基于地轮仿形的收割机二层割刀改进研究

针对秸秆全量还田对收割留茬的要求,分析大型全喂入联合收割机改制二层割刀的可行性,设计了一种基于地轮仿形的收割机二层割刀。该套装置采用地轮仿形,实现了留茬高度一致,控制留茬高度低于25 cm。该结构实现了秸秆全量还田的要求,降低了收割机脱粒分离负荷,减少了一遍秸秆粉碎作业程序,在提高作业效率和质量的同时,合理降低了农机作业成本。     

Optimization of an oxygen-based approach for community-level physiological profiling of soils

Current approaches for rapid assessment of carbon source utilization by whole soil communities (i.e., community-level physiological profiling or CLPP) provide a limited, biased view of microbial communities with little connection to in situ activities. We developed an alternative CLPP approach based upon fluorometric detection of dissolved oxygen consumption in a microtiter platform which offers flexible manipulation of experimental factors. In the attempt to reduce oxygen re-dissolution, the wells were filled with liquid to very near the top and sealed. We found that filling the wells with 240 vs. 150 μl of sample improved the sensitivity of the system to discern both the response to a substrate amendment as low as 10 mg l⁻¹ and un-amended, endogenous respiration. The preparation of a soil slurry facilitates inoculation into the microplate. Disruption of soil samples had a limited effect on the endogenous respiration in comparison to intact soil microbags in a 24-well microplate. Storage time (up to 33 days) reduced the level of activity in intact soil microbags but not in disrupted samples. A microcosm fertilization experiment was set to study the effects of N availability on the respiratory response in the plates. The use of soil organic carbon (SOC) and amended C-substrates (50 mg l⁻¹) was increased by the addition of nitrogen (N) in the plate, and appeared N-limited shortly after microcosm fertilization. The addition of the eukaryotic inhibitor cycloheximide delayed the initial increase in fluorescence (time to minimum response) of several C sources (casein, acetate, asparagine, coumaric acid), varying among soils, which could be explained by the fungal use of these compounds. However, the extent of the inhibition caused by cycloheximide did not increase at higher fungal to bacteria ratios as estimated by PLFA analysis, indicating that the direct estimation of the fungal biomass from cycloheximide addition is not feasible. This paper provides an optimized, standardized protocol for soil analysis, and sets the basis for further validation studies that will continue to define the underlying capabilities/biases of this approach.     

Assessment of genetic diversity in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)

AFLP technique was applied to assess genetic diversity among 44 common bean accessions that included 6 exotic accessions, 15 Indian land races and 23 released varieties. Eight AFLP primer pairs were used that produced 820 products of which 698 were polymorphic (85.12%). Wide variations were observed among all the accessions for the number of amplification products, percent polymorphism and average polymorphism information content (PIC). The Jaccard's similarity indices (J) based on the AFLP profiles were subjected to UPGMA cluster analysis. The dendrogram generated revealed seven major groups. Seventeen out of 23 released varieties were restricted to clusters VI and VII. The value of r = 0.934 in Mantel's test for cophenetic corrlelation applied to the cluster analysis indicated the high fitness of the accessions to a group. The germplasm used in the present study had narrow genetic base, although moderate to high genetic diversity was observed. The details of diversity analysis and the potential use of Indian common bean accessions in common bean breeding programme are provided in the present study.     

融合2D激光雷达与航向姿态参考系统的采茶机仿形方法研究与试验

为推动大宗茶机械化采收,提升大宗茶鲜叶采收效率与质量,针对目前仿形采茶机感知传感器易受接触作用力、自然光照或茶蓬面叶片间隙影响,提出了融合2D激光雷达与航向姿态参考系统(Attitude and heading reference system,AHRS)的采茶机割刀仿形距离估计方法,在此基础上,设计并研制精度验证试验台与自动仿形采茶样机,分别开展了室内与田间试验。采茶机采用2D激光雷达测量采茶机割刀仿形距离信息,为提升测距精度与实时性,结合AHRS感知的加速度信息,提出了融合2D激光雷达测距与加速度信息(Fusion of2D-LiDAR ranging and acceleration,FLRA)的采茶机割刀仿形距离估计算法,并研制了算法精度验证装置和方法,验证了算法有效性。室内试验结果表明,算法处理前仿形距离测距误差均值为36.53 mm,标准差为23.21 mm,算法处理后仿形距离估计误差均值为8.56 mm,标准差为6.31 mm,算法处理后的输出数据延迟更小,提升了仿形距离测距精度与实时性。田间试验表明,鲜叶采收效率达180～210 kg·h^-1,割刀...     

2BMJ-7型高速气吸式原茬精密播种机的研制

针对目前保护性耕作中垄作免耕播种机技术不完善的问题,研制了2BMJ-7型高速气吸式原茬精密播种机。介绍了该机的整机结构、主要特点及主要技术参数,并对该机采用的关键技术进行了研究。该机采用了电液自控仿形、种肥电子监测和分层精量施肥等先进技术,能一次完成破茬、开沟施肥、播种和覆土镇压等项作业,较好地满足了东北地区原茬精密播种技术的发展需要。     

俯仰式播种单体仿形性能检测试验台设计与试验

为解决播种单体仿形机构性能难以检测的问题,设计了俯仰式播种单体仿形性能检测试验台。阐述了试验台组成结构与工作原理,对其高速传动系统、液压升降系统、监控系统以及关键部件参数进行设计。应用ANSYS软件对台架整体和关键部件进行静力学分析和模态分析,验证结构设计的合理性。为检验俯仰式播种单体仿形性能检测试验台的实际检测效果,以德邦大为1205型牵引式免耕精量播种机播种单体为研究对象,先以液压杆伸出量与传送带速度为试验因素,以监控系统误差为评价指标进行试验。试验得出,在液压杆伸出量为0～200 mm范围内,监控系统角度传感器最大误差为0.69 mm;在传送带速度8～19 km/范围内,光电编码器最大误差为0.18 km/h。确认监控系统准确性后,再以单体速度为试验因素,采集速度8、10、12 km/h下地块的起伏数据为目标曲线,以地形起伏模拟曲线的绝对误差平均值为指标进行单因素试验,试验得出,所设计的试验台可有效模拟田间地面的起伏频率与起伏量,绝对误差平均值为1.86 mm,满足播种单体仿形性能检测需求。     

To sea or not to sea? Multiple lines of evidence reveal the contribution of non‐diadromous recruitment for supporting endemic fish populations within New Zealand's longest river

相似文献