甜菜施用几种微肥效果试验简报

几种微肥在甜菜上施用效果表明,从增产增糖作用看,处理Ｃ伏于处理Ｂ和处理Ａ,分别经对照增产１８．２％、１３．６％和６．８％,提高含糖０．５７工、０．２４度和０．２度;从投入产出比看,处理Ｂ效果最好,其次是处理Ｃ和处理Ａ,它们的投入产出比分别为１：２７、１５．４、１：６．１。说明稀土的增产潜力还很大,应扩大康普４号的应用面积。     

甜菜种质芽期耐盐性及鉴定方法的研究

通过对６份甜菜种质在不同浓度的ＮａＣｌ盐渍下的耐盐性研究表明,甜基芽期耐盐性是受基因控制的,其广义遗传力ｈ＾２ｎ＝５１．１２％;大批鉴定时ＮａＣｌ浓度选在１．０％较适宜;评价指标以盐害系数为最好;６份甜菜种质的芽期耐盐性以７５０３／７８为最好。     

国内外甜菜品种在宁夏引黄灌区含糖率的适应性稳定性分析

本文就国内外甜菜品种在宁夏引黄灌区的区域试验结果进行了分析, 计算了各参试品种含糖率对环境指数的回归系数(b) 及回归方程式,并对各参试品种的含糖率作了适应性和稳定性分析。结果表明:宁甜单优1 号、宁甜双优1 号、KWS9103、92cb18 、新单优1 号5 个品种的稳定性较好,适于广泛种植;宁甜202 、ND9530、ND9529、甜研305、吉甜301、双丰316 六个品种的含糖率性状不稳定,只适应在品种(V) ×地点(L) 互作效应较高的地区使用;96073 品种适宜种植于低糖地区。     

Phenmedipham–Ozone Pollution Interactions in Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L. cv. Saxon): A Physiological Study

Actively growing sugarbeet is treated with the post-emergent herbicide phenmedipham at times when ozone pollution episodes are likely to occur. There is a possibility of an interaction occurring between ozone and phenmedipham as both treatments produce similar effects in susceptible plants, such as a reduction in growth and photosynthesis and an increase in the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. To investigate this likelihood, laboratory experiments were conducted in which two- to three-leaf sugarbeet plants (Beta vulgaris L. cv. Saxon) were exposed to a simulated two-day ozone episode (100 nl litre⁻¹, 7 h day⁻¹) followed three days later by treatment with field rate phenmedipham (1·14 kg AI ha⁻¹). Growth analysis indicated that an interaction was occurring in which plants treated with ozone and phenmedipham had less reduction in shoot fresh weight than expected. Exposure to phenmedipham alone or ozone followed by phenmedipham reduced net photosynthesis by over 50% and transpiration rate by 30%. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were stimulated by both treatments individually, but to a greater extent when ozone and phenmedipham were combined. For example, three days after herbicide treatment, the activity of superoxide dismutase increased by 20% in plants treated with ozone alone, 20% in plants treated with phenmedipham alone and 85% in plants that were treated with ozone followed by phenmedipham. We conclude that ozone pollution may predispose sugarbeet to tolerate the herbicide phenmedipham by enhancing the activity of the endogenous antioxidant detoxification enzyme system.     

甜菜对豆磺隆的敏感性与内源激素关系的研究

文章采用水培试验方法,在豆磺隆4μg.kg-1条件下,对耐性及感性甜菜内源激素含量的动态变化进行测定。结果表明,耐性甜菜在豆磺隆施用后第3天IAA含量开始增加并高于对照7.9%,GA及Zr与敏感甜菜相比保持较高含量,ABA含量略有降低,而敏感甜菜ABA含量明显增加。耐性甜菜品系三种促进型激素IAA、GA及Zr与ABA比值较高,因而维持了耐性甜菜体内激素的相对平衡,在增强对豆磺隆耐性上具有重要作用。     

甜菜根腐病的发生及防治研究进展

甜菜根腐病是甜菜产区的主要病害之一,也是世界上较难防治的植物病害。为进一步研究甜菜根腐病有效的防治措施,综述了70余篇文献,特别是甜菜根腐病的症状、病原物、发病因素和防治措施的研究进展,发现有关甜菜根腐病症状类型描述及病原种群鉴定的研究比较系统,而关于发病因素和防治措施的研究还存在不足。今后还需进一步研究甜菜根腐病的发病因素,实现对甜菜根腐病的预测预报,从而科学地指导防治,继续挖掘甜菜根腐病拮抗菌群及完善生防制剂地制备和应用,充分发挥生物防治的作用。