辽宁小麦种植方式现状及发展

目前辽宁省以小麦为前茬的麦复粮油菜种植技术有了很大的发展，８０：８０、８０：１００、８０：１２０的米麦间复套种成为主要的种植方式。为了争取农时并获得全年增产，应改革播种技术，解决间复套种与农业机械的配合问题。今后还应加强复种技术的研究，加强中早熟作物品种的选育工作，以解决辽宁省麦粮复种下茬作物产量较低的问题。     

Light, temperature and burial depth effects on Rumex obtusifolius seed germination and emergence

Trials were carried out to investigate the effects of light and temperature on germination of Rumex obtusifolius L. After several months of storage, seeds gradually lost dormancy and became photosensitive. Thermal optima for germination were between 20 °C and 25 °C in light or in darkness. At lower temperatures there was a greater demand for light, so that the greatest differences in germination percentage (between low and high temperatures) were found within the 10–15 °C temperature range. The calculated thermal minima ( x -intercept method) in light and darkness were 8.3 °C and 6.1 °C respectively. Daily temperature fluctuation increased germination even after seed irradiation with far-red light, suggesting a lower demand for the far-red-absorbing form of phytochrome. Seed burial inhibited germination in proportion to depth; however, germination inhibition was independent of seed phytochrome photo-equilibrium, which had been diversified by seed pretreatment with light. Seedlings did not emerge when seeds were buried >8 cm deep. Recovery of ungerminated seeds showed that excessive burial did not impede seedling emergence but rather prevented seed germination. However, this induction of dormancy was lost once germination processes were activated (24–48 h at 20 °C) that made germination irreversible. Temperature was also involved in inhibition, and low temperature (<15 °C) induced the least inhibition. This is discussed in terms of processes of respiration and fermentation in buried seeds.     

两种灌溉方式下的梭梭造林试验

通过对梭梭畦灌和沟灌造林的土壤水分状况、三年来的成活率、新枝生长量和株高生长状况的调查,以及体内水分平衡状况的测定,试验表明,营造固沙林畦灌比沟灌要好,而沟灌正是造林的主要方式,指出在造林第三年以后必须注意灌溉质量,应增加灌溉量以满足大龄苗木的生长需要。     

湖南早稻的增产潜力与发展对策

分析了湖南早稻生产滑坡的原因，并从品种（组合）和栽培技术方面分析了湖南早稻的增产潜力及提出了今后发展的对策。     

种植牧草改良盐碱化草地试验研究

针对近年来羊草草地利用不合理,载畜量过大,出现不同程度退化和盐碱化的问题。为改善草地植物生存条件,对退化、盐碱化草地进行了种草改良试验研究。结果表明,种植4种牧草后均改善了土壤养分状况,均增加土壤中的氮、磷和钾,其中敖汉苜蓿效果最佳,总氮和速效氮含量分别增加0.50%和31.91mg/kg,土壤中全磷和速效磷含量分别增加0.252%和11.33mg/kg,土壤中速效钾含量增加24.37mg/kg。含盐量和pH均有不同程度降低,最佳是碱茅,含盐量和pH分别下降0.058和0.9,其次为军需1号野大麦,含盐量和pH分别下降0.04和0.74。适应性强,抗旱、抗寒、耐盐碱,产量高、品质好。     

接种高效根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿—禾本科混播组合生产性能的影响

利用筛选的高效根瘤菌接种紫花苜蓿,分别与高羊茅、无芒雀麦及1年生黑麦草混播。与对照相比,接种高效根瘤菌后,紫花苜蓿-高羊茅混播组合中苜蓿干草增产17.0%,高羊茅增产15.1%,总计增产16.3%;紫花苜蓿-无芒雀麦混播组合中紫花苜蓿增产14.0%,无芒雀麦增产51%,总生物量增产20.5%;紫花苜蓿-1年生黑麦草混播组合中,紫花苜蓿增产7.6%,1年生黑麦草干草产量比对照增产4.8%,总生物量增产6.8%。从LER(Land equivalent ratio)和CR(Competitive ratio)变化看,接种高效根瘤菌有利于提高LER值和禾本科作物的CR值。     

Effects of lodging of Echinochloa crus-galli L. on the herbicidal efficacy of MTB-951, a mycoherbicide using Drechslera monoceras (Drechsler) Subram. et Jain (= Exserohilum monoceras [Drechsler] Leonard et Suggs)

MTB-951 is a plant pathogen ( Drechslera monoceras ), which was isolated from native Echinochloa spp. in Japan. The conidia of this pathogen were used as the herbicidal active ingredient to control Echinochloa crus-galli L. The herbicidal efficacy of MTB-951 on E. crus-galli was drastically increased with an increasing water depth of between 1 and 10 cm. The efficacy also was increased when shoots were lodged by pushing down on them with a stainless steel net so that all parts of the weed were submerged. These results suggest that the contact area of the leaf surface of E. crus-galli with water is important for infection and that lodging the shoots of E. crus-galli might be effective in increasing the herbicidal efficacy. In order to find other methods to lodge the weed, we investigated several materials, of which diisononyl phthalate (DINP) was found to be the most effective. Using this material as a model, the effect of lodging on the herbicidal efficacy of MTB-951 was examined. The lodging ratio (ratio of the number of the plants lodged on the water surface to that of the total plants) was increased with an increased amount of DINP, between 0.5 and 8 kg ha⁻¹. The herbicidal efficacy of MTB-951 also was increased by DINP and a positive correlation was observed between the lodging ratio and herbicidal efficacy. These results indicate that lodging, which can increase the contact area between the leaf surface and water, enhances the herbicidal efficacy of MTB-951.     

Effects of ages of plug transplants and planting depths on the growth and yield of sweetpotato

Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cv. Beniazuma] plug transplants produced from single node leafy cuttings under artificial light in a closed-type growth chamber were planted with roots and substrate of 11- and 15-day old (ca. two to three unfolded leaves with 0.08 m shoot length and three to four unfolded leaves with 0.11 m shoot length, respectively). The plug transplants of both the 11- and 15-day old were planted with one and three nodes depth (ca. 4 and 25 mm deep, respectively) inside the soil ridges (called one- and three-node depth, respectively, hereafter). The conventional vine cuttings (ca. 0.3 m long with seven to eight unfolded leaves) without roots were planted as Control treatment to compare the growth and yield of sweetpotato with each of the treatments of plug transplant. The main objectives of the study were to see the effects of ages of plug transplants and depths of planting for greater growth and yield of sweetpotato in the field. The yield of storage roots 115 days after planting in the field was 33 t ha⁻¹ when using 15-day old plug transplants planted with three-node depth and was 10 t ha⁻¹ greater than that in the Control. The mean storage root length was about 259 mm when using 11-day old plug transplants planted with three-node depth and was 33 mm greater than that in the Control. The mean diameter of storage roots was 70 mm when using 11- and 15-day old plug transplants planted with one-node depth and was 21 mm greater than that in the Control. The plug transplants planted either 11- or 15-day old showed greater overall performances than those of the conventional cuttings. The plug transplants planted with three-node depth showed greater performances than did the plug transplants planted with one-node depth.     

黔北地区柰李丰产优质栽培技术研究

历经8年(1999-2006年)对‘柰李‘的结果特性进行观察,提出采用高标准建园、配方施肥、合理修剪、保果疏果、防治病虫害和适时采收等配套栽培技术,并把此项技术运用于大面积生产上,取得了良好的效果.     

应用草坪生态系统于城市生态建设的思考

通过对作为生态城市的重要子系统--草坪生态系统的含义及其生态效益的认识,提出一些有利城市生态建设的种草新模式,并对应用草坪生态系统于城市生态建设过程中存在的一些问题进行探讨.