不同粒叶比小麦品种非叶片光合器官光合特性的研究

通过测定两个不同粒叶比小麦品种Lu 22和Lu 14叶片和非叶片光合器官叶绿素含量、光合速率及叶绿素荧光参数，探讨了非叶光合器官光合特性的差异。结果表明，高粒叶比品种Lu 22各部位的叶绿素含量均高于低粒叶比品种Lu 14，特别是在衰老后期，Lu 22能维持较高的叶绿素含量；在叶片叶绿素含量及光合速率明显下降时，非叶片光合     

盐分胁迫对油菜碳酸酐酶活性的影响

对盐胁迫下油菜光合作用、碳酸酐酶活性和叶绿素含量的变化进行了研究。结果表明,随着盐浓度的提高,碳酸酐酶活性下降,油菜的光合速率降低,叶绿素含量先增加后减少。这说明,盐胁迫抑制了碳酸酐酶的活性,不同程度地破坏了植物的光合机构,气孔关闭,碳酸酐酶对光合作用的调控作用使得碳酸酐酶活性降低的同时光合速率也下降;盐胁迫下植物叶片中叶绿素含量下降,其主要原因是由于NaCl能增强叶绿素酶活性,促进叶绿素分解。     

光合细菌的特性及其在废水处理中的应用

本文系统综述了光合细菌的生理生化特征,并介绍了光合细菌法在废水处理中的应用和研究进展.     

大果沙棘杂交后代果实主要成分遗传变异倾向研究

本文以黑龙江省绥棱浆果研究所选育的"楚伊×蒙优1"、"楚伊×蒙优2"、"楚伊×蒙优3"、"楚伊×蒙优4"、"HS-21×蒙优1"、"HS-22×阿列伊"、"绥1×蒙优7"和"HS-20×阿列伊"8个大果沙棘杂交组合为研究对象,对杂交后代果实中糖、酸和黄色素成分的遗传变异倾向进行了初步研究.结果表明:以蒙古沙棘系列雄株为父本的杂交组合后代果实中糖含量呈低亲变异的趋向,以阿列伊为父本的杂交组合后代果实中糖含量在一定程度上呈高亲变异倾向.阿列伊作为父本优于蒙古沙棘系列雄株."高糖"母本楚伊杂交组合的F1代株系果实中糖含量均呈现出衰退趋势.8个沙棘杂交组合后代果实中酸含量呈现一定程度的高亲变异."HS-21×蒙优1"杂交组合后代果实中酸含量变异广泛.8个沙棘杂交组合后代果实中黄色素含量一定程度上亦呈高亲变异倾向.在"楚伊×蒙优4"杂交组合后代中进行选择,获得超亲株系的几率最大.     

籼粳亚种杂交组合的结实率与光合产物供给水平及转运效率间的关系

通过剪除部分颖花和部分功能叶片以及~(14)CO_2标记光合产物等处理,探讨了亚种组合结实率偏低的生理原因。结果证明:光合产物供给水平是制约亚种组合结实率的一个十分重要的因素。虽然亚种组合的叶面积指数和单株叶面积比常规籼稻大得多,但由于每穗颖花数多。以至每朵颖花占有的叶面积并无明显优势,且其光合速率低于常规籼稻,因而分配给每朵颖花的光合产物量相对减少,限制了部分颖花的发育。~(14)C光合产物分配到穗部的比率不但不低于常规籼稻,而且比其略高,说明亚种组合输导组织的运输能力不是结实率偏低的限制因素。     

播期对花生光合性能与产量影响的研究

以青花5号花生品种为材料,在田间地膜覆盖栽培条件下,系统研究了不同播期对花生光合性能和产量的影响。结果表明:不同播期对花生功能叶片光合性能和产量均有显著影响,叶面积系数、叶绿素SPAD值、净光合速率、产量均以4月30日和5月10日播种的较高,过早和过晚播种均不利于功能叶片光合性能和产量的提高。研究认为,在本试验条件下,5月上旬是花生获得高产的最佳播期。     

蓝靛果忍冬色素提取工艺的研究

以蓝靛果忍冬果实为原料,进行了天然色素提取工艺研究。结果表明:蓝靛果忍冬色素最佳的提取工艺条件为:提取剂采用无水乙醇效果较好,用量为35mL;提取pH 3、最适合的提取温度为80℃、60min为最佳的提取时间。     

Determination of Moisture Deficit and Heat Stress Tolerance in Corn Using Physiological Measurements and a Low‐Cost Microcontroller‐Based Monitoring System

In the southern United States, corn production encounters moisture deficit coupled with high‐temperature stress, particularly during the reproductive stage of the plant. In evaluating plants for environmental stress tolerance, it is important to monitor changes in their physical environment under natural conditions, especially when there are multiple stress factors, and integrate this information with their physiological responses. A low‐cost microcontroller‐based monitoring system was developed to automate measurement of canopy, soil and air temperatures, and soil moisture status in field plots. The purpose of this study was to examine how this system, in combination with physiological measurements, could assist in detecting differences among corn genotypes in response to moisture deficit and heat stress. Three commercial hybrids and two inbred germplasm lines were grown in the field under irrigated and non‐irrigated conditions. Leaf water potential, photosynthetic pigments, cell membrane thermostability (CMT) and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were determined on these genotypes under field and greenhouse conditions. Variations observed in air and soil temperatures, and soil moisture in plots of the individual corn genotypes helped explain their differences in canopy temperature (CT), and these variations were reflected in the physiological responses. One of the commercial hybrids, having the lowest CT and the highest CMT, was the most tolerant among the genotypes under moisture deficit and heat stress conditions. These results demonstrated that the low‐cost microcontroller‐based monitoring system, in combination with physiological measurements, was effective in evaluating corn genotypes for drought and heat stress tolerance.     

葡萄叶片光合速率日间降低内外因调控的研究

土壤水分充足时,葡萄日间光合速率的下降主要归因于CO2叶肉阻力的升高;光照、叶温和大气湿度可以影响气孔对CO2的阻力,但主要通过影响叶肉阻力来影响光合速率。‘巨峰’和‘长相思’葡萄具有不同的光合作用光响应曲线及其特征参数。     

黄土高原芨芨草光合与蒸腾作用的初步研究

对芨芨草叶片的生理生态特性进行了初步分析,结果表明,1)芨芨草叶片光合速率日进程受环境影响,在不同时期差异较大,6、7月呈双峰曲线,8月和9月,光合速率则呈单峰曲线;芨芨草蒸腾速率和气孔导度日进程在整个生育期内基本上呈单峰曲线。2)回归分析和相关分析表明,不同时期对芨芨草叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度起决定性作用的环境因子不同,而在整个生育期它们三者之间都存在着极显著的正相关关系。