Development of IP and SCAR markers linked to the yellow seed color gene in Brassica juncea L.

Previous studies showed that the yellow seed color gene of a yellow mustard was located on the A09 chromosome. In this study, the sequences of the molecular markers linked to the yellow seed color gene were analyzed, the gene was primarily mapped to an interval of 23.304 to 29.402M. Twenty genes and eight markers’ sequences in this region were selected to design the IP and SCAR primers. These primers were used to screen a BC₈S₁ population consisting of 1256 individuals. As a result, five IP and five SCAR markers were successfully developed. IP4 and Y1 were located on either side of the yellow seed color gene at a distance of 0.1 and 0.3 cM, respectively. IP1, IP2 and IP3 derived from Bra036827, Bra036828, Bra036829 separately, co-segregated with the target gene. BLAST analysis indicated that the sequences of newly developed markers showed good collinearity with those of the A09 chromosome, and that the target gene might exist between 27.079 and 27.616M. In light of annotations of the genes in this region, only Bra036828 is associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. This gene has high similarity with the TRANSPARENT TESTA6 gene, Bra036828 was hence identified as being the gene possibly responsible for yellow seed color, in our research.     

治疗仔猪黄白痢中兽药临床处方筛选

为了筛选出治疗仔猪黄白痢的最佳中药处方，确定其合理用药剂量和适用范围，试验将478头确诊为黄白痢的哺乳仔猪随机分为6组，分别用3种预选处方（处方一、处方二和处方三）、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星与诺氟沙星联合用药进行治疗，比较预选处方与对照药物对仔猪黄白痢的治疗效果，筛选最佳的中药处方；并对每种中药处方按照低、中、高3种剂量进行用药，确定预选处方的合理用药剂量；按照发病特点进行用药。探讨预选处方对不同病症的适用性。结果表明：预选处方对仔猪黄白痢的治疗效果优于对照药物，且复发率显著低于后者；3种中药处方中，处方一的疗效最好，治愈率为82．9％，总有效率可迭84．7％，显著高于其他处方；处方一中剂量组的疗效最好，治愈率为88．9％，总有效率可达91．1％，显著高于其他剂量组，而且治愈后无复发现象。     

丘陵红黄壤区施用399对“一种两收”再生稻根系和产量的影响

[目的]研究399对"一种两收"再生稻的影响。[方法]以适宜丘陵红黄壤种植的丰两优香1号、准两优527、宜优673再生稻品种为材料,分别设置喷施399和不喷施399(CK)2种处理,研究各处理对再生稻根系和产量的影响。[结果]结果表明:施用399使水稻在生育期上延缓成熟,且施后再生稻的总根系数量、白根数量、根鲜重、根干重、根体积大幅度增加,同时在两季总产量上准两优527、丰两优香1号和宜优673品种分别比对照增产6.39%、4.86%、5.94%。[结论]施用399有利于准两优527、丰两优香1号和宜优673再生稻品种再生根的发生。     

外源添加剂对黄贮小麦秸秆产甲烷潜力及微生物群落的影响

为探讨添加不同外源添加剂对黄贮小麦秸秆产甲烷潜力和微生物群落结构的影响,该研究以小麦秸秆为黄贮原料,添加乙酸(3‰ACE组)和异型发酵乳酸菌复合系(3‰MI1组,6‰MI2组),调整含水率至50%,黄贮65 d后,以黄贮小麦秸秆为厌氧发酵原料,探究发酵过程中的指标性质和微生物群落结构。研究发现黄贮预处理后,发酵系统中的初始挥发性有机酸中的乳酸和乙酸增加、甲烷含量增加、可溶性化学需氧量(sCOD)增加。添加了外源添加剂的ACE组、MI1组、MI2组的累积甲烷产量较干黄小麦秸秆(WS组)提高了4.7%～10.6%,而未添加添加剂的CK组的累积甲烷产量较WS组降低了9%。发酵系统中的主要优势细菌为Bacteroidetes、Firmicutes和Proteobacteria,优势古菌为甲烷鬃菌属Methanosaeta,黄贮预处理改变了发酵系统微生物的群落结构,促进了小麦秸秆的甲烷转化,为木质纤维素的沼气转化提供参考。     

甜瓜黄斑病毒在海南黄瓜上的发生分布及序列分析

 应用特异性引物MYSV-L-F和MYSV-L-R对海南5个市县采集的150份疑似感染病毒病的黄瓜样品进行RT-PCR检测,在三亚、乐东和东方等3个市县的18份样品中检测到甜瓜黄斑病毒(Melon yellow spot virus, MYSV)。选取采自三亚的分离物C29(MYSV-Hainan)进行MYSV全基因组克隆及序列分析,结果表明:该分离物的L RNA、M RNA和S RNA基因组全长分别为8 918 nt、4 815 nt和3 257 nt,与已知MYSV分离物的核苷酸相似性分别为97.4%~97.7%、96.2%~97.9%和94.8%~99.8%,系统进化关系分析与相似性分析一致,序列相似值越高,系统进化关系越近。     

黄河三角洲台田间渗水池塘的水质变动规律分析

以黄河三角洲地区台田间渗水池塘为研究对象,分析了渗水池塘的水质因子变动规律。结果表明:不同池塘间水质因子差异较大,但均表现出水体盐度较高、氮磷等营养物质含量较低、K+离子含量相对较低、Ca2+离子和Na+离子含量相对较高及K+/Na+显著低于正常海水等特点。结果说明,黄河三角洲地区台田间渗水池塘的水质条件不适合直接进行水产养殖,应对水质调整后才可做养殖之用。     

Black soldier fly and yellow mealworm live larvae for broiler chickens: Effects on bird performance and health status

The commercial broiler chicken strains are the result of successful selection programmes. Most of the problems related to welfare arise from the high growth rate and body weight. The use of environmental enrichments in intensive farming could have a positive effect on birds by increasing animal welfare. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) live larvae in the diets of broiler chickens on growth performance, carcass yield and health status. A total of 180 four-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to 18 pens. Each pen was assigned to one of the three dietary treatments (6 replicates/treatment, 10 birds/replicate) as follows: (i) control diet (C): commercial feed (two feeding phases: starter [4–11 days] and grower [12–38 days]), (ii) HI: C + 5% of the expected daily feed intake (DFI) HI live larvae (calculated on dry matter [DM]) and (iii) TM: C + 5% of DFI TM live larvae (DM). At 39 days of age, birds were slaughtered. Growth performance parameters were overall not affected by dietary treatments, except for the grower phase feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the overall FCR being better in the TM broilers than the others (p < 0.01). No differences were observed for slaughtering performance and haematological and serum parameters, except for the spleen relative weight being higher (p < 0.01) in the birds administered with larvae when compared to the C group. Gut morphometric indexes and histopathological alterations were not influenced by insect larvae administration. In conclusion, the administration in limited quantities of HI and TM live larvae as environmental enrichment has no negative effects on broiler chicken growth performance and health status. A behavioural study could confirm that live insect larvae represent a novel natural environmental enrichment in broiler farming.     

黄壤旱地豆科绿肥养分释放特征

在贵阳市黄壤旱地内采用尼龙网袋法,研究不同含水量的绿肥在直接还田和添加生物炭后翻压还田情况下的养分释放特征,以期为黄壤旱地绿肥科学还田及化肥合理减施提供理论依据。结果表明：不同处理的腐解速率趋势相同,均呈现先快速腐解、再缓慢腐解、并逐渐趋于平稳的趋势,总腐解速率表现为风干绿肥+生物炭 > 新鲜绿肥+生物炭 > 风干绿肥 > 新鲜绿肥。经过180 d的腐解,新鲜绿肥、风干绿肥、新鲜绿肥+生物炭、风干绿肥+生物炭腐解速率分别为74.77%、83.13%、92.69%和95.83%,添加生物炭处理绿肥腐解速率高于未添加生物炭处理,风干绿肥腐解速率高于绿肥腐解速率。与腐解速率相似,不同处理的氮和磷的累积减少率均先快速腐解,再缓慢腐解,最终腐解平稳,到达平衡,经过180 d的腐解,新鲜绿肥、风干绿肥、新鲜绿肥+生物炭、风干绿肥+生物炭的氮素释放率分别为73.55%、83.80%、92.00%和95.00%,磷素释放率分别为76.40%、87.13%、93.31%和96.27%;钾素腐解率高于氮素和磷素,不同处理的绿肥在腐解30 d后释放率均在80%以上。综上,不同含水量的绿肥腐解速率不同,风干绿肥的腐解速率高于新鲜绿肥,同时添加生物炭能提高风干和新鲜绿肥的腐解速率。绿肥还田后,可适当减少氮和钾的施用量,还田初期可不调整氮磷肥的施用量,钾肥可适当延后施用。     

紫云英与双季稻秸秆协同利用影响稻田土壤钾循环与平衡

稻草还田和冬种绿肥是维持稻田地力和化肥替代的重要方式之一.本研究以在湖南酸性红黄泥和碱性紫潮泥两种典型稻田土壤上进行了2年的紫云英-双季稻定位试验为对象,分析紫云英和双季稻秸秆协同利用对稻田土壤K循环的影响.两土壤试验处理一致,包括稻田冬闲(FRR)、冬种紫云英(MvRR)及冬种紫云英与水稻秸秆协同利用(MvRR+St)3个处理.结果表明:与冬闲和冬种紫云英相比,紫云英与水稻秸秆协同利用未影响红黄泥土壤各形态钾的含量,但显著提高紫潮泥土壤速效钾和非交换性钾的含量,其中紫潮泥土壤水溶性钾、非特殊吸附钾及特殊吸附钾的含量较冬种紫云英处理分别提高了134.0％、93.0％、73.4％;两种典型稻田土壤上紫云英与水稻秸秆协同利用显著提高下茬作物紫云英的全K含量及吸K量,且紫云英的吸K量为紫潮泥>红黄泥;两种典型稻田土壤上冬种紫云英与水稻秸秆协同利用均未影响早、晚稻产量及籽粒K积累;在稻田各种植季和周年目前的K投入水平下,两种典型稻田土壤上冬种紫云英与水稻秸秆协同利用处理均存在K盈余(红黄泥K盈余量为401.15 kg·hm-2、紫潮泥K盈余量为403.42 kg·hm-2),说明冬种紫云英与水稻秸秆协同利用能减少双季稻生产中的化学钾肥投入量.综上所述,紫云英和双季稻秸秆协同利用有益于稻田土壤的K循环与平衡.