GCs层内出现单个或多个凋亡细胞，卵泡腔内出现凋亡小体群。在成年水牛发情间期的闭锁大卵泡上，GCs层弯曲皱折，存在多量凋亡的GCs。发情期水牛成熟卵泡的GCs层也存在GCs凋亡，排卵前的GCs层细胞全部脱落到卵泡腔内。本研究首次在同一组织切片上先后分别应用HE染色和TUNEL检查细胞凋亡，且证实了水牛有腔卵泡GCs凋亡的存在。超微结构显示了GCs凋亡的核边集化、核浓缩及凋亡小体的形态。上述结果提示：在水牛闭锁有腔卵泡中存在着GCs凋亡，GCs凋亡是启动水牛有腔卵泡闭锁的潜在机理。     

TUNEL法检测类猪圆环病毒2型因子P1诱导猪免疫器官细胞凋亡的研究

研究类猪圆环病毒2型因子P1体内诱导的细胞凋亡作用。将P1分子克隆接种普通仔猪,用原位末端标记技术(TUNEL)检测猪的扁桃体、脾脏、腹股沟淋巴结等免疫器官细胞的凋亡情况。猪感染P1后21和35 d的扁桃体、脾脏和腹股沟淋巴结等免疫器官细胞出现了凋亡。P1可能引起猪的免疫抑制。     

The shell gland in laying and natural moulting commercial egg-type chickens: A histomorphological and ultrastructural study

The purpose of the present study was to determine the histological and ultrastructural changes in the luminal epithelium of the shell gland associated with natural moulting. Samples of the shell gland from laying (32 weeks old) and moulting (75 weeks old) hens were studied using histological, histochemical and electron microscopic techniques. In addition, TUNEL was used to demonstrate the distribution of apoptotic cells in the luminal epithelium of the shell gland. Autophagy, characterized by the presence of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, was evident in the early stages of degeneration in non-ciliated, ciliated and mitochondrial cells. The intermediate and advanced stages of regression in non-ciliated as well as mitochondrial cells occurred via apoptosis, while both apoptotic and necrotic ciliated cells were observed during the later stages of degeneration. The results of the present study suggest that a synergy of autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis is involved in the involution of the shell gland during natural moulting.     

原位末端标记法检测喹乙醇诱导的鲤鱼肝细胞凋亡

方法:采用200 mg/kg饲料的喹乙醇拌料连续饲喂实验鱼,分别于染毒后的第7、14、20、25和30 d剖杀4尾鱼取肝脏用TdT介导的原位末端标记法检测其细胞凋亡。结果:在组织切片中观察到了含棕色或棕黑色颗粒的凋亡细胞。结论:喹乙醇可诱导鲤鱼肝脏细胞凋亡。且检出率随时间的延长而升高,对照组在整个实验过程中保持一个相对恒定很低的检出率。     

白粉菌诱导的小麦叶片程序性细胞死亡

选用对小麦白粉病菌抗、感不同的3个小麦材料,接种白粉菌小种E 09。接菌后分别用DAP I(4-′6-d iam id ino-2-pheny lindole)染色、末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶介导的dUTP切口末端标记(TUNEL)以及琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。其中感病材料百农3217和有明显过敏反应特征的抗病材料Pm 2/百农32177F 5接菌7 d时呈现明显的细胞程序性死亡(PCD),而抗病材料Pm 21/百农32177F5则未见PCD发生,说明小麦白粉菌互作过程中产生的过敏反应(HR)属于PCD的范畴,同时还说明小麦白粉菌互作体系中抗病反应与HR是相互独立的。但是亲和互作中产生的PCD和HR中的PCD产生的机理是否相同尚需进一步研究。     

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae-derived lipid-associated membrane proteins induce apoptosis in porcine alveolar macrophage via increasing nitric oxide production,oxidative stress,and caspase-3 activation

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the primary etiological agent of enzootic pneumonia in swine. Lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMP) of mycoplasma are the main pathogenicity factors in mycoplasma diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of M. hyopneumoniae LAMP on porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) 3D4/21 cell line. Apoptotic features, such as chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies, were observed in LAMP-treated PAM 3D4/21 cells. Moreover, LAMP significantly increased the number of TUNEL positive apoptotic cells in PAM 3D4/21 cells compared with the untreated control. In addition, flow cytometric analysis using dual staining with annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) showed that LAMP of M. hyopneumoniae induced a time-dependent apoptosis in PAM 3D4/21 cells. Moreover, increased levels of superoxide anion production and activated caspase-3 in PAM 3D4/21 cells were observed after exposure to LAMP. Increased production of nitric oxide (NO) was also confirmed in the cell supernatants. Besides, apoptotic rates increase and caspase-3 activation were suppressed by NOS inhibitor or antioxidant. It is suggested that LAMP of M. hyopneumoniae induced apoptosis in porcine alveolar macrophage via NO production, superoxide anion production, and caspase-3 activation.