新建高压输电线路对管道干扰预测及缓解措施

为了判断某新建高压输电线路对埋地管道交流干扰程度并采取相应的缓解措施,利用数值模拟技术结合现场测试校正,建立了管道交流干扰计算模型,预测了新建高压输电线路对管道的交流干扰程度,并根据管道周围环境特点设计了深井地床排流缓解措施。测试结果表明:数值模拟计算结果与现场实测结果基本吻合,验证了合理设计深井地床能够有效缓解管道交流干扰的事实。实际工况的复杂性使得计算模型不可能与现场情况完全一致,对于新建输电线路,可利用附近已有的输电线路对计算模型进行校正。     

白背飞虱酚氧化酶原PPO基因特性及其免疫应答

【目的】酚氧化酶（phenoloxidase,PO）是昆虫体内的免疫蛋白,在昆虫体内起重要的调节作用,主要以无活性的酚氧化酶原（prophenoloxidase,PPO）形式存在。本研究在转录组测序获得白背飞虱（Sogatella furcifera）3条PPO序列的基础上,通过分析白背飞虱体内不同SfPPO的发育和组织表达模式,并进一步抑制SfPPO的表达以及病原菌诱导,探讨SfPPO在白背飞虱体内的生物学功能。【方法】以白背飞虱3条SfPPO序列为研究对象,利用生物信息学方法分析其蛋白结构以及与其他昆虫之间的同源性。并以注射绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescent protein,GFP）的dsRNA作为对照组,通过注射合成的dsSfPPO后采用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）检测基因表达抑制效果;此外,为了探究SfPPO在白背飞虱生长发育和免疫应答方面的作用,利用qRT-PCR检测SfPPO在不同发育阶段及组织中的表达情况,以及注射大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）和枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）后3个SfPPO的诱导表达情况。【结果】SfPPO1、SfPPO2-1、SfPPO2-2的开放阅读框长度分别为2 079、999、2 070 bp,分别编码692、332、689个氨基酸,预测蛋白分子量分别为79.84、37.67、79.53 kD,等电点分别为6.43、9.56、6.20。生物信息学分析表明,白背飞虱的3个PPO蛋白具有较高的同源性,且与褐飞虱（Nilaparvata lugens）的亲缘关系最近;SfPPO1、SfPPO2-1、SfPPO2-2均在成虫第3天表达量最高,其中SfPPO2-1和SfPPO2-2的发育表达模式相似;SfPPO1和SfPPO2-1在表皮和脂肪体内表达量较高,而SfPPO2-2在翅和脂肪体内表达量较高,在头、足、中肠、马氏管中表达量相对较低;与注射dsGFP组相比,注射靶标基因的dsRNA后都能够显著沉默目的基因的表达,而且当SfPPO2-1表达被沉默后,SfPPO1出现显著高表达,说明不同的PPO之间可能具有补偿功能;大肠杆菌诱导后12 h,SfPPO2-1和SfPPO2-2表达量显著升高,SfPPO1表达量则在诱导24 h后显著升高;枯草芽胞杆菌诱导24 h后,SfPPO1、SfPPO2-1和SfPPO2-2表达量均显著升高。【结论】SfPPO1、SfPPO2-1、SfPPO2-2的表达存在组织和龄期特异性,且在不同菌诱导情况下存在免疫应答差异性。研究结果有助于更加全面、深入地探索白背飞虱酚氧化酶在调控昆虫发育及免疫中的潜在分子机理。     

Grain Quality as Affected by Down-regulation of Expression of Different ALK Alleles in indica Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

【Objective】Gelatinization temperature (GT) is one of the key physicochemical properties in rice quality, which is mainly regulated by ALK (SSII-3) gene. In general, there are two ALK alleles among indica cultivars. To detect their functional differentiation in indica rice,【Method】Zhenshan 97B (a high GT variety carrying ALKc allele) and Longtefu B (a low GT variety carrying ALKb allele), were used as receptors for the generation of transgenic rice with down-regulation of ALK expression by RNA interference (RNAi).【Result】Down-regulation of ALK gene significantly decreased the GT of the transgenic lines. Due to the difference of original GT between the two receptors, the GT of transgenic rice lines derived from Zhenshan 97B (a high GT variety) decreased significantly, but it is slightly decreased in transgenic plants derived from Longtefu B (a low GT variety). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the initial temperature of RNAi transgenic rice was significantly lower than the corresponding control and the transgenic lines were gelatinized in advance. The peak value of GT(Tp) in RNAi rice grains was significantly lower than that of the control under Zhenshan 97B background. However, Tp of RNAi rice grains under Longtefu B background was significantly lower than the control to a lesser extent. Also, down-regulation of ALK expression had a significant effect on rice physical-chemical characteristics. An increase of apparent amylose content in RNAi transgenic plants was detected due to the decreased expression of ALK gene. Besides, the pasting properties showed that down-regulation of ALK gene had obvious effects on peak viscosity and breakdown value, improving the taste of the transgenic rice. The gel consistency was significantly different among Zhenshan 97B RNAi lines and their parents, but no difference was found in Longtefu-derived transgenic lines.【Conclusion】RNA interference to ALK allele expression had a significant effect on rice quality, especially the gelatinization characters. Down-regulated expression level of ALKc allele would cause larger variation of physical-chemical characteristics between transgenic rice and their parent than that of ALKb allele.     

哺乳动物中RNA干扰研究进展

RNA干扰(RNAi)由双链RNA引起,广泛存在于动、植物中的序列特异性转录后基因沉默,是生物体在进化过程中,抵御病毒感染及由于重复序列和突变引起的基因组不稳定性的保护机制。论文从RNAi现象、RNAi发生机制、哺乳动物中的RNAi现象和RNAi与抗病毒感染等几个方面做了综述,详细介绍RNAi在哺乳动物中的应用。     

Effect of shRNA-mediated survivin gene silencing on sensitivity of lymphoma cells to adriamycin

AIM: This study was designed to use RNA interference technique to down-regulate the expression of survivin gene in human Burkitts lymphoma cell line Daudi and to explore the effect on sensitivity of Daudi cells to adriamycin. METHODS: The survivin-shRNA expression vector was constructed and transfected into Daudi cells. Expression of survivin mRNA and protein were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Apoptosis index of transfected Daudi cells was quantified by flow cytometry. The sensitivity of Daudi cells to adriamycin (ADR) before and after transfection was detected by MTT test. RESULTS: The mRNA and protein levels of survivin were down-regulated by 62.32% and 61.88%, respectively, compared to those in control-shRNA treated group and PBS treated group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the apoptosis index was significantly increased (19.10%±2.15%), compared to that in control group (4.48%±1.54%) and PBS group (4.35%±1.37%, P<0.05). The 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of ADM to Daudi cells was significantly decreased (0.25±0.43) μmol/L, compared to that in control group (0.87±0.21) μmol/L and PBS group (0.91±0.36) μmol/L, P<0.05. CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of survivin expression in Daudi cells by shRNA effectively induces apoptosis and increases the sensitivity of Daudi cells to ADR.     

Heritability of, and genetic correlations among, forage and seed yield traits in Ladino white clover

Sixteen white clover genotypes and their half-sib progenies were grown in pure stand. Each clover progeny was also grown in a mixed stand that also included three grass varieties of different species. Dry matter (DM) yield was measured over 2 years and seed yield at the second year. Competitive ability of clover families was defined as the ratio between mixed stand and pure stand for clover DM yield. Narrow-sense heritability from parent-offspring regression of pure stand data was high to moderate (h²0.50) for DM yield, seed yield and most of their components. Persistence as predicted by stolon density showed negative genetic correlations with seed yield (r_g= -0.70) and DM yield (r₂= -0.60), whereas seed yield and DM yield tended towards a negative correlation (r₂=0.45). Sizes of different vegetative or reproductive organs were generally correlated positively. Evidence was provided that the set of parent genotypes represents well the genetic variation available within the Ladino gene pool. The results highlighted the difficulty of combining relatively short-term DM yield, persistence and seed yield into a unique plant type. Differences in competitive ability emerged only in the second year, better ability being related mainly to petiole length among the traits assessed in pure stand.     

稗草影响大豆根瘤固氮的机制研究之一——水分干扰机制

在全自控人工气候室内系统研究了稗草对大豆根瘤固氮的水分干扰机制。稗草在每盆3株的密度下使播后53-63淹水期间及淹水期后1天的大豆单株根瘤固氮速率平均分别比无草对照提高了16.6%和30.0%,在每盆10株的密度下分别使其比无草对照提高了34.2%和67.5%。在不淹水的情况下播后30-70天,稗草在每盆3株和10株的密度下使其所在处理的平均日蒸发蒸腾量分别比无草对照增加了23.8%和50%,削弱了水分对大豆植株的供应水平;而土壤水分供应水平从其田间持水量的80%降低到35%时,大豆根瘤的氧气传导速率从0.38cm/s下降到0.20cm/s,净光合速率从18.81mg/dm#+2/h降低到4.04mg/dm#+2/h,每盆10株稗草对大豆单株结瘤量及根瘤固氮酶活性的抑制率则分别从8.2%和17.8%升高到18.3%和19.6%,其对大豆单株根瘤固氮速率的抑制率也随之从21.5%上升到33.1%。证明通过干扰土壤水分供应水平,首先影响大豆植株的同化物产量及根瘤内的氧气供应,进而影响大豆植株的根瘤形成和根瘤固 氮酶的固氮活性,是稗草影响大豆根瘤固氮的主要机制之一。     

靶向cofilin2基因RNAi对鸭病毒性肠炎病毒增殖的影响

旨在探讨cofilin2基因的表达在鸭病毒性肠炎病毒(DEV)增殖过程中的影响.本研究通过已获得的鸭源cofilin2全基因序列(GenBank登录号:MF434775),设计出4对shRNA序列,插入载体中,并转染到鸭胚成纤维细胞中,经FQ-PCR方法和荧光显微镜观察筛选出具有较高干扰效率的shRNA序列,用干扰效率...