蜜蜂主要病虫害调查及防治试验报告

针对西方蜜蜂病虫害频繁发生的严竣形势，我们通过典型调查和引进高效低毒药物进行有目的地防治试验．共防治蜜蜂1021群，治愈951群，有皴率93．1％，取得了比较满意的效果。     

First report of the Q biotype ofBemisia tabaci in Japan by mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequence analysis

The recent upsurgence ofBemisia tabaci (Genn.) as an important insect pest and vector ofTomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is directly linked to serious damage to tomato crops grown throughout Japan. The molecular genetic identification and phylogenetic relationships of 12B. tabaci populations collected from representative locations in Japan were determined based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) sequence. Phylogenetic analysis of the whitefly mtCOI sequence indicated that both the invasive B and Q biotypes now occur in Japan. The Q biotype was found at four locations: Mihara in Hiroshima, Nishigoshi in Kumamoto, Miyanojo and Okuchi in Kagoshima prefectures; the remaining eight collections were identified as the B biotype. This is the first report of the introduction of Q biotype in Japan. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 21, 2006.     

甘肃省农田害鼠主要种类及区域分布的研究

近10年来甘肃省在全省48个县、区对农田害鼠进行了较系统的调查研究,明确了本省农田的主要害鼠有27种,隶属2目6科14属。根据动物地理区划原则,可将本省农田害鼠分布划分为4个生态区域。①陇东旱塬区,农田害鼠有15种,优势鼠种为中华鼢鼠和大仓鼠;②陇南阴湿山区,有12种,优势鼠种为中华鼢鼠、黑线仓鼠和黑线姬鼠;③中部干旱区,有10种,优势鼠种为达乌尔黄鼠、中华鼢鼠和褐家鼠;④河西走廊区,有10种,优势鼠种为黑线仓鼠、长爪沙鼠和五趾跳鼠。     

草坪害虫的发生特点及其防治方法

本文报道了草坪害虫的发生特点及其防治方法。     

甲酸乙酯对米象不同虫态的熏蒸作用

针对储粮害虫抗药性日趋严重、粮食熏蒸剂品种越来越少的现状,采用密闭熏蒸法,系统研究甲酸乙酯（EtF）在不同条件下对米象Sitophilus oryzae（L.）卵、低龄幼虫、高龄幼虫、蛹以及成虫的致死作用.在25℃条件下以40和45μL/L的药剂浓度处理米象成虫12h,其校正死亡率分别为90.541%和99.324%;以30μL/L的浓度在19、25和31℃下处理24h,校正死亡率分别为83.108%、62%和42%,表明甲酸乙酯具有良好的速效性,且在相对低温时比在相对高温时熏蒸效果好.在20、25和30℃条件下,熏蒸处理米象成虫24h,其LC50分别为25.094、28.650和30.875μL/L;处理48 h时则分别为23.101、25.805和27.316μL/L.30g/m^3的甲酸乙酯熏蒸处理米象卵、低龄幼虫、高龄幼虫和蛹24 h,对应死亡率为96.930%、99.333%、97.768%和93.386%,表明甲酸乙酯对米象低龄幼虫的熏蒸效果最好,蛹和卵对甲酸乙酯具有较高的耐药性.     

南方菜地辣椒主要病虫害综合防治技术

本文较为系统地总结了我国南方及长江中下游地区,辣椒秋延晚栽培的主要病虫害综合防治技术及其措施,坚持以农业防治和生物防治为主,化学防治为辅,生态调控与物理防治相结合,在无公害辣椒大面积生产中逐步实现病虫害的可持续治理。     

两种氮肥用量对超级稻产量性状和病虫害发生的影响

以6个超级杂交稻组合为材料,初步研究了两种氮肥用量条件下对水稻产量性状和病虫害发生的影响。结果表明,施纯氮360 kg/hm²与施纯氮180 kg/hm²相比,水稻单位面积的有效穗数增加,单株的每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重下降,1 hm²稻田减产6.2%～10.3%。氮肥施用量过高,造成水稻生育后期稻纵卷叶螟、褐飞虱、水稻纹枯病和烟煤病危害加重,尤其是易引起腐生性煤炱菌的滋长。     

我国外来林业有害生物发生现状及趋势分析

本文分析了我国外来林业有害生物的种类、发生危害状况、传播扩散特点以及对林业生产和生态的影响，并对未来的发生趋势进行了预测。     

陕北枣林病虫害生态调控复合模式的可行性分析

基于有害生物控制的原理,考虑陕北黄土高原环境特点和资源优势,结合国家退耕还林生态工程,提出乔木(枣树)—灌木—牧草(作物)—畜禽栽种养殖为一体作为陕北枣林病虫害生态调控的复合模式,并就其机制和可行性进行了较为深入的分析,对陕北红枣产业具有一定的实践指导意义。     

Diversity of methodologies to experiment Integrated Pest Management in arable cropping systems: Analysis and reflections based on a European network

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) aims to promote physical and biological regulation strategies that help farmers contain populations of pests (pathogens, animal pests and weeds) and to finally reduce the reliance on pesticides. It is based on the holistic combination of multiple management measures rather than on the sum of single methods, each of them having only small effects on pests reduction. Thus, to analyse the interactions between IPM measures and to evaluate the sustainability of their implementation, we require an approach considering the whole cropping system (CS), i.e. a functional entity whose complexity is more than the sum of its parts. A network of European experiments at the CS level was set up recently, and aimed at sharing data and expertise to enhance knowledge of IPM. Comparison of existing methodologies highlighted a diversity of CS designs and experimental layouts. We deduced that the concept of CS itself was viewed differently among scientists, and this affected experimental protocols. Other differences were related to the research context and objectives. Some experiments aimed to explore very innovative strategies and generated knowledge on both their effects on the agroecosystem and their ability to satisfy a set of performance targets, while others aimed to provide quickly adoptable solutions for local farmers in line with the current socio-economic constraints. In some research programmes, the experiment was part of the CS design process — and tested CS were regularly revised based on an continuous improvement loop — while in other cases CS were kept stable across years so as to enable the evaluation of their long-term cumulative effects. A critical aspect contributing to the diversity among CS experiments was the distinction between a factorial design of experimental CS and systemic approaches: factorial experiments allowed quantification of the effects of each IPM component regardless of the consistency between components defining the CS. In contrast, systemic approaches focused on the overall evaluation of CS designed with consideration of their consistency, hence maximising their ability to meet the objectives. Because CS experiments represent a huge investment in terms of economics and time, preliminary reflections of the relevance of the experimental strategy is of critical importance.