寒冷地区温室型犊牛舍温热环境研究

为研究低温条件下温室型犊牛舍内的环境状况,研究分析了舍外平均气温为（-10±1）℃、（-15±1）和（-20±1）℃条件下,温室型犊牛舍的空气温度、相对湿度、气流速度和有害气体等指标。结果表明,当外界平均气温为（-10±1）、（-15±1）和（-20±1）℃时,犊牛舍内平均气温分别为6.7℃、2.1℃和-0.6℃,平均相对湿度分别为64.1%、59.5%和75.2%,气流速度分别为0.05m/s、0.04m/s和0.04m/s,CO2浓度分别为2434mg/m3、2512mg/m3和2528mg/m3,而犊牛舍空气中未检测出H2S和NH3。结果说明,在外界平均气温-20℃以上的天气条件下,保温良好、换气充分的温室型犊牛舍,其舍内的温热环境和空气质量环境完全可以满足哺乳犊牛需要。     

应用RFV评价鄂尔多斯荒漠草原优势牧草营养价值

将采自内蒙古鄂尔多斯地区的禾本科牧草3种、豆科牧草3种和菊科牧草3种分别于6月、7月和9月刈割晾干,共制得27个样本。通过应用饲料相对指数(RFV)进行综合评定可知:将6月、7月和9月分别刈割的同一品种牧草混合后,品质最好的为中苜2号,其次是沙打旺,再次是沙蒿,最差的是花棒;同种牧草不同刈割期比较可知:对于禾本科牧草来说,针茅、冰草和中苜2号在不同刈割期营养价值的大小顺序为6月7月9月;对于豆科牧草来说,花棒、沙打旺在不同刈割期营养价值的大小顺序为6月7月9月,但草木樨在不同刈割期营养价值的大小顺序则为6月9月7月;对于菊科牧草来说,沙蒿、猪毛蒿、籽蒿在不同刈割期营养价值的大小顺序为7月6月9月。     

南沙群岛重要珊瑚礁水域鱼类资源数量分布

1998年3—5月和1999年5—6月．采用手钓、延绳钓和流刺网3种作业方式在南沙群岛的渚碧、南薰、东门、美济、赤瓜、永署和华阳等7座珊瑚礁水域进行了2个航次的鱼类资源调查。结果表明,7座珊瑚礁水域不同作业方式的鱼类资源相对丰盛度差别较大,其中刺网以永暑礁最高,手钓以华阳礁最高,延绳钓以南薰礁最高;同时．刺网和手钓不同水深区域鱼类资源的相对丰盛度也不相同．其中刺网以11～30m区域最高．手钓以10m以浅和51～80m区域较高;分析认为,造成礁区之间鱼类相对丰盛度差异的主要原因不是初级生产力．而是生态环境因素,主要是礁盘形态和大型海藻的数量。另外．各礁区水域的优势类群有明显不同．这主要与洞穴的大小和数量、大型海藻及珊瑚的种类和数量等生物和非生物环境有关。     

中肋骨条藻的浓缩与长期保存技术的研究

实验表明:中肋骨条藻在0～10℃的低温保存60d的存活率达70%以上;并且在恢复生长时保持较高的比生长率,0～10℃是中肋骨条藻长期保存的最佳温度范围。     

Soil texture affects the conversion factor of electrical conductivity from 1:5 soil-water to saturated paste extracts

Electrical conductivity (EC) of soil-water extracts is commonly used to assess soil salinity. However, its conversion to the EC of saturated soil paste extracts (EC_e), the standard measure of soil salinity, is currently required for practical applications. Although many regression models can be used to obtain EC_e from the EC of soil-water extracts, the application of a site-specific model to different sites is not straightforward due to confounding soil factors such as soil texture. This study was conducted to develop a universal regression model to estimate a conversion factor (CF) for predicting EC_e from EC of soil-water extracts at a 1:5 ratio (EC_1:5), by employing a site-specific soil texture (i.e., sand content). A regression model, CF=8.910 5e^{0.010 6sand}/1.298 4 (r²=0.97, P < 0.001), was developed based on the results of coastal saline soil surveys (n=173) and laboratory experiments using artificial saline soils with different textures (n=6, sand content=10%-65%) and salinity levels (n=7, salinity=1-24 dS m^-1). Model performance was validated using an independent dataset and demonstrated that EC_e prediction using the developed model is more suitable for highly saline soils than for low saline soils. The feasibility of the regression model should be tested at other sites. Other soil factors affecting EC conversion factor also need to be explored to revise and improve the model through further studies.     

气候变化和人类活动对西南喀斯特地貌区植被NDVI变化相对作用

定量厘定气候变化和人类活动对西南喀斯特地貌区植被NDVI变化的相对作用,可为揭示喀斯特地貌区植被NDVI时空演变特征及其驱动机制提供依据。以MODIS NDVI、SRTM DEM、基于站点的气象数据为数据源,建立Theil-Sen Median斜率估计、残差分析、相对作用分析等多数学模型,分析了2001—2019年西南喀斯特地貌区气候变化和人类活动对植被NDVI变化的相对作用,揭示植被NDVI与降水、气温、相对湿度和日照时数的相关性。结果表明:研究时段内西南喀斯特地貌区植被NDVI总体上呈上升态势,植被NDVI变化趋势呈现明显的空间异质性,植被NDVI增加的区域面积远大于减少的区域面积; 研究区植被改善和植被退化均受人类活动的主导。研究时段内西南喀斯特地貌区植被NDVI与降水、气温以及相对湿度整体呈正相关,相关程度依次递减,与日照时数呈负相关。综上可知,研究时段内西南喀斯特地貌区植被覆盖呈改善态势,人类活动可被认为是影响西南喀斯特地貌区植被NDVI变化的主要驱动力,植被NDVI与降水、气温、相对湿度和日照时数的相关系数在空间上呈现明显的异质性。     

Time dependence of hydraulic parameters estimation from transient analysis of mini disc infiltrometer measurements

The transient analysis of mini disc infiltrometer (MDI) measurements is an established method for characterising near-surface hydraulic characteristics of soils. The reliability of hydraulic characteristics obtained from transient analysis depends on the (1) adequacy of model, (2) adequacy of data, (3) measurement time and (4) measurement footprint. The measurement time dependence recommendations are reported only for a few soil textures, initially wet samples and tension infiltrometer (TI) with a higher measurement footprint than the MDI. This study investigated the adequacy of infiltration data (using cumulative linearization [CL] and differentiated linearization [DL]) and measurement time influence on the hydraulic parameters determined from the transient analysis of MDI measurements for six soil textures. The objective of the study is to identify suitable MDI measurement durations for different soil textures for the initially dry state, considering both adequacy of data and time fractionation (measurement time influence). The data adequacy time obtained from the DL (T_DL) was found to be 0.8 times less than the value obtained from CL (T_CL). The marginal difference in T_DL and T_CL had a significant influence on the determination of infiltration equation coefficient C₁ and negligible influence on coefficient C₂. The time fractionation procedure adopted for identifying adequate MDI measurement time (T_m) was found to be comparable based on sorptivity (S₀) and hydraulic conductivity (K₀). The average T_m was also comparable with T_DL and T_CL with a strong positive correlation. The C₂ values obtained based on T_m, T_DL, and T_CL were in better agreement than the corresponding C₁ values. The adequate MDI measurement times identified by considering T_m, T_DL, and T_CL were texture dependent, ranging from 45 min for silt to 120 min for silt loam and silty clay loam. For loamy sand, it was 50 min; for sand, it was 70 min, followed by 60 min for loam.     

不同工艺参数对竹造纸固剩物/漂珠复合板性能的影响

[目的]研究不同工艺参数（竹造纸固剩物粒度、固剩物与漂珠配比、板材厚度）对复合板材各种性能的影响.[方法]采用正交试验设计,利用竹造纸固剩物和漂珠制造复合板材,并通过对力学性能和导热系数的测定,探讨固剩物粉末粒度、固剩物与漂珠配比、板材厚度对板材性能的影响.[结果]随着粒度和板材厚度的增大,板材的物理力学性能MOE、24hTS呈现下降趋势;随着配比的增大,MOR、MOE增大,24hTS减小.[结论]最佳工艺为固剩物粒度为20～40目、固剩物与漂珠配比为8∶2、板材厚度为14 mm时,此时板材的各种性能达到最优.     

电导法对32个辣椒品种组合抗寒性的测定及配合力分析

为了比较辣椒品种的抗寒性,以32个线椒杂交组合为试材,在人工气候箱下进行低温处理,应用电导法测定叶片相对电导率(REC)。通过Logistic曲线方程拟合求出拐点温度(即半致死温度)(LT50),作为各试材抗寒性评价的参考指标,并将32个线椒组合的半致死温度(LT50)进行比较。结果表明:随处理温度的降低,相对电导率不断升高,变化过程呈"S"型曲线。32个线椒组合抗寒性顺序依次为:H2H13≈H28H31≈H1≈H23H24H26H30H8H27≈H19H5≈H12H21H3H18H15≈H14H22H17H7≈H29H4H11H10≈H16H20H6H9H25H32。配合力分析表明,相对电导率的GCA效应值以亲本P1和P2最低,SCA效应值以P1×P2最低。     

油茶叶片相对电导率与其养分含量的关系

为探求提供一种简捷实用的林木养分测定方法.以油茶为对象,采用常规养分分析和电导率法,分别测定油茶叶片样品的N、P、K养分含量及其相对电导率,建立其相对电导率与养分含量的相关模型,并探索利用根据测定样品的电导率,来快速获得该样品的养分含量.结果表明,油茶叶片样品相对电导率与N、P、K养分含量相关性良好,且均遵循多项式拟合模型,经验证,该预测模型精度达90％以上.