中国荞麦优势区域布局与发展研究

荞麦是重要的粮食作物和药用植物资源，也中国传统的出口农产品。通过分析中国荞麦生产现状、优势与分布特点，按照荞麦优势区域布局规划原则和指导思想，进行荞麦优势区域布局研究，坚持以市场为导向，以提高荞麦国际市场竞争力为核心，以科技创新与推广为动力，通过品种改良、结构优化、改善品质，强化市场营销，构建具有中国特色的荞麦产业发展体系。提出通过建立荞麦出口生产基地，增加科技投入，培育龙头企业等措施促进中国荞麦产业发展。研究结果对发展中西部特色农业和主产区农民致富具有重要意义。     

陕西荞麦产业动态变化及发展路径探析

陕西省是我国甜荞的重要种植区域,也是红花甜荞的主产区。十三五期间,陕西荞麦产业快速稳定发展,得益于荞麦产品加工对荞麦一产的需求和荞麦产业的市场服务对荞麦产业发展的有效支撑;但陕西荞麦加工产业开发深度不够,多局限于大众化传统食品加工,在高附加值荞麦产品方面空白缺位;在荞麦观赏旅游文化方面虽有涉入但融合力度不足,荞麦三产融合路径需要拓展。因此,抢抓机遇,因地制宜、创新发展、打造品牌、文旅结合将成为陕西荞麦三产融合的主要发展方向。     

气相色谱质谱法分析荞麦蜂花粉中脂肪酸成分

[目的]分析测定荞麦蜂花粉中的脂肪酸成分。[方法]分别采用索氏抽提法和酸水解法提取荞麦蜂花粉脂肪酸,再经过甲酯化处理后,通过气相色谱/质谱联用技术分析脂肪酸的组成。[结果]两种提取方法的脂肪酸收率分别为8.26%和8.81%,共检出11种脂肪酸成分,含量最高的是5,11,14,17-二十碳四烯酸,两种提取方法得到的结果分别为29.45%和38.15%,其余主要成分为棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸和二十碳三烯酸。[结论]荞麦蜂花粉中富含ω-3家族的二十碳多不饱和脂肪酸,明显不同于文献报道的荞麦种子油脂肪酸成分,其是否与荞麦蜂花粉所具有的生理活性功能相关,值得深入研究。     

荞麦新品种吉荞9号选育报告

荞麦新品种吉荞9号，是经系谱法选育而成。吉荞9号具有优质、高产、抗逆性强、适应性广等优点。3年区域试验结果比对照品种增产28．44％，2年生产试验结果比对照品种增产26.58％。该品种1995年通过吉林省品种审定委员会审定。     

播期与品种对荞麦生长发育及产量的影响

[目的]研究播期与品种对荞麦生长发育及产量的影响.[方法]研究3种播期水平,4种品种下荞麦生长和产量的变化.[结果]随着播期的延迟,荞麦生育时期延迟,单株鲜重呈下降趋势,成熟期单株(根、茎、叶)干物质重量、株高、主茎节数、主茎分枝、单株粒数、单株粒重、千粒重亦呈下降趋势.B1与B2之间产量差异不显著,B4与B3相比增产极显著.[结论]该研究为荞麦高产栽培品种选择及适期播种提供了科学依据.     

康卫氏皿扩散法测定荞麦粉的水分活度

[目的]测定不同粒度荞麦粉的水分活度,为荞麦粉这种食品原料的储存和加工提供基础数据。[方法]运用康卫氏皿扩散法测定荞麦粉的水分活度。[结果]用氯化镁、碳酸钾、氯化钠、氯化钾4种盐的饱和溶液构成的四元体系,试验数据标准偏差较小,精密度高。荞麦粉的水分活度会随着粒度的变小逐渐增大,但增大幅度较小。[结论]在25℃,经过2 h的水分交换平衡,测定出粒度为80、100、120目的荞麦粉的水分活度分别为0.585、0.599和0.608。     

大同市高寒冷凉区荞麦栽培技术

荞麦原产于中国北方地区。因其含丰富营养和特殊的健康成分颇受推崇,被誉为健康主食品。大同市常年种植面积3000hm2。种植历史悠久,文章从品种选择、选地、整地、播种、田间管理、防治病虫鼠害和适时收获等方面论述了大同市荞麦高产栽培技术。     

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Planting Density on the Lignin Synthesis in the Culm in Relation to Lodging Resistance of Buckwheat

Abstract

Lodging is an important constraint limiting buckwheat yield and quality by bending or breaking culm on buckwheat production worldwide. This study was conducted with Ningqiao 01, a moderate lodging resistance cultivar of buckwheat, to determine whether lignin synthesis and lodging resistance of buckwheat are affected by nitrogen fertilizer and planting density. The results showed that the lignin content at the bottom of the 2nd internode was significantly and negatively correlated with lodging index and lodging percentage, but significantly and positively correlated with snapping resistance. The snapping resistance rose and then fell with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer. The snapping resistance decreased with the increase of planting density. The lodging index increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density. The lignin content and its related enzymes activities decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density. These results suggested that the lignin content is closely related to the lodging resistance of buckwheat, and a higher lignin content could strengthen the lodging resistance of buckwheat. The increase of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density significantly increased the risk of lodging by decreasing the lignin content and its related enzymes activities at the bottom of the 2nd internode.     

Association of Grain Shedding Habit with Polyploidy in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) Strains

Abstract

Sixty tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) strains were investigated for grain shedding habit, plant height, grain yield, dry weight of plant, weight of grain, days to flowering after sowing and DNA content of nuclei. The grain shedding habit was evaluated from the breaking strength of pedicel and the percentage of the grains dropped by threshing. DNA content of nuclei was detected by flow cytometry to classify the polyploidy level. The fluorescence intensity of the flow cytometry demonstrated no difference between common buckwheat (F. esculentum) and tartary buckwheat, but a clear difference was detected between the diploid and the autotetraploid strains. The survey of DNA content of the 60 tartary buckwheat strains revealed that most of the strains were diploids, but one strain was autotetraploid. The autotetraploid strain exhibited less grain shedding, and produced the largest grains among the strains tested. However, the other characters of the autotetraploid strain, such as plant height, grain yield, dry weight of a plant, and days to flowering, were similar to the mode of the traits of the diploid strains.     

Variation in Seed Shape and Husk Color in Japanese Native Cultivars of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

Abstract

The variation in seed shape and husk color was investigated in 56 Japanese native cultivars of common buckwheat. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the cultivars in seed shape characteristics and husk colors. The 1000-seed weight (1000-SW) ranged widely, from 20.4 to 39.0 g, among the cultivars. The cultivars collected from the Kanto region of the mainland had a large length and width of seed and heavy 1000-SW. On the other hand, the cultivars from the Chugoku and Shikoku regions of Japan had a small length and width of seed. The length and width of seeds showed a high positive correlation. The cultivars with a high 1000-SW showed a slight difference between length and width of seed and were typically the triangular type in seed shape. The length/width ratio (L/W) depended on the width rather than the length of seed, though both were negatively correlated with the L/W. Highly positive correlations were found among the L*, a* and b* husk color value. The L* showed a highly positive correlation with growth duration, and the husk color of the cultivars became more deep black as growth duration decreased. The husk color of the cultivars from the Kyushu region (long growth duration) was grayish brown, but that of the cultivars from Nagano Pref. (the shortest growth duration) was characterized as typically deep black. The cultivars collected at lower latitude regions tended to have a lighter color of husk than those from higher latitude regions. The cultivars from the Tohoku region showed a smaller variation for seed size characteristics and 1000-SW, and the cultivars from the Kyushu region showed a smaller variation for husk color.