瓜类蔬菜白粉病抗性诱导及抗性遗传研究进展

瓜类蔬菜作为世界各地重要的蔬菜种类,多年来深受白粉病危害和影响,抗性诱导是减轻其危害的有效技术途径。笔者简要概述了瓜类白粉病抗性诱导及抗性遗传的研究进展,主要从生物因子、化学因子和物理因子诱导途径,以及瓜类白粉病抗性基因和抗性分子标记开发与应用等方面综述了近年来的研究成果,并对今后的研究方向提出展望。     

粳型光敏核不育系与常规粳稻杂交后代育性的遗传分析

在分析粳型光敏核不育系与粳稻品种杂交组合F_3及以后世代部分株系的育性和基因型的基础上,对分离世代各种主基因型的育性及频率分布进行了估计,验证了根据F_1、F_2和BF_1代作出的水稻光敏核不育性及其育性恢复的遗传涉及核内2对独立的主基因的遗传结论。由F_6以上高世代株系中测选出对农垦58s恢复效应有明显差异的两种纯合单显性可育株系,获得了存在两个不同恢复基因的遗传证据。     

中国传统木结构在继承和创新发展中的问题分析

回顾总结我国传统木结构建筑的发展历史,并对我国传统木结构建筑及其文化的传承、推广进行深入分析;针对传统木结构发展瓶颈,提出我国传承和发展传统木结构的主要课题,指出现代科技在传统木结构发展中的重要作用,并从科研投入、人才培养、产学研合作及产业化等方面,对我国传统木结构的发展提出建议。     

Sebaceous adenitis in the Akita: clinical observations, histopathology and heredity

Ninety-seven pure-bred Akitas were examined clinically and histologically for sebaceous adenitis. The diagnosis was established histologically in 23 Akitas by demonstrating an inflammatory reaction targeted against the sebaceous glands or a reduction in the number of glands. The clinical course of sebaceous adenitis in the Akita was similar to that seen in other breeds. The first skin lesions occurred mainly on the dorsal midline and ears. Compared with the Poodle, the age at first onset of the disease was more variable and the hair loss affected mainly the undercoat. The progression of sebaceous gland destruction varied between dogs and was not seen in all cases. Because bud-like sebaceous gland proliferation could be identified, it seems that regeneration of the sebaceous glands may occur. An autosomal recessive inheritance appears to be possible. Apart from a genetic background, immune-mediated factors possibly influence the onset and course of sebaceous adenitis.     

Genetics of soybean-Heterodera glycines system

Genetics of resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe is very complex. Crosses involving PI 437654, which is resistant to all races of cyst nematodes with other sources of resistance (Peking, PI 88788, and PI 90763) indicated that resistance to race 3 was controlled by four genes, two of which were dominant resistance genes and the other two were recessive resistance genes. For race 5, a four gene model with two recessive and two dominant resistance genes in epistasis has been proposed. For race 14, the results suggested a three gene model with one dominant and two recessive alleles. Several other plant introductions have been isolated which have different genes conditioning resistance. Most of the currently grown soybean varieties derived resistance from Peking and/or PI 88788. Resistance to SCN in these soybean varieties has broken down because of the emergence of several new races and populations of SCN. The use of PI 437654 or Hartwig and other plant introductions with different genes for resistance will broaden genetic diversity and stabilize yield.     

稻瘟病抗源TETEP的抗性遗传及其应用

稻瘟病抗源 Tetep 和品种华矮837的杂种后代接种菌株82-0461(ZB_(15)),通过杂交法和累积分布曲线法分析抗病基因组成,结果表明:Tetep 对菌株82-0461(ZB_(15))的抗性由两个主效基因和微效基因共同控制,并且两个主效基因之间存在加性作用。     

牛红细胞生成性卟啉症的研究进展

EPP是一种常染色体隐性遗传缺陷病。由亚铁螯合酶基因缺陷导致编码酶的活性降低引起,该酶活性不足时使动物体内血红素含量降低和卟啉及其前体过度增加。文章就牛、人EPP的主要症状、检测方法、亚铁螯合酶及其基因的研究进展进行较为详细的论述。     

辣(甜)椒抗黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)研究进展

黄瓜花叶病毒病(CMV)是为害辣(甜)椒的重要病毒,国内外对其研究较多。通过综述CMV的株系分化、抗性遗传、分子标记、抗CMV基因工程以及抗CMV育种等方面的研究结果和报道,旨在为辣(甜)椒抗CMV育种提供参考依据。     

不结球白菜维生素C和可溶性糖含量的遗传分析

采用主基因—多基因混合遗传模型分析方法，对不结球白菜乌塌菜×矮脚黄、雪克青×矮脚黄两个组合的维生素Ｃ、可溶性糖含量进行单世代和联合世代遗传分析。结果表明，两组合中维生素Ｃ含量遗传符合一个主基因和多基因的混合遗传模型，主基因遗传率为５２６８％～７４１２％。可溶性糖在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中也符合主基因—多基因遗传模型，主基因遗传率为８９７３％～８９７９％。维生素Ｃ和可溶性糖主基因效应均以加性效应为主，在乌塌菜×矮脚黄组合中，两性状主基因有较明显的负向显性效应，在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中，显性效应不明显。育种实践中应注重对主基因加性效应的利用。