优质抗病甘薯新品种‘福薯90号’的选育

为了满足福建省不同生态区域对优质、抗病甘薯新品种的需求,福建省农业科学院作物研究所与福建省农业科学院中心实验室于2007年以兰葡萄×南薯88杂交选育而成福薯90号。经过多点试验、省区域试验和生产试验,于2014年5月通过福建省农作物品种审定。该品种生育期135～150 d,株型中长蔓半直立,叶色绿带紫,叶型心带齿,茎紫色,薯块纺锤形,薯皮红色,薯肉黄色;单株结薯数2～5个,鲜薯产量41004．45 kg·hm^－2,薯干产量10694．1 kg·hm^－2,淀粉产量6695．85 kg·hm^－2;干物率25．99％,出粉率16．25％,食味评分80．9分,外观评分82．0分;薯块萌芽性好,较耐贮藏,高抗蔓割病。福薯90号属高产、优质、抗病新品种,适宜在福建省大面积推广应用。     

铜仁市红薯产业现状及对策

为铜仁市红薯产业的可持续发展提供参考,针对其产业发展情况,从企业与基地农户利益联结不紧密、企业红薯产品的开发力度较低、红薯加工企业发展后续空间小、企业市场开拓意识较弱、品牌建设力度小、严重缺乏产业发展人才、种植技术不统一与贮藏困难等方面分析其存在的问题,同时从加大对红薯产业的扶持力度、促进红薯深加工产品的开发、推进企业与红薯种植户的利益连结、提高红薯规范化栽培水平、解决红薯贮藏问题、改善红薯产业化经营机制、加强品牌建设与宣传、引进高层次人才等方面提出了相应的对策。     

不同扦插措施对脱毒紫云红芯红薯产量的影响

为确定脱毒紫云红芯薯扦插的最佳节位、节数与扦插密度,为该品种的栽培技术推广应用提供理论依据,采用 L9（34）正交试验设计,研究不同节位、不同节数、不同扦插密度对脱毒紫云红芯薯产量的影响。结果表明：各因素对产量的决定程度为扦插节位（A）＞密度（C）＞扦插节数（B）,最佳组合为扦插节位12、扦插节数3、密度为5417株／667m2,该条件下的红薯产量最高,可达1900．79 kg／667m2;当扦插节位2、扦插节数4、密度为3334株／667m2时,其产量最低,为916．02 kg／667m2。     

甜玉米LCYE等位基因多态性及功能分析

【目的】鉴定甜玉米材料中LCYE基因的多态性和β-胡萝卜素和类胡萝卜素含量的变异,为了解甜玉米LCYE基因的等位基因功能及维生素A源强化育种提供参考和依据.【方法】以47份甜玉米自交系为材料,用高效液相色谱法检测β-胡萝卜素和总类胡萝卜素的含量,扩增LCYE基因并测序,结合LCYE基因的测序结果和β-胡萝卜素、总类胡萝卜素含量的表型值作关联分析.【结果和结论】在47份甜玉米自交系的LCYE基因的测序结果中共发现75个多态性位点,其中49个多态性位点分布在非编码区,26个多态性位点分布于LCYE基因的外显子区,且均为SNP,第5外显子区多态性位点最丰富,第4和第9外显子区未检测到多态性位点,其保守程度较高.关联分析检测到与β-胡萝卜素相关联的位点3个,与总类胡萝卜素含量关联的位点6个,位点exon1-2和exon5-6与2种表型极显著相关.本研究证明在甜玉米中LCYE基因与β-胡萝卜素和类胡萝卜素的合成显著相关,为甜玉米的维生素A源强化育种提供了理论基础.     

冰糖橙×枸橼杂交后代的胚抢救及杂种鉴定

为获得冰糖橙×枸橼的合子苗,以抗柑橘溃疡病枸橼为父本,以高感病品种冰糖橙为母本进行杂交,利用胚抢救技术获得杂交后代,然后利用筛选出的SSR引物对亲本和子代的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,分析并鉴定杂交后代中的合子苗。结果表明:在最终获得的359株杂交后代中,利用SSR标记能鉴定出合子苗12株。     

红薯叶面喷施氨基酸水溶肥料效果研究

红薯叶面喷施氨基酸水溶肥料的肥效研究结果表明,喷施氨基酸水溶肥料改善了红薯的生物学性状,增加了红薯的主蔓长度、主蔓茎粗、单株叶片数和单株产量,平均增产3 350 kg/hm2,增产率为5.58%,产量差异达极显著水平。     

外源维生素浸种对甜玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

【目的】明确不同外源维生素对甜玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,探讨提高甜玉米种子萌发率及培育壮苗的方法,为生产中选用维生素浸种提供参考。【方法】以储存1年以上的甜玉米品种"中甜1号"为试验材料,用不同质量浓度(10,50,100,200mg/L)的VB1、VB2、VB6、VB12、VPP、VM和VC在25℃条件下浸种24h后播种,研究甜玉米种子萌发期和幼苗期对VB1、VB2、VB6、VB12、VPP、VM和VC处理的生理响应。【结果】除维生素B6(VB6)外,VB1、VB2、VB12、VPP、VM和VC处理都有一个或者几个质量浓度浸种处理对甜玉米种子的萌发和幼苗生长表现出不同程度的促进作用,其中以50~100mg/L VC、VPP处理效果较好,显著提高了甜玉米种子萌发率和幼苗苗高、根长、根冠比及根系活力,幼苗质量高。VC浸种可以显著提高甜玉米幼苗的超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,降低MDA的含量。【结论】外源VC和VPP可以作为研制甜玉米种子处理剂的材料。     

Improving the Field Emergence Performance of Super Sweet Corn by Sand Priming

Abstract

A priming method called sand priming was developed using sand as a priming solid matrix. The effect of sand priming on improving the field emergence performance of five super sweet corn cultivars was investigated. Sand priming significantly improved field emergence performance of all super sweet corn cultivars, and there was marked improvement by priming at 20ºC for 24 hr. After sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr, field emergence percentage (FEP) of “Green Superman”, “Huatian 1”, “Yangtian 1”, “Mitian 8”, and “Chaotian 43” was increased by 52.1%, 37.5%, 38.0%, 40.9%, and 33.3%, respectively. Their field emergence speed (FES) was 2.3, 1.8, 2.0, 2.0, and 1.8 times of the control, respectively. To further elucidate the effect of sand priming on improving the field emergence performance of super sweet corn, we analyzed the membrane system integrity, α-amylase activity and protein content. Sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr improved membrane system integrity and α-amylase activity in all super sweet corn cultivars. Furthermore, sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr accelerated the degradation of embryo protein after 1 d germination in “Green Superman”.     

黑龙江省甜高粱产业发展优势与制约因素分析

随着黑龙江省对甜高粱这种新兴能源作物的产业研究日益重视与深入，越来越多的细节问题浮出水面。如何发挥黑龙江省的地域优势，排除制约甜高粱产业发展的不利因素，成为种植和推广甜高粱作物的重要课题。就黑龙江省甜高粱产业发展的优势与制约因素进行了分析，并提出了相应的解决办法，为黑龙江省甜高粱产业快速、良性发展提供了理论依据。     

Genotypic Differences in Root Hair Deformation and Subsequent Nodulation for Red Clover under Different Additions of Starter N Fertilization

Red clover cultivars, including diploid and tetraploid, are commonly used in legume‐based pasture mixtures. However, information on nodulation under different starter N regimens is limited. We hypothesized that there is genetic variability among different red clover cultivars for nodulation. A root hair deformation assay was conducted using three diploid (AC Christie, Tapani and CRS15) and three tetraploid (Tempus, CRS18 and CRS39) red clover cultivars by inoculating them with Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii. Nodulation and morphological characteristics of two selected red clover cultivars, AC Christie and Tempus, were determined under five starter N concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg per plant). Inoculation with rhizobia increased root hair deformation with significant interaction across cultivars. Nodulation was delayed under high starter N concentrations, and genotypic differences were evident for days‐to‐nodule initiation. There was a positive quadratic response to starter N for AC Christie and a negative quadratic response for Tempus for nodulation. Tempus had more active nodules (92 %) than AC Christie (73 %). The genetic variability of red clover cultivars should be considered in N fixation studies and their response to availability of initial N.