猕猴桃溃疡病生防芽孢杆菌B2的鉴定及应用

猕猴桃溃疡病是一种毁灭性细菌病害,该病发展迅速,防治难度大,严重制约了猕猴桃产业的发展。为找到一种有效防治该病的方法,针对化学防治易产生抗药性、污染环境、杀伤天敌等特点,从猕猴桃根际土壤中分离共获得25株芽孢杆菌,采用点菌法筛选出4株对猕猴桃溃疡病菌(Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae)具有拮抗效果的菌株(抑菌圈直径达到5 mm以上),其中B2拮抗作用最强。根据菌落(体)形态特征、生理生化鉴定以及16S r DNA序列分析,初步鉴定B2为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。将B2的发酵原液稀释成1×109cfu/m L的发酵液,并在此基础上依次配制50、100、500、1000、2000倍的稀释液,用于盆栽试验。盆栽试验采用喷雾法,30天后的防治效果分别达到了90.45%、86.52%、80.90%、67.98%、47.19%、15.73%,60天后尽管病斑有少量增加,旧病斑有所增大,但与对照相比,病斑增长速度明显减缓。大田试验结果证明,该菌具有较好的生防潜力,喷雾法选择B2发酵液的50倍稀释液,涂抹法选择B2发酵液的100倍稀释液,可有效降低猕猴桃溃疡病的危害。     

无压灌溉埋管深度的机理性研究及大田试验

通过室内试验和大田试验,研究了无压灌溉方式下埋管深度对水分运移和作物生长的影响机理。结果表明,在不同埋深时湿润体形状均为球冠,但球冠高度不同;湿润体内含水率均在埋管深度附近达到最大值,并以灌水器所在平面为对称面对称分布;埋管深度对番茄根系的生长分布、早期生物量的积累和后期干物质在果实和茎叶中的分配比例都有影响;埋深10 cm时,番茄的水分利用效率、产量和品质最大,是温室番茄的最佳埋深。     

番茄果实力学特性及与成熟度关系的试验研究

采用完整番茄果实为试样,根据弹性力学赫芝理论及线形粘弹性理论,结合图像处理的方法,从平板压缩试验及应力松弛试验研究中,提取力学—流变学性质参数,并为果实的成熟度判别作应用探讨,为番茄的生产、运输,加工及分级等提供必要的方法与基础数据资料。     

农业机器人末端执行件的研究发展

农业机器人是农业机械的发展趋势之一,末端执行件是农业机器人的重要组成部分.为此,综述了农业机器人末端执行件的组成和发展状况,重点介绍了移栽机器人和番茄采摘机器人的末端执行件的发展;最后,讨论了末端执行件的发展趋势.     

Quality and maximum profit of industrial tomato as affected by distribution uniformity of drip irrigation system

The tomato industry reformed its system of payment by weight of tomato, introducing a corrective system based on percent level of fruit dry matter produced. Such a decision implies significant changes in the management of irrigation systems, with a need to emphasize the technological quality of the marketable product. Three levels of distribution uniformity of the irrigation system are analysed, and related production functions of crop yield and percent of dry matter are presented as well as their use on the optimisation of dry matter, expected revenues and seasonal applied water. Results are critically influenced by the distribution uniformity. They demonstrate the inter-relationship between crop production, percent fruit dry matter and irrigation management, and the importance of considering non-uniformity in the economic analysis of industrial tomato production. Decreases in uniformity lead to a reduction in dry matter production per unit land. Decreases in dry matter are also observed with increasing levels of seasonally applied water, with the optimal level always lower than the required for maximum yield. Such interaction suggests a continuous and inverse relationship between profit and water applied. However, due to the corrective system of payment, by levels of percent of dry matter produced, for some uniformity, the expected revenue follows the yield-water production function instead of the dry matter function. This fact introduces disturbances in the optimal water applied inducing higher than expected levels of water applied for profit maximisation. The simulated data also show that incentives to switch to new systems or management practices able to raise the distribution uniformity result more from profit losses than increases in water price.     

土壤水分及有机肥料对番茄叶片光合特性及叶绿素含量影响的试验研究

有机栽培是一种新型的种植方式,为了研究有机肥料在不同的水分条件对温室番茄的光合特性以及叶绿素含量的影响,在中国农业大学联栋玻璃温室进行了番茄的盆栽试验研究,采取4种灌水处理以及2种肥料处理,得到如下结论:1随着土壤水分的增加、番茄叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度都有相应的增加趋势。2水分最低的处理反而净光合速率的值较高,是由于在这一处理中,叶片的叶绿素含量较高。3土壤含水率较低的前提下(田持的40%～85%),施加有机肥料BGA可以使得番茄叶片的叶绿素含量有较大的增加,平均可增加13%～24%,土壤含水率较高的情况下(田持的85%～100%)叶绿素的含量变化不大。     

樱桃番茄新品种示范与评比试验

为了筛选出适合延庆地区种植的高产、优质、抗性强的设施樱桃番茄新品种,促进品种更新换代,引进了4个樱桃番茄新品种进行春大棚越夏一大茬生产评比试验。结果表明：番茄1843开花、坐果较早, 株高、茎粗生长势较强,成熟果实颜色粉红色、汁液较多、可溶性固形物含量较高,667 m2产量和效益均最高,分别为3 051 kg和13 141元,且抗病性、连续坐果性较强,口感、品质较优,适宜在延庆地区春大棚进行越夏茬栽培种植。