膜下滴灌下玉米需水规律及优化灌溉制度研究

为了探索适宜于赤峰地区玉米的最佳滴灌灌溉定额和节水效果,在赤峰市松山区当铺地乡南平房村示范基地内进行了田间试验,研究了覆膜滴灌方式下玉米地土壤含水量变化情况、玉米需水规律、玉米产量和水分利用效率WUE的变化。结果表明:1在玉米苗期的土壤含水量变化不大,在玉米拔节期土壤含水量升高,在玉米抽穗期土壤含水量急剧下降,在灌浆阶段土壤含水量下降的程度加快,在玉米成熟期土壤含水量维持在较低水平;2玉米需水量基本上呈现为苗期小,拔节期大,抽穗期-成熟期小的规律,需水高峰期出现在拔节期,最大需水量为117.23mm(GGDE4);3通过对2013年不同水分处理的玉米产量和WUE与全生育期总耗水量之间进行回归分析,得出玉米产量与耗水量之间、WUE与耗水量之间呈开口向下的二次抛物线关系;4平水年膜下滴灌玉米的优化灌溉制度为全生育期共灌水5次,第一次灌溉时间选择在播种后2~5d,第二次灌溉选择在5月下旬为佳,第三次宜选择在7月中旬的玉米抽穗期阶段,第四次选择在8月上旬的玉米灌浆期最佳,第五次灌溉选择在8月中旬,灌水定额除播种后定植座苗水为180m3/hm2外,其余均为300m3/hm2。     

Accuracy of genomic prediction using imputed whole‐genome sequence data in white layers

There is an increasing interest in using whole‐genome sequence data in genomic selection breeding programmes. Prediction of breeding values is expected to be more accurate when whole‐genome sequence is used, because the causal mutations are assumed to be in the data. We performed genomic prediction for the number of eggs in white layers using imputed whole‐genome resequence data including ~4.6 million SNPs. The prediction accuracies based on sequence data were compared with the accuracies from the 60 K SNP panel. Predictions were based on genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) as well as a Bayesian variable selection model (BayesC). Moreover, the prediction accuracy from using different types of variants (synonymous, non‐synonymous and non‐coding SNPs) was evaluated. Genomic prediction using the 60 K SNP panel resulted in a prediction accuracy of 0.74 when GBLUP was applied. With sequence data, there was a small increase (~1%) in prediction accuracy over the 60 K genotypes. With both 60 K SNP panel and sequence data, GBLUP slightly outperformed BayesC in predicting the breeding values. Selection of SNPs more likely to affect the phenotype (i.e. non‐synonymous SNPs) did not improve the accuracy of genomic prediction. The fact that sequence data were based on imputation from a small number of sequenced animals may have limited the potential to improve the prediction accuracy. A small reference population (n = 1004) and possible exclusion of many causal SNPs during quality control can be other possible reasons for limited benefit of sequence data. We expect, however, that the limited improvement is because the 60 K SNP panel was already sufficiently dense to accurately determine the relationships between animals in our data.     

覆盖方式对旱地小麦花后旗叶抗氧化生理及粒重形成的影响

于2017—2018年和2018—2019年,在西北中部旱作雨养农业区以冬小麦‘康庄974’为试验材料,设秸秆带状覆盖(SM)、地膜覆盖(PM)和无覆盖对照(CK)共3个栽培处理,分析不同覆盖方式对小麦灌浆期土壤水分和温度及抗氧化能力的影响,探讨花后干物质积累量和粒重形成的关系。结果表明,随生育期推进,花后旗叶相对含水量(RWC)逐渐降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐升高,且PM较SM降、升幅度明显。与CK相比,覆盖显著提高花后旗叶抗氧化酶活性,增加渗透调节物质含量;开花时间越长,SM抗氧化酶活性升高的幅度越大,而PM主要提高花后7 d旗叶抗氧化能力。SM和PM的粒重分别较CK增加14.3%和19.1%(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,土壤水分(SW)是影响旗叶生理活性的关键因子,提高SW,有利于增加RWC(r=0.84^**),从而提高旗叶抗氧化能力,其中RWC和抗坏血酸酶(ASA)活性呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.82^**);ASA活性和脯氨酸(Pro)含量呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.94^**),和MDA含量呈极显著负相...     

氮肥深施对旱作覆膜农田土壤养分含量及春玉米产量的影响

以春玉米为供试作物,于2021—2022年在甘肃省定西市进行不同深度施肥田间试验,以双垄沟覆膜种植为基础,设置3个氮肥施用深度：5 cm(D5)、15 cm(D15)和25 cm(D25),以不施氮(N0)处理为对照,共4个处理,分析不同氮肥施用深度对农田土壤养分含量、干物质积累、水分利用及玉米产量的影响,为优化施肥模式和进一步提升其节水增产效能提供理论依据。结果表明,随施肥深度的增加,农田0～40 cm土层土壤养分含量逐渐增大,D25处理较D15和D5处理的土壤有机碳、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别平均提高8.67%、2.23%、22.11%和15.18%;氮肥深施可提高生育后期养分供给能力,玉米干物质积累量显著提高,D25处理播后105 d～收获期干物质积累量分别较D15和D5提高6.53%和25.30%;2个试验年份农田耗水量和水分利用效率均随着施肥深度的增加逐渐增大,D25处理分别较D15和D5平均提高10.09%和10.08%;D25处理玉米生物产量和经济产量较D5处理分别平均提高27.20%和34.93%。在西北旱作区,氮肥25 cm深施模式能为玉米提供更好的养分供给,是提高...     

膜孔灌溉田面综合糙率系数的确定

根据膜孔灌溉田面水流运动特性 ,建立了膜孔灌溉田面水流运动零惯性量数学模型 ,并将其与优化理论相结合 ,提出了确定膜孔灌溉田面综合糙率系数的优化模型。实例计算与方法验证表明 ,该方法能够简单而有效地确定膜孔灌溉田面综合糙率系数。该研究成果为膜孔灌溉理论与技术的进一步研究奠定了基础     

磷化铝动态潮解膜下环流熏蒸生产性试验

磷化铝动态潮解法是配合环流熏蒸使用的一种新型施药方法，本试验结合我库的具体情况，将动态潮解与膜下环流熏蒸有机结合起来，有效地解决了仓房气密性、有效时间、害虫再次感染等问题，大大提高了熏蒸杀虫效果，为抗性害虫的综合治理探索出一条新路。     

Analysis on Micro-structure of TiN Thin Film and Polyimide with AFM

The study in molecular morphology is given with a highresolution Atomic Force Microscope AFM.IPC-208B.By taking TiN thim film prepared by magnerton sputtering method and polymide(PI) fibre for examples,the preferenthal growing plme of TiN thin film,the atomic arranges of TiN thin film on the preferential growing plme and the surficial micro-structure can be ascertained form the three-dimensional images obtamed by AFM.IPC-208B.These experiments not only identify small structures of the materials,but also affirm that AFM.IPC-208B holds the precision of atomic level and potential application in micro-structure field,at the same time it establishs the groundwork for the application in micro-process kingdom.