低比转数离心泵叶轮内流场重构与模态分析

针对传统离心泵水力性能优化设计的复杂性,提出采用本征正交分解-径向基函数（POD-RBF）混合代理模型方法对离心泵叶轮内流场进行重构分析。由三次Bezier曲线对低比转数离心泵二维叶片型线进行参数化控制,通过对叶片包角、进出口安放角等控制参数进行适量的扰动得到叶片型线的样本集。由叶片型线参数及叶轮CFD内流场数据构成样本的快照矢量集,根据几何相似及网格变形方法插值得到各相似节点的流场参数,依据本征正交分解法（POD）将快照集分解为一系列正交基的线性组合。由径向基函数（RBF）拟合目标叶型所对应的正交基系数,实现了对目标叶轮内流场的重构。采用POD-RBF方法对MH48-12.5型低比转数离心泵叶轮内流场进行了重构,其压力预测均方根误差为0.84%,速度预测误差基本在0.5m/s以内,流场预测所需时间约为CFD计算的1/240。对样本集进行POD基模态分析,得到了各阶基模态流场特征及能量分布特性。     

植物的AUX/IAA基因家族研究进展

AUX/IAA是生长素早期响应基因家族,其编码的蛋白质能通过与生长素响应因子特异性结合来调控生长素响应基因的表达,在整个植物生长素信号转导过程中具有重要作用。为了深入研究生长素信号转导分子机制,本文就AUX/IAA基因结构特征、组织表达特异性及其在植物生长发育中的功能作了介绍;为提高Aux/IAA基因的应用价值和进行分子水平改良植物物种提供依据。     

小麦杂交品种衡9966苗期耐盐性分析

以小麦杂交品种衡9966及其亲本良星99和良星66、济麦22为试验材料,分别设置盐胁迫浓度为0、0.3%、0.5%、1.0% NaCl对幼苗进行处理,15d后测定各项生理指标。结果表明,随着盐浓度的升高,4个小麦品种整株鲜重呈逐步下降趋势;叶片叶绿素含量在0.3%、0.5% NaCl浓度下上升,1.0% NaCl浓度下有所下降,但仍高于对照;丙二醛（MDA）含量及游离脯氨酸含量随盐浓度的增大逐步升高;抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性与对照相比均增大,但不同品种的变化趋势有所不同。隶属函数值分析结果表明,杂交后代衡9966耐盐性最好。     

Immune defense enzymes: Advances in L‐amino acid oxidase of marine animals

L‐amino acid oxidase (LAAO) is able to stereoselectively catalyse the deamination of L‐amino acids to α‐keto acids, ammonia and H₂O₂. It has been reported that this enzyme has biological functions including inhibition of bacteria and antiviral, anti‐parasitic and anti‐tumour activities. To date, marine animal LAAO are constantly being identified. L‐amino acid oxidase derived from marine animals has been purified for Sebastes schlegelii, Platichthys stellatus, Gadus morhua, Signanus oramin, Aplysia californica and some others. In this paper, we review the reported progress of research on marine animal LAAO, including basic characteristics, tissue distribution and biological function. We intended to provide a reference for the further study of LAAO in marine animals.     

辽宁地区玉米耗水量与产量的关系

为探讨生长季自然降水条件下水分状况对玉米产量的影响,利用锦州2011、2012年和2014年玉米分期播种试验数据和1981—2010年辽宁农业气象历史资料,研究干旱年份水分与玉米产量的定量关系。结果表明:玉米产量和总耗水量间呈二次抛物线的关系(R~2=0.793,F=105,P=0.0001,n=57),当耗水量达到400~600 mm时,玉米能够获得高产;玉米不同生育阶段需水量呈现抽雄~乳熟期拔节~抽雄期出苗~拔节期乳熟~成熟期播种~出苗期的变化规律,各阶段日耗水强度分别为5.75、4.78、2.36、1.84 mm·d~(-1)和1.35 mm·d~(-1)。在分析相对叶面积指数和相对作物系数关系的基础上,提出了作物水分胁迫系数的相对叶面积订正方法,建立了以Jenson模型为基础的玉米水分生产函数模型。     

非昆虫源人工饲料饲养的七星瓢虫对豆蚜的捕食功能

为评价非昆虫源人工饲料饲养七星瓢虫的捕食能力,在室内比较了用人工饲料饲养的七星瓢虫种群和蚜虫饲养的七星瓢虫种群对豆蚜捕食作用的异同。结果表明,两种七星瓢虫种群各虫态的捕食量均随着猎物密度的增加而上升,当猎物密度增加到一定水平,捕食量趋向稳定,捕食功能反应曲线均符合Holling Ⅱ型方程。人工饲料饲养种群的1～4龄幼虫、雌成虫和雄成虫的理论最大日捕食量分别是20.9、36.0、100.2、403.2、490.9和395.3头,蚜虫饲养种群的1～4龄幼虫、雌成虫和雄成虫的理论最大日捕食量分别是20.0、28.9、102.1、476.2、472.2和396.4头。结果说明两种种群各虫态对豆蚜的最大日捕食量差异不大,表明人工饲料饲养的七星瓢虫对豆蚜也有较强的控制作用。     

曼氏无针乌贼Phb2基因的克隆和其在不同生长阶段的表达分析

Phb2是抗增殖蛋白(Prohibitin)的一个亚型。本研究利用RACE技术首次获得了曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)Phb2基因的全长序列,该序列全长为1283 bp,其中5′非编码区(5′-UTR)150 bp,3′非编码区(3′-UTR)236 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)897 bp,预测编码298个氨基酸。序列分析表明,曼氏无针乌贼Phb2基因编码的蛋白无信号肽,第20~42位氨基酸为跨膜结构,包含1个PHB家族的结构域。采用荧光定量PCR技术检测其在曼氏无针乌贼不同生长时期(幼体、产卵前、产卵中、产卵后濒死前)各组织中的表达情况,结果显示,Phb2在4个时期的各组织中均有表达,其中,幼体和濒死前表达量较低,产卵前和产卵中的表达量则相对较高,在各时期中脑、肝表达较多。视腺作为与生殖调控有关的内分泌器官,其Phb2基因表达具有时期差异性,在产卵后的表达量由产卵时期的高表达大幅下降,说明Phb2具有周期调节、控制细胞衰老和凋亡的多效性功能。本研究结果可为进一步了解抗增殖蛋白对曼氏无针乌贼的抗衰老作用提供参考。     

Physical forcing on fish abundance in the southern California Current System

The California Current System (CCS) is an eastern boundary current system with strong biological productivity largely due to seasonal wind‐driven upwelling and transport of the California Current (CC). Two independent, yet complementary time series, CalCOFI ichthyoplankton surveys and sampling of southern California power plant cooling‐water intakes, have indicated that an assemblage of predominantly cool‐water affinity fishes spanning nearshore to oceanic environments in the southern CCS has declined dramatically from the 1970s to the 2000s. We examined potential oceanographic drivers behind this decline both within and north of the CalCOFI survey area in order to capture upstream processes as well. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses using output from a data‐assimilative regional ocean model revealed significant relationships between the fish time series and spatial patterns of upwelling, upper ocean heat content and eddy kinetic energy in the CCS. Correlation and linear regression analyses indicated that the declining trend in fish abundance was correlated with a suite of factors: reduced offshore and increased inshore upwelling; a long term warming trend combined with more recent interannual variability in ocean temperature; weaker eddy kinetic energy north of Point Conception (35°N), potentially indicating reduced transport of the California Current (CC); increased influence of the California Undercurrent (CUC); and a decline in zooplankton displacement volume across the southern CCS. Understanding how changes in oceanography affect fish populations will offer insights into managing fisheries in a changing climate.     

Improvement in recruitment of Japanese sardine with delays of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the Sea of Japan

To evaluate the impact of temporal variation of primary productivity on the recruitment of Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) in the Sea of Japan, the phenology of sea surface phytoplankton abundance was estimated from 8 day multiple satellite (SeaWiFS, MODIS‐Aqua, MERIS, and VIIRS) derived sea surface chlorophyll (SSChl) a concentrations from January 1998 to December 2015. Because relationships between SSChl a and in situ chlorophyll a concentrations were significantly different among periods based on the satellite combinations used, maximum and minimum SSChl a concentrations of 1 year were relativized as 1 and 0, respectively. Spatio‐temporal variation of relativized SSChl a concentrations was determined by using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. Scores in the first EOF mode denoted the basin‐scale variations of SSChl a concentrations in the Sea of Japan, and the major peak from the end of February to the end of May displayed the spring bloom. The logarithm of recruitment per spawner (LNRPS) for sardine was positively affected by delays in the start and end dates of the spring phytoplankton bloom. The delay of the date of the lowest sea surface temperature contributed to the delay of the end of the spring bloom during the period 1998–2015 and elevated the LNRPS during the period 1982–2015. Sardine spawns in the southern Sea of Japan from April to May, hence, delays of the spring bloom prolonged its overlap with sardine larval periods, and thus improved the recruitment of Japanese sardine in the Sea of Japan.     

茶叶花青素合成、调控及功能的研究进展

花青素是一类重要的多酚类物质,也是一种天然的抗氧化剂,具有调节血脂、抗癌、降压等作用。紫芽茶叶中花青素含量较丰富,因此相关特异品种逐渐受到消费者的青睐。本文基于国内外学者对花青素的研究现状,主要综述了茶树花青素的种类、生物合成、生理功能以及影响茶树花青素生物合成的其他内外因素等,以期为茶树花青素的开发利用提供理论依据。