知识服务能力对高校图书馆知识服务平台用户使用意愿影响研究

[目的/意义] 高校图书馆知识服务平台的普及不仅依赖于技术的先进性,用户的使用意愿和使用态度也至关重要。[方法/过程]本文以技术接受模型为理论基础,构建高校图书馆知识服务平台使用意愿影响因素的研究模型,重点考察知识服务能力对高校图书馆知识服务平台用户使用意愿的影响,通过问卷调查方式获取有关数据,运用AMOS软件对提出的模型和相应的假设进行验证。[结果/结论]感知易用性显著影响感知有用性,直接对使用态度产生正向影响,感知有用性对使用态度的影响不大,与使用态度与感知有用性相比,用户感知高校图书馆知识服务能力对使用意愿的影响较大。该研究指出了高校图书馆知识服务平台未来发展的方向,以期能提升用户平台使用率。     

知识地图--知识管理的有效工具

知识地图是知识管理系统中一个十分重要的工具，它能够使信息共享者在浩如烟海的信息中快速找到自己所需要的部分，及时准确地做出决策。本文通过对知识地图的概念、功能、设计原则等问题的阐述说明了知识地图的建立是知识管理实施的基础，它的作用是规划知识管理方案并推动知识管理的实践。     

农村社区知识共享对农户农资品牌转换的影响 ———知识共享主体特征的调节效应研究

从当前农户频繁转换农资品牌现象出发,立足农村社区的特定环境,结合知识共享和顾客品牌转换等相关理论,构建了农村社区中知识共享对农户农资品牌转换作用机理模型,并基于山东省寿光市和湖北省仙桃市共203户农户的调查资料进行实证检验.结果显示,农资产品的内部线索知识共享显著正向影响农户的感知价值,农户的感知价值显著正向影响农户的品牌转换意愿;调节效应方面,发送者的专业能力起正向调节作用,接受者的涉入度起负向调节作用;不同类型知识共享主体的分享对农户感知价值的影响有显著差异.     

Tracking Change: Traditional Knowledge and Monitoring of Wildlife Health in Northern Canada

Traditional Knowledge (TK) is increasingly valued in long-term monitoring of wildlife health, particularly in northern Canada where Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) may represent a threat to valued caribou and moose populations. This article presents comparative research results (1998–2002 and 2010) about caribou and moose health based on research with ?utsël K’é First Nation, Northwest Territories (Canada). Elders’ knowledge, harvester observations, harvest data and consumption data indicate a decline in the availability of barren ground caribou and range shifts of both caribou and moose during the study period. An anomalous sighting of a white tailed deer near the community, coupled with moderate community concerns about CWD would suggest the need for greater monitoring of wildlife health. As resources for scientific monitoring become limited, the article suggests how northern Indigenous communities can use their own knowledge (TK) to monitor changes in arctic ecosystems.     

Where have all the sawfishes gone? Perspectives on declines of these Critically Endangered species in Sri Lanka

1. All five species of sawfishes (family Pristidae) are amongst the most threatened marine fishes in the world, with steep population declines and local extinctions documented across their ranges.
2. Sawfishes have featured in Sri Lankan species checklists since 1889. However, landing records are extremely rare and little information is available on their status, diversity, and recent occurrences.
3. Interviews were conducted with 300 fishers and 10 fish traders. Only 39% of fishers (n = 118) could identify sawfishes, 37% had seen sawfishes (although half not since 1992), and only 10.7% had ever caught one. No respondents under 30 years could identify sawfishes. Older respondents (>50 years) were more likely to have caught sawfishes and reported seeing them frequently until 30 years ago, while younger respondents had only seen them at landing sites and, at most, once or twice in their life. Only 10 respondents had seen a sawfish in the last decade, suggesting that sawfishes were relatively abundant in the past but that populations have drastically declined.
4. Of the 32 respondents who had caught sawfishes, 30 reported declining numbers and attributed it to fishing pressure. These steep declines coincide with the time of increased fishing effort, the development of the aquaculture industry, and resulting degradation of coastal habitats in the 1980–1990s.
5. Overall, sawfishes had little cultural significance although fishers had specific names for the different species occurring here and rostra were sometimes donated to Catholic churches for ‘good luck’. Landed sawfishes were primarily sold for meat and traders appeared unaware of the high value of fins.
6. It is likely that sawfishes are now functionally extinct as a component of coastal ecosystems in Sri Lanka. Immediate action including species-specific legislation and critical habitat protection is urgently needed to provide remaining sawfishes and other sharks and rays with a fighting chance.

     

基于机构知识库的校企信息资源交流平台的构建与实现

以东北电力大学为例,分析了校企共建机构知识库的背景和意义。校企共建机构知识库应以高校特色重点学科为基础,以企业科研和生产实践为辅,结合高校图书馆馆藏资源,搭建校企信息资源共享交流平台,开展基于机构知识库的面向企业的知识服务。构建信息交流空间,开展个性化知识服务,充分发挥学科馆员在知识服务中的作用,是实现为企业进行知识服务的方法和途径。     

泛在知识环境下的高校图书馆信息共享空间的构建研究——以哈尔滨工程大学图书馆为例

泛在知识环境是图书馆发展的方向和目标,是一种全新的知识环境。哈尔滨工程大学图书馆顺应时代发展的需要,构建符合自身特点的信息共享空间,是图书馆服务模式的新探索。文章以黑龙江工业学院图书馆为研究对象,通过可行性分析,提出了哈尔滨工程大学图书馆信息共享空间的构建方案,及建设中应注意的问题。     

Why do forest owners fail to heed warnings? Conflicting risk evaluations made by the Swedish forest agency and forest owners

In the aftermath of a hurricane in Sweden that felled some 250 million trees, the Swedish Forest Agency advised forest owners to reduce forest vulnerability by planting different tree species. This paper analyses why forest owners failed to heed the Forest Agency's recommendation, thereby reproducing a forest vulnerable to storms. This paper focuses on the deliberations and risk evaluations of forest owners when deciding which tree species to plant. The analysis identifies three main categories of reasoning that guided the forest owners' decision-making process: short-term economic reasoning caused by the pressing situation they faced; an understanding of windstorms as natural catastrophes that are impossible to influence; and the uncertainties associated with alternative forest management practices. Furthermore, given their risk-averse strategy, their approach to understanding and coping with uncertainty was crucial in determining their responses. This paper concludes that the forest owners primarily employed experience-based, practical and embodied knowledge, implying that abstract risks and theoretical knowledge regarding future developments were not deemed relevant. An additional conclusion is that even if a huge storm felling shows the need to change forest management practice, it does not provide the most favourable social conditions for achieving change.     

Collaborative development of a semantic wiki on forest management decision support

Semantic wikis support collaboratively editing, categorising, interlinking and retrieving web pages for a group of experts working in a certain domain. The use of semantic technologies allows the expression of wiki content in a more structured way, which increases its potential use. This contribution presents an overview of the development process towards a semantic wiki related to a repository of forest decision support systems, including models, methods and data used, as well as case studies and lessons learned. An international group of experts took part in the conceptualisation of the semantic wiki (i.e. identification of wiki properties and forms), provided content and developed queries to analyse the information gathered. The resulting ForestDSS wiki gives an overview of the current use, development and application of forest decision support systems worldwide. Based on the experiences gathered during the process, some challenges are reported and conclusions on further developments are made.     

测定土壤硝态氮的紫外分光光度法与其他方法的比较

使用酚二磺酸法、还原蒸馏法、镀铜镉还原．重氮化偶合比色法和改进紫外分光光度法（校正因数法）测定了中国9种不同类型土壤的硝态氮含量，分析了改进紫外分光光度法与其余三种测定方法的差异及其适用性。统计分析表明对于有机质含量低于50g kg^-1的矿质土壤，可以使用2．2作为校正因数，四种分析方法的测定值具有极显著的相关性，尤其是紫外分光光度法与酚二磺酸法的测定结果最为接近，没有极显著差异；对于有机质含量接近和高于50g kg^-1的土壤，校正因数还需要修改。紫外分光光度法具有操作简单、测定速度快等优点，适用于批量快速测定。