Soybean plant height QTL mapping and meta‐analysis for mining candidate genes

Plant height is closely related to seed yield of soybean. The goal of this study was to identify important loci affecting soybean plant height using meta‐analysis based on a reference physical map. Plant height related to QTLs was mapped across eight years with a RIL population by WinQTLCart v2.5. 182 QTLs related to plant height of soybean from database and our research were collected, and each QTL was projected onto the soybean physical map by software BioMercator v2.1. The confidence interval of meta‐QTL ranged from 0.09 to 5.07 Mb, and the mean phenotypic variance ranged from 4.9% to 73.0%. Furthermore, 4,259 candidate genes were located in these consensus QTLs, and 40 of them were involved in the plant growth and stem elongation and annotated as plant hormone signal transduction (pathway ID ko04075) in KEGG pathway. These results would lay a foundation for fine mapping of QTLs/genes related to plant height and marker‐assisted selection for breeding in soybean.     

Glycine max and Glycine soja are capable of cold acclimation

Soybean has been considered a cold intolerant species; based largely upon seed germination and soil emergent evaluations. This study reports a distinct acquisition of cold tolerance, in seedlings, following short acclimation periods. Diversity in cold responses was assessed in eight cultivars of Glycine max and six accessions of G. soja. All varieties of soybean significantly increased in freezing tolerance following acclimation. This study indicates soybean seedlings are indeed capable of sensing cold and acquiring cold tolerance. Germination rates after cold imbibition were negatively correlated with maturity group, but positively correlated with cold acclimation potential in G. soja. Seed fatty acid composition was varied between the species, with Glycine soja accessions containing about 2‐times more linolenic acid (18:3) than G. max. Furthermore, high levels of linoleic acid (18:2) in seeds were positively correlated with germination rates following cold imbibition in G. soja only. We suggest that domestication has not impacted the overall ability of soybean to cold acclimate at the seedling stage and that there is little variation within the domesticated species for ability to cold acclimate. Thus, this brief comparative study reduces the enthusiasm for the “wild” species as an additional source of genetic diversity for cold tolerance.     

和龙市林业局龙牙楤木的开发利用

龙牙楤木是享誉长白山地区最著名的木本山野菜之一，除了食用价值，还兼有补气安神、强精滋肾的药用价值。由于当地广大群众一直实行掠夺性的采摘方法，致使野生龙牙楤木资源受到严重破坏，其蕴藏量和可采量逐年减少，供需矛盾日渐突出；为保护当地濒危经济植物———龙牙楤木，采取必要的保障措施，综合开发利用，才能使龙牙楤木产业真正成为和龙市多种经营的重要来源之一。     

野生大豆育成品种与其亲本间的遗传多样性比较

[目的]鉴定大豆育成品种与其亲本间的遗传多样性差异和遗传多态性信息含量,为大豆育种提供参考。[方法]采用SSR标记技术对大豆育成品种与其亲本间的遗传多样性进行分析。[结果]野生大豆亲本总等位变异数和特有等位变异数分别是栽培大豆亲本的1.31倍和3.63倍;平均多态性信息含量由大到小依次为野生大豆亲本(0.545 0)、育成大豆品种(0.478 7)、栽培大豆亲本(0.415 6)。[结论]野生大豆的遗传背景复杂,遗传多样性丰富,其外部形态和内在遗传基础都与栽培大豆有明显差异。     

内蒙古桦木沟林场不同地貌野生花卉资源分布

内蒙古桦木沟林场地形地貌类型广泛,野花资源丰富,尚未得到有效开发。为了解野生花卉资源习性和生物学特征,开发利用野花资源,在路径调查的基础上,采用典型样地调查法,调查分析了其野花资源分布。共调查野花资源177种,隶属于40科129属,菊科、豆科、毛茛科等种类和种群数量较丰富。不同地貌Margalef丰富度指数1.35~8.28,Shannon-Wiener指数变异范围1.42~2.59,Simpson指数为0.59~0.96,湿地草甸、疏林草地物种多样性丰富,沙地多样性最低。湿度、光照等是影响野花多样性分布的重要因素。林场分布着丰富而有较大开发价值的喜光、耐荫、耐涝、喜湿、耐旱等不同生态型野生花卉。部分野生花卉资源濒危,亟需保护。     

大豆GmNRT1.2a和GmNRT1.2b基因的克隆及功能探究

拟南芥中硝酸盐的吸收、转运和分配是通过硝酸盐转运蛋白(nitrate transporter, NRT)实现的。尽管之前的生物信息学分析推测大豆GmNRT1.2s可能参与共生固氮过程,但尚未开展相应的功能研究。本研究通过对其表达模式分析収现,GmNRT1.2a和GmNRT1.2b分别在根和叶中高表达,且受硝酸盐诱导,在接种根瘤菌与结瘤因子(nodfactors,NFs)后表达量明显升高。功能研究结果显示,过表达GmNRT1.2a或GmNRT1.2b后大豆根瘤数目显著增加。本研究为深入探究GmNRT1.2a和GmNRT1.2b调控大豆共生固氮过程的分子机制提供了一定的数据支持。     

浙江大盘山国家级自然保护区野果资源食用开发价值评价

为对野果资源的食用开发提供评价和筛选依据,应用层次分析法构建野果资源食用开发价值综合评价模型,并对浙江大盘山国家级自然保护区常见的40种可食用野果进行评价和筛选。结果表明,野果资源食用开发价值的标准层指标的综合权重值为风味口感(0.2674)>营养保健(0.1245)>贮藏难度(0.0884)>结果产量(0.0733)>适应能力(0.0658)>驯化技术(0.0658)>观赏价值(0.0590)>资源储量(0.0442)=新颖程度(0.0442)>产品卖相(0.0368)=食用风险(0.0368)>繁育特性(0.0329)>采食时间(0.0314)>药用价值(0.0295)。经筛选,三叶木通(Akebia trifoliata)、南五味子(Kadsura japonica)、蓬蘽(Rubus hirsutus)等5种野果被评为I级开发利用对象;插田泡(Rubus coreanus)、木通(Akebia quinata)、中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)等14种野果被评为II级开发利用对象;北枳椇(Hovenia dulcis)、君迁子(Diospyros lotus)、珍珠栗(Castanea henryi)等9种野果被评为III级开发利用对象;高梁泡(Rubus lambertianus)、野山楂(Crataegus cuneata)、山樱花(Cerasus serrulata)等12种野果被评为IV级开发利用对象。     

氨氮胁迫对四鼻须鲤鱼肝脏GST酶活力的影响

实验采用生态毒理学方法,以NH4Cl为实验药物,设置0、50、150和250mg/L实验浓度。通过对野生和养殖群体的四鼻须鲤鱼氨氮对肝脏谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶（GST）活力的影响,比较两个群体抗氨氮能力。结果表明：在相同的氨氮浓度和胁迫时间下,四鼻须鲤鱼养殖群体GST酶活力的变化趋势与野生群体大致相同。除250mg/L浓度组在胁迫5d和10d时,野生群体酶活性略低于养殖群体外,在其余时间点的野生群体酶活性均高于养殖群体,而且,在高浓度氨氮胁迫下,野生群体肝脏的GST酶活性达到峰值的时间比养殖群体更短,显示出较强的抗氨氮能力。