水生蔬菜加工的现状及建议

水生蔬菜是我国特有的蔬菜,其产业的发展随着我国经济水平的提高而增强,而加工被认为是整个产业发展的重要环节。本文就水生蔬菜的加工进展作详细的论述,同时对水生蔬菜的发展提出了一些建设性的建议。     

Effect of dietary echium oil on growth, fatty acid composition and metabolism, gill prostaglandin production and macrophage activity in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

Echium oil (EO) is a vegetable oil in which percentages of stearidonic acid (STA, 18:4n‐3) often exceed those of its n‐6 series equivalent γ‐linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n‐6). Stearidonic acid is elongated to 20:4n‐3 in fish cell cultures, suggesting that EO could be included in diets for marine fish to increase tissue 20:4n‐3 and 20:3n‐6 and, thereby, modulate eicosanoid metabolism. Thus, the present study aimed to test the hypotheses that dietary EO would increase tissue 20:4n‐3 and 20:3n‐6 and modulate immune function and eicosanoid production in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) fed a diet where fish oil (FO) was replaced by EO. Duplicate groups of juvenile cod (initial weight ca. 4 g) were fed for 18 weeks on fish meal‐based diets (55% protein and 16% lipid) that differed in oil source (FO or EO). There were no significant differences in growth and feed efficiency, hepato‐somatic index, percentages of liver and flesh lipids and lipid class compositions for cod fed FO and EO. Percentages of 18:4n‐3, 18:3n‐6 and 20:3n‐6 in the total lipids of flesh and liver were higher, and percentages of 20:5n‐3 and 20:4n‐6 were both lower in fish fed EO than in those given FO. In flesh, the increased 18:3n‐6 and 18:4n‐3 were primarily located in phosphatidylcholine and, to a lesser extent, phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas 20:3n‐6 concentration was highest in phosphatidylinositol. Desaturation of 18:3n‐3 (to tetraene products) and 20:5n‐3 to 22:6n‐3 in hepatocytes was very low but was increased by dietary EO. Echium oil significantly decreased the production of prostaglandin F from gill cells stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187, and reduced head kidney macrophage activity, but had no effect on serum lysozyme activity or basic haematology. In conclusion, dietary EO may have beneficial effects on some immune parameters including eicosanoid metabolism in marine fish although this may be primarily because of decreased 20:4n‐6 rather than increasing tissue levels of 20:3n‐6 or 20:4n‐3.     

湖南蔬菜产业集群式发展现状、问题及对策分析

蔬菜产业是湖南农业的重要组成部分,是集经济效益、社会效益和生态效益为一体的产业。蔬菜产业集群式发展有利于提高资源利用效率,提升蔬菜产业的整体竞争力。新形势下为保持湖南省蔬菜产业集群的良好发展态势和促使其健康发展,通过产业集群理论联系实际分析了湖南蔬菜产业集群发展现状,并针对产业集群式发展中面临的问题提出了有利于产业集群稳健发展的新思路。     

惠州市不同来源的蔬果产品质量安全状况分析

分析惠州市不同来源的蔬果产品质量安全状况,结果发现：惠州市不合格蔬果产品的禁用农药残留主要是甲胺磷,限用农药残留主要是氧乐果和甲基异柳磷,非禁限用农药残留主要是毒死蜱;生产基地蔬果产品未出现禁用农药,禁限用农药残留总体合格率最高,其次是批发市场、超市和农贸市场,说明农业部门抓源头管理起到了效果;批发市场蔬果样品农药残留的总体合格率最高,与抽样品种、监管力度有关,而生产基地、超市和农贸市场相近。超市蔬果样品农药残留的总体合格率及禁用农药残留合格率均高于农贸市场,这也与自身强化监管及控制蔬菜进货渠道有关。农贸市场蔬果样品的禁限用农药残留与批发市场高度相关,这与农贸市场的蔬果产品主要来自批发市场的调研结果相符。综上所述,不同来源的蔬果产品农药残留合格率逐年提高。     

菘油2号选育及油蔬两用价值初探

药用植物菘蓝的特定染色体附加到甘蓝型油菜所产生的附加系表现一定的抗病毒活性,但尚无营养成分、菜薹和菜籽产量、综合效益方面的研究。本研究以抗病毒油菜菘油1号为父本,细胞核雄性不育系川A-3为母本选育出菘油2号,并对其进行油蔬两用产量、农艺性状、菜薹营养、种子品质、综合效益等方面的研究。结果表明,具有菘蓝染色体特异标记的植株占48.56%,其菜薹营养丰富,维生素C和锌含量明显高于西兰花1-1-5、白花菜rB-112、红菜薹Q10005、初冬牛心甘蓝和萝卜CP4,氨基酸、蛋白质含量明显高于白花菜rB-112、红菜薹Q10005、初冬牛心甘蓝和萝卜CP4,与西兰花1-1-5相当。从播种到始摘薹的天数平均为117 d,菜薹产量为16 908.8 kg/hm²,较摘薹对照增产75.1%。与单纯收籽栽培相比,摘薹后末花期延迟6~10 d,株高、全株角果数、每角粒数、千粒重、单株产量,含油量都显著降低,其末花期理论生物量平均124.3 t/hm²,收获油菜籽1127.3 kg/hm²,较摘薹对照增产16.4%,较单纯收油菜籽栽培减产42.3%,油蔬两用栽培平均综合效益108 892.4元/hm²,比单纯收油菜籽栽培新增效益92 920.4 元/hm²。菘油2号油蔬两用栽培对增进人类健康和油菜提质增效具有重要意义,具有巨大的推广前景。     

国内外植物油价格波动的关联分析

本文基于中国、西北欧的主要植物油价格以及马来西亚棕油价格、库存、产量的月度数据,研究其波动关联性。研究结果表明,最近7年和20世纪80年代的价格波动较为剧烈,西北欧市场植物油价格在过去30多年中没有明显增长趋势;季节性变动呈变弱趋势,豆油的季节性变化相对小;在棕榈油市场,投机对价格波动的影响较弱,但最近7年开始加重;不同地区、不同产品的价格关联性强,但菜籽油在不同区域市场之间的关系相对弱一些。     

蔬菜废弃有机物无害化处理及再利用技术研究

以丝瓜藤为腐熟原料,通过添加EM菌剂和秸秆腐熟剂进行腐熟试验,研究腐熟剂处理后腐熟物的无害化处理以及肥料化再利用技术。结果表明:腐熟剂处理后的废弃有机物表观性状、温度、pH值可达到无害化处理的标准;还田后可提高土壤肥力和改善土壤结构,为废弃物的资源转化提供了有效途径。     

保健蔬菜牛蒡设施栽培新技术研究

牛蒡是一种药食同源的功能性保健蔬菜。从植物学特性和食用价值两个方面介绍了牛蒡,并介绍了牛蒡大棚有机基质栽培技术。     

Differential Responses of Nitrifier and Denitrifier to Dicyandiamide in Short- and Long-Term Intensive Vegetable Cultivation Soils

Nitrification inhibitors, such as dicyandiamide （DCD）, have been shown to decrease leaching from urea- and ammoniumbased fertilizers in agricultural soils. The effect of nitrification inhibitors on nitrifier and denitrifier in short- and long-term intensive vegetable cultivation soils was poorly understood. In this study, the pot trial was conducted to investigate the differential responses of nitrifier （amoA-containing bacteria） and denitrifier （nirK-containing bacteria） to DCD in short-（soil S） and long-term （soil L） intensive vegetable cultivation soils. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction （qPCR） and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism （T-RFLP） were employed to detect the abundance and composition of amoA- and nirK-containing communities. The results indicated that application of DCD led to a consistently higher NH4＋-N concentration during the whole incubation in soil L, while it was quickly decreased in soil S after 21 days. Furthermore, DCD induced more severe decrease of the abundance of amoA-containing bacteria in soil L than in soil S. However, the abundance of the nirK- containing community was not significantly affected by DCD in both soils. Long-term vegetable cultivation resulted in a super-dominant amoA-containing bacteria group and less divergence in soil L compared with soil S, and DCD did not cause obvious shifts of the composition of ammonia-oxidising bacteria （AOB）. On the contrary, both amoA- and nirK-containing bacterial compositions were influenced by DCD in soil S. The results suggested that long-term intensive vegetable cultivation with heavy nitrogen fertilization resulted in significant shifts of AOB community, and this community was sensitive to DCD, but denitrifiers were not clearly affected by DCD.     

作物育种学教学研究

作物育种学是一门理论性实践性经验性都很强的课程,该文根据作物育种学课程的特点,从提高教师自身素质和教学能力、改进教学内容、灵活运用教学手段等方面进行了探索研究,以期为促进作物育种学教学工作提供参考.