Effects of a juvenile hormone analog,pyriproxyfen, on Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Effects of a juvenile hormone analog, pyriproxyfen, on various developmental stadia of the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, were determined on cabbage leaves in the laboratory. Pyriproxyfen was applied at 0.064 or 0.128 g AI liter(-1) on leaves (residual contact-ingestion), thrips (direct contact) and leaf-thrips (residue contact-ingestion-direct contact). Pyriproxyfen did not have any significant lethal effects on thrips pupae in any treatment. Lethal effects on thrips larvae varied depending on application method and dosage. In the leaf and the leaf-thrips treatments, few larvae and pre-pupae molted to the next stage, and none developed to adults. In contrast, in the thrips-only treatment, pyriproxyfen did not show any significant lethal effects. The developmental times of larvae and pre-pupae were prolonged when larvae were treated with pyriproxyfen, and those of pre-pupae and pupae were shortened when pre-pupae and pupae were treated. The longevity and survival rates of thrips adults were generally shorter when they contacted and ingested pyriproxyfen-treated leaves than those in water control. Significantly fewer progeny (0.22-1.15 larvae per female) were produced by females that had fed on and been in contact with the pyriproxyfen-treated leaves than by those in the water control (11.94 larvae per female). However, the number of progeny produced by the thrips females increased significantly (3.32-7.28 larvae per female) when the females were transferred to untreated leaves after feeding on treated leaves for 5 days; the daily larval hatching pattern was similar to those in water control, indicating that female adults were able to produce viable eggs when untreated food was offered.     

Effect of dietary moisture and sodium content on urine composition and calcium oxalate relative supersaturation in healthy miniature schnauzers and labrador retrievers

The aim of this series of studies was to evaluate two possible feeding strategies as methods for reducing the risk of calcium oxalate (CaOx) formation in two breeds of healthy dog. The studies compared the effect of dietary moisture (Study 1) and dietary sodium (Na), (Study 2) on urine composition of labrador retrievers (LR) and miniature schnauzers (MS). A nutritionally complete dry dog food was fed to 16 dogs (eight LR, eight MS; Study 1) and 15 dogs (seven LR, eight MS; Study 2) for 24 days (Study 1), or 36 days (Study 2). The dogs were fed the diet alone (7% moisture, 0.06 g Na/100 kcal), or supplemented with deionised water to 73% moisture (Study 1), or dietary Na, to deliver 0.20 or 0.30 g Na per 100 kcal (Study 2). Urine pH, volume, specific gravity, and concentrations of 12 analytes were measured for each dog. Urinary relative supersaturations (RSS) with CaOx were calculated from these values. The effects of supplemental Na or water were established using t tests (Study 1) or analysis of variance, and multiple range tests (least significant difference) (Study 2); P<0.05 was considered significant. Increasing dietary moisture significantly increased total moisture intake (P=0.001), and reduced urine specific gravity (P=0.003), urinary oxalate concentration (P=0.04), and CaOx relative supersaturation (P=0.04) in the MS. Urinary parameters remained unchanged in the LR, indicating that feeding a high moisture diet may reduce the risk of CaOx formation in high-risk breeds. Increasing dietary Na led to production of urine with a significantly lower CaOx RSS in both breeds, indicating that sodium supplementation to dry diet formats may reduce the risk of CaOx formation. These feeding strategies should be considered when evaluating methods for preventing CaOx formation within high-risk groups.     

Effect of ammonium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate on anthracnose of papaya

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the causal organism of anthracnose inCarica papaya L. (papaya, papaw). The effect of ammonium carbonate (3%) or sodium bicarbonate (2%) in aqueous solution or when incorporated into a wax formulation on anthracnose severity in inoculated or naturally infected fruits was examined. Both salts had significant effects, but that of ammonium carbonate was greater than that of sodium bicarbonate in controlling anthracnose. Ammonium carbonate (3%) incorporated into the wax formulation effectively reduced anthracnose incidence by 70% in naturally infected papaya and extended the storage life by maintaining the firmness, color and overall quality of the fruit in low temperature storage (13.5°C) and 95% r.h. for 21 days followed by 2 days under marketing conditions. The mode of action of ammonium carbonate on the control of anthroacnose appears to bevia complete inhibition of radial mycelial growth and conidia germination. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Aug. 14, 2002.     

蜜蜂主要病虫害调查及防治试验报告

针对西方蜜蜂病虫害频繁发生的严竣形势，我们通过典型调查和引进高效低毒药物进行有目的地防治试验．共防治蜜蜂1021群，治愈951群，有皴率93．1％，取得了比较满意的效果。     

斑点叉尾鲴嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌的分离鉴定及系统发育分析

从发生在四川、重庆等省市的斑点叉尾妇急性流行性传染病病鱼的肝脏、肾脏内分离到1株高致病性菌株（CCF00024），人工感染健康鱼表现出与自然痛鱼相同的症状，并从中分离获得同种细菌，证实其为斑点叉尾鲴急性流行性传染病的病原菌。形态、生理生化检测表明，该菌为非发酵型直杆菌，严格需氧，革兰氏阴性，极生多鞭毛，对除麦芽糖和甘露糖以外的多种糖类不利用产酸，氧化酶阴性，DNA酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、赖氨酸脱羧酶阳性，MR、VP阴性。在以该菌16SrDNA序列（GenBank登录号AY970826）和GenBank及RDP数据库内同源性较高的细菌16SrDNA序列构建的系统发育树中，分离菌CCF00024与嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌（Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia）聚在一簇，特剐是与5．maltophiliaM5—1的同源性最高，序列相似性达99．6％，结合形态和生理生化特点将其鉴定为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌（Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia）。药敏试验结果表明，对磺胺甲口恶唑、磺胺异口恶唑、阿齐霉素、洛美沙星高度敏感，而对新霉素、卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素、头孢唑啉、先锋霉素V和链霉素不敏感。     

复方二氯异氰尿酸钠和双季铵碘中和剂中和效果考察

采用悬液定量杀菌试验程序，对两种中和剂配方进行了中和剂鉴定试验，以便对复方二氯异氰尿酸钠和双季铵碘两种消毒剂的消毒效果进行评价。试验结果表明，中和剂配方Ⅰ（含3％吐温-80、0．5％硫代硫酸钠）对复方二氯异氰尿酸钠，中和剂配方Ⅲ（含3％吐温-80、0．5％亚硫酸钠、适量卵磷脂）对双季铵碘均有良好的中和效果，且末见中和剂配方Ⅰ、中和剂配方Ⅲ及其相应中和产物对指示菌金黄色葡萄球菌的生长有明显影响。因此认为，中和剂配方Ⅰ、中和剂配方Ⅲ可分别用于复方二氯异氰尿酸钠和双季铵碘消毒剂消毒效果的鉴定。     

植物提取物、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠室内对杨树溃疡病菌生长的抑制作用

 采用菌丝生长速率法用金银花的花、黄花蒿的地上部分、蓝桉果实和黄柏果实的乙醇提取物及其不同极性的组分对杨树溃疡病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用进行了测定。以黄柏果实的抗菌活性最强,其次是金银花的花。抗菌活性成分主要存在于金银花的正丁醇组分、黄花蒿的石油醚组分和乙酸乙酯组分、蓝桉的水部分、黄柏的正丁醇组分。当培养基中碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的浓度分别为8g/L时(对应的pH值分别为10.24和7.71),菌丝生长抑制率分别为100.00%和79.68%。如果用1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节培养基的pH值至10.00,菌丝生长抑制率为40.58%。说明碳酸钠或碳酸氢钠对菌丝生长的抑制作用,一方面是由于改变了培养基的pH值,另一方面可能是由于碳酸根和碳酸氢根离子抑制了菌丝的生长。     

昆虫的行为节律

本文主要阐述了昆虫中几种常见的行为节律和一些相关研究的进展情况,论述了各行为节律的作用机制及影响因素,有助于掌握昆虫种群的活动规律,为害虫防治提供重要依据。     

东莞绿韵生态园害虫天敌调查初报

本文报道了广东东莞绿韵生态园有害昆虫、天敌昆虫10目46科81种。     

大通县"西繁东育"项目实施情况调查

通过“西繁东育”项目的实施,大通县牛羊贩运育肥规模户由2001年的898户发展到2005年的4170户,贩运育肥出栏牛羊由2001年的12.12万头只增加到2005年的65万头只,纯收入由2001年的456.76万元增长到2005年的4548.97万元,逐步成为大通农民增收的主渠道。