药剂拌种防治大麦条纹病

用石灰水、粉锈宁、多菌灵,在大麦播种前分别对种子进行了浸种和拌种处理,最后经过防治效果的检查及产量的方差分析,其中粉锈宁防治大麦条纹病(Helminthosporium gramineum)效果最佳,石灰水次之,多菌灵最差。     

西南地区茶藨生柱锈重寄生菌的分离与鉴定

华山松疱锈病是华山松Pinus armandi最严重的病害之一.为了利用重寄生菌对华山松疱锈病进行生物防治,对其病原菌茶藨生柱锈Cronartium ribicola的重寄生菌进行了分离和鉴定.依据柯赫氏三原则对分离得到的真菌进行鉴定,得到茶藨生柱锈的重寄生菌链格孢Alternaria spp.,镰刀菌Fusarium spp.,棒束孢Isaria sp.,拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis sp.,木霉Trichoderma spp.及粉红单端孢Trichothecium roseum.经显微和超显微观察发现接种重寄生菌后锈孢子受到不同程度的破坏,且不同的重寄生菌对锈孢子有不同的作用方式.图3表4参15     

几个山羊草属物种抗条锈性在栽培小麦遗传背景中的表达

利用人工接种小麦条锈菌生理小种条中30和31,测定了9个山羊草属物种47个居群及其与感病小麦杂交F1植株的抗性。结果表明山羊草属物种对小麦条锈病的抗性程度有一定的差异,抗病山羊草居群与小麦杂交的40个组合的F1植株的抗性与其亲本比较,仅22个组合中山羊草的抗性完全表达,1个组合为部分表达,其余的17个组合中山羊草的抗性并未表达。而且山羊草的抗性表达和抑制与小麦的基因型密切相关,因而在小麦育种中,利用来自山羊草的抗条锈性时应选择易于抗性表达的小麦遗传背景作受体。     

马尾松瘤锈病与酚类物质关系的研究

对马尾松瘤锈病，健组织中酚类物质含量进行了生化分析，结果表明，病瘤木质部中总酚和缩合单宁含量均高于病树其它部位和健树木质部，距瘤越远酚类含量越低，病瘤韧皮部中，总酚和缩合单宁含量也明显高于对病树其它部位韧皮部，马尾松被瘤锈病菌侵染后，树干组织中酚类物质含量发生了变化，病组织总酚和缩合单宁含量均高于健康组织。     

太湖流域水稻地方品种抗条纹叶枯病资源的筛选

通过田间自发鉴定,对400份太湖流域水稻地方品种的条纹叶枯病抗性进行了鉴定,对其中3份未发病的品种进行了人工接虫鉴定,从中筛选出高抗条纹叶枯病的品种1份。试验结果还表明,对于抗条纹叶枯病水稻品种资源的筛选,人工接虫鉴定的结果比自发鉴定的更为可靠。     

Molecular Mapping of Two Novel Stripe Rust Resistant Genes YrTp1 and YrTp2 in A-3 Derived from Triticum aestivum × Thinopyrum ponticum

Loss of variety resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp.tritici) is an important factor causing massive periodical epidemic of rust in wheat production. Creation and development of new races of rust pathogen have led to serious crisis of resistance loss in widely planted varieties. This has quickened the search for new resistance resources. Molecular marker could facilitate the identification of the location of novel genes. A line A-3 with high resistance (immune) to currently epidemic yellow rust races (CY29, 31, 32) was screened out in offspring of Triticum aestivum × Thinopyrum ponticum. Segregation in F₂ and BC₁ populations indicated that the resistance was controlled by two independent genes: one dominant and one recessive. SSR markers were employed to map the two resistant genes in the F₂ and BC₁ populations. A marker WMC477-_167bp located on 2BS was linked to the dominant gene with genetic distance of 0.4 cM. Another marker WMC364-_{208 bp} located on 7BS was linked to the recessive-resistant gene with genetic distance of 5.8 cM. The two genes identified in this paper might be two novel stripe rust resistant genes, which were temporarily designated as YrTp1 and YrTp2, respectively. The tightly linking markers facilitate transfer of the two resistant genes into the new varieties to control epidemic of yellow rust.     

小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr45的表达序列标签-酶切扩增多态性(EST-CAPS)分析

为了获得与小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)抗叶锈基因Lr45更多的分子标记,建立更丰富的遗传连锁图谱,本研究利用表达序列标签-酶切扩增多态性(EST-CAPS)标记技术,选择小麦2A染色体短臂的26对EST引物与4种限制性内切酶共104对组合,对小麦抗叶锈近等基因系(near-isogenic line,NILs)TcLr45和感病对照Thatcher进行了多态性分析.EST引物BE426158与BE442876的PCR产物在亲本间存在差异,多态性检出率为7.7％; 104个引物/酶切组合中,CD454036/Msp Ⅰ、CD454036/HaeⅢ、BE406923/Msp Ⅰ和BE425962/RsaⅠ共4组在Thatcher和TcLr45之间呈现多态性,多态性检出率为3.8％.将BE426158标记成功转化为一个更稳定的序列标签位点(sequence tagged site,STS)标记,命名为LR45-1,经在TcLr45×ThatcherF2群体、抗叶锈近等基因系及黑麦品种中验证,LR45-1与Lr45连锁,遗传距离为8.2 cM.研究结果提示,EST-CAPS技术可应用于小麦抗叶锈病基因的多态性分析及分子标记的开发.     

15%三唑酮喷施次数对小麦条锈病的防治效果

小麦条锈病是小麦生产上的最主要病害之一,三唑酮在小麦条锈病防治上具有极好的控病增产作用,但随着其长期施用,在天水地区小麦生产上已出现抗药菌株,导致防效偏低。为了给小麦条锈病的科学防治和三唑酮的合理高效使用提供技术支撑,在甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所甘谷试验站以感病品种冬小麦新冬43号为指示品种,开展了15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂不同喷施次数对小麦条锈病的田间防效试验。试验结果表明,喷药次数对小麦条锈病的田间防效及指示品种的产量、千粒重、穗粒重有极显著的影响。与不喷药对照相比较,15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂药剂量1 200 g/hm2兑水675 kg喷施1次、喷施2次、喷施3次对小麦条锈病的田间终期防效分别为58.4%、83.6%、98.6%,折合产量分别为5 000.0、5 580.0、6 080.0 kg/hm2,较不喷药对照分别增产58.23%、76.58%、92.40%,千粒重分别提高15.5%、32.4%、38.5%,平均穗粒重分别提高7.6%、10.7%、12.2%。认为选用15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂在小麦条锈病防治达标期(病叶率达到10%)时对小麦进行喷雾防治,间隔7 d喷1次,连喷3次,可达到极好的控病增产效果,值得在小麦生产上推广应用。     

Accuracy of sonographic diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum using the enhanced peritoneal stripe sign in beagle dogs

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of estimating the smallest amount of abdominal free gas detectible in a large population of beagles by ultrasonography. Healthy dogs were randomly divided into three groups: group A that received 0.1 mL of air injected into the peritoneal cavity, group B that received 0.2 mL of air injected into the peritoneal cavity, and group C that received 0.5 mL of intraperitoneal air. Randomly, some dogs in each group did not receive air injection for the negative control. All ultrasonographic procedures were performed by individuals blinded to group assignments and the presence of intraperitoneal air. The minimum volume of consistently detectable air with good accuracy and reliability was 0.2 mL. Results of the study demonstrated that the enhanced peritoneal stripe sign (EPSS) can verify cases of pneumoperitoneum if more than 0.2 mL of intra-abdominal free gas is present The EPSS is a reliable and specific ultrasonographic characteristic for diagnosing pneumoperitoneum in dogs.