郑州市绿地景观破碎化对人为活动的时空响应

以郑州市为研究对象,选取1992、2000、2009、2017年夜间灯光数据及Landsat影像为数据源。结合ArcGIS、Fragstats和GeoDA软件,综合运用人类聚居指数(HSI)和景观格局指数(SPLIT/COHESION/PD/LSI),利用双变量空间自相关探究人为活动强度与城市绿地景观破碎化的时空关联性。结果表明:1）1992-2017年人为活动高强度区域以郑州市主城区为中心向东北和东南方向呈放射状扩大;2）1992-2017年绿地斑块分割度指数从306.74下降到125.12、结合度指数从98.82上升到99.45、斑块密度从21.54下降到15.01、景观形态指数从499.26上升到534.90,绿地景观破碎化程度总体降低;3）1992-2017年郑州人类聚居指数（HSI）与绿地景观斑块分割度指数（SPLIT）的Moran’s I分别为0.50、0.63、0.76、0.82具有空间正相关性,与绿地景观结合度指数（COHESION）Moran’s I分别为-0.66、-0.63、-0.77、-0.80具有空间负相关性,在99.9%的置信度下的空间自相关是显著的。研究揭示了城市化背景下绿地景观破碎化对人为活动强度的响应关系,以期为城市发展和绿地规划及建设提供依据。     

近15年南京都市圈区域绿地变化研究

以2003-2017年时间段为例,基于Landsat遥感影像,提取2003、2008、2013年和2017年4期区域绿地斑块,利用动态度、景观指数以及变化程度等方法,从规模与格局的角度对南京都市圈区域绿地的变化特征进行分析,并利用logistic回归模型对影响区域绿地变化的驱动因素进行估算。结果表明:1)2003-2017年,区域绿地面积不断减少,由2003年的6 090.33 km²减少至2017年的5 577.92 km²。其中2008年前,区域绿地规模变化较大,动态度为-1.55%,2008年后规模减速放缓,动态度为-0.09%;2)研究期内,区域绿地面积减少率位于70%~100%区间的单元数呈递减趋势,粗放式的区域绿地开发得到控制,但区域绿地总体稳定性不断下降。区域绿地面积增长率主要位于0~30%,面积总体增幅较小,增长率≥100%的单元分布离散,并呈现由山体周边向山体内部、沿江沿河处转移的特征;3)区域绿地的斑块密度、形状指数不断增加,斑块大小中位数、连接度以及聚集度总体下降。区域绿地在斑块特征上呈现小型化、破碎化,在空间分布上趋于离散的特征;4)高程、第二产业占比、公路里程等因素是影响南京都市圈区域绿地演变的重要驱动力。     

大豆产量空间分布特性的初步研究

南方地区现有品种(系)间产量空间分布存在显著差异。产量在群体冠层中主要分布于上层、中层和主茎,但品种(系)间有相当大的变异。根据上、中层和主茎产量百分率可把品种(系)的产量空间分布在垂直方向上分为上层型、均匀型和中层型,在水平方向上分为主茎型、并重型和分枝型,共组合成9种空间分布类型。垂直分布的均匀型和水平分布的主茎型和并重型是高产的空间分布类型。     

嗜水气单胞菌HEC毒素对鲤内皮细胞的毒性

体外培养鲤血管内皮细胞 (EC) ,取 10 0 0 0ml嗜水气单胞菌悬液 ,盐析和层析后获得HEC毒素 (外毒素 ) ,测定分析不同质量浓度HEC毒素 (10 2 4 .0 0 ,2 5 6 .0 0 ,6 4 .0 0 ,16 .0 0 ,4 .0 0 ,1.0 0 ,0 .2 5 μg/ml)对鲤EC的半感染浓度(TCID50 )及观察在工作浓度 (16TCID50 )下内皮细胞的损伤和亚显微变化。结果表明 :1)HEC毒素对鲤科鱼类的红细胞有很强的破坏性 (溶血价 >8× 10 3 HU/mg) ;2 )对鲤EC的TCID50 为 5 .85 μg/ml;3)在 16TCID50 HEC毒素诱导下 ,6h的EC单层出现空斑 ,12h的EC有部分脱落 ,2 4h的EC全部脱落 ;超薄切片中 12h的EC微绒毛有部分丢失 ,细胞器和核质严重病变 ,细胞膜完整性被破坏 ,2 4h的EC核肿胀 ,微绒毛、细胞器和核质均丢失     

Characteristics of burnt meat in cultured yellowtail <Emphasis Type="Italic">Seriola quinqueradiata</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   In order to understand the characteristics of burnt meat in cultured yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata , fish were kept at two different temperatures (13 and 30°C) and slaughtered by either spinal cord destruction (SCD) or suffocation in air (SA). Early postmortem changes during storage at 32°C were analyzed by rheological, biochemical, and histological methods. The burnt meat (with lightness parameter, L* ≥ 55) was observed at 1-h storage in the SA 30°C group, at 2 h in SCD 30°C, and at 4 h in SA 13°C; meat was normal for the SCD 13°C group until 6 h of storage. Breaking strength scores were higher for the normal meat (200 g/cm²) than burnt meat (70 g/cm²) at 4 h of storage. Expressible water content was higher for the burnt meat than for the normal meat. Adenosine triphosphate concentrations for the SCD groups were higher than for the SA counterparts. Moreover, pH decrease was much faster in the 30°C groups, showing pH 5.6 at 2 h of storage. A negative correlation between the pH and lactic acid contents in muscle ( P  < 0.001) was found. Histological analysis evidenced a larger pericellular area (40%) in the burnt samples than in the normal samples (16%). It was confirmed that a higher fish-keeping water temperature and a stressful slaughter method (faster glycolytic process) were determinative factors that influence the occurrence of burnt muscle in yellowtail, and that the effect of the former is larger than the latter.     

Stanniocalcin kinetics in freshwater and seawater european eel (Anguilla anguilla)

The kinetics and hypocalcemic potency of stanniocalcin (STC) were examined in freshwater and seawater eels. The secretion rate and the metabolic clearance rate of STC were calculated from the STC disappearance curve after intra-arterial injection of trout STC. Basal plasma STC concentrations in freshwater and seawater eels did not differ but the STC secretion rate and metabolic clearance rate in seawater eel were 70–75% higher than in FW eel. The increased STC distribution space in seawater eels suggests that the STC receptor density was increased. STC had a higher hypocalcemic potency in seawater than in freshwater eels. These observations support the hypothesis that seawater fish require more hormonal control over transcellular influx of calcium than freshwater fish.To whom correspondence should be addressed.     

铜锌离子对褶皱臂尾轮虫的急性毒性试验

研究了Ｃｕ＋＋、Ｚｎ＋＋对褶皱臂尾轮虫（Ｂｒａｃｈｉｏｎｕｓｐｌｉｃａｔｉｌｉｓ）的急性毒性影响。实验温度２５±１℃,轮虫对Ｃｕ＋＋的污染相当敏感,Ｃｕ＋＋２４ｈ半致死浓度为２４ｈＬＣ５０＝１４．４７μｇ／Ｌ～２１．９３μｇ／Ｌ;Ｚｎ＋＋２４ｈ半致死浓度为２４ｈＬＣ５０＝３．４０４ｍｇ／Ｌ～４．５４９ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

Neurotoxin tetrodotoxin as attractant for toxic snails

ABSTRACT:   The attracting effect of a small dose of tetrodotoxin (TTX) on eight toxic snail species ( Polinices didyma, Natica lineata, Natica vitellus, Zeuxis sufflatus, Niotha clathrata, Oliva miniacea, Oliva mustelina and Oliva hirasei ) and two non-toxic species ( Pomacea canaliculata and Satsuma bairdi ) was investigated. Each toxic snail species was determined to contain TTX. The minimum lethal dose of TTX for most toxic snails was estimated to be >44.5 µg TTX/20 g body weight, but for non-toxic snails it was <3.6 µg TTX/20 g body weight. After the attracting test, it was found that for all toxic snails there was a significantly positive relationship between the comparative attracting variation and the toxicity reported, and this relationship was linear ( y  = 5.895 x  + 3.443, r  = 0.806). The relationship between TTX resistance ability and toxicity also had a positive correlation ( y  = 0.113 x  + 52.447, r  = 0.814). However, non-toxic species showed a negative response. The more toxic snails appeared to prefer TTX, indicating that TTX is an attractant for toxic snails.     

洋澜湖下湖鱼类中毒死亡原因分析

面积１．２３ｋｍ２的洋澜湖系鄂州城区唯一的湖泊，日接纳未经处理的工业废水与生活污水８万ｔ，水体高度富营养化。以化工厂等企业超标工业废水的点源污染严重，尤以氨氮污染突出，造成１９９５年夏天该湖下湖（水面６６７ｈｍ２）鱼类非离子氨中毒，死亡２０万ｋｇ左右。     

Extracellular fluid volume measurements in tissues of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)in vivo and their effects on intracellular pH and ion calculations

Extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) estimates were determined in various tissues and whole body of resting, chronically cannulated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were infused with¹⁴C-inulin,³H-polyethylene glycol (PEG, M.W. 4000),³H-mannitol, or¹⁴C-mannitol, and values of ECFV determined from tissue: plasma water distribution ratios after 6 h or 13 h equilibration. Overall,³H-PEG provided the most conservative and reliable estimates after 13 h equilibration, with ECFV values in the order: brain < white muscle < red muscle < liver < heart < gill tissue.¹⁴C-inulin yielded generally similar values to³H-PEG at 13 h, but probably overestimated ECFV in liver.³H-mannitol and¹⁴C-mannitol spaces were similar to each other and far greater than³H-PEG or¹⁴C-inulin values in most tissues.³H-mannitol values increased significantly between 6 h and 13 h, in contrast to¹⁴C-inulin. Mannitol clearly overestimated ECFV in liver and gill, and probably also heart and whole body, but may have provided more realistic estimates in brain due to better penetration of the blood-brain barrier. The Cl^–/K⁺ space technique overestimated ECFV in gills, but was satisfactory in white muscle. Measurements and model calculations evaluated sources of error in intracellular pH (by¹⁴C-DMO) and ion determinations. Trapped red cells in the gills have negligible influence. Errors in ECFV are much more influential in a tissue with a high ECFV (gills) than a low ECFV (white muscle).³H-PEG is the marker of choice for intracellular pH determinations. However, even when³H-PEG is used, the potential for absolute errors in intracellular ion concentrations remains high.