油桐尺蠖幼虫对3种桉树无性系的取食选择性初探

采用叶碟法对油桐尺蠖幼虫取食3种桉树无性系叶片的选择性差异进行了研究。结果表明：油桐尺蠖幼虫对DH184—1（尾赤桉Eucalyptus urophylla×E.camaldulensis）、GL—WC3（尾赤桉E. urophylla×E．camaldulensis）和GL—UG9（巨尾桉E．grandis×Euro...     

Prey switching in red-necked phalaropes Phalaropus lobatus: Feeding limitations, the functional response and water management at Mono Lake, California, USA

The ability of red-necked phalaropes Phalaropus lobatus to switch prey under conditions of changing prey abundance at Mono Lake, California, was tested in order to predict the potential effects of continued water diversions there on migratory waterbird populations. Red-necked phaloropes cannot switch prey because they are incapable of surviving on a diet of just the hardier of two invertebrates threatened by salinity increases at Mono Lake. Individuals experimentally limited to brine shrimp Artemia monica as a primary prey source lost mass rapidly until death ensued, or until they were offered other prey. These data show that a marked preference for one prey may indicate important physiological limitations in a predator. Such limitations may partly explain Murdoch's empirically supported prediction (Ecol. Mongr. (196), 39, 335-54) that prey switching will not occur where strong prey preferences exist. These results also indicate that strong prey preferences of migratory birds can, and probably should, help determine water management policy at wetlands of importance to shorebirds, especially in cases where initial prey diversity is low.     

Moisture preferences,growth and reproduction of the compost worm Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta)

Summary Although moisture requirements of Eisenia fetida are considered to be generally known, very few in-depth studies have been performed. The moisture preferences of juveniles as well as adults of this species were determined in moisture towers containing cow manure with a particle size bigger than 500 and smaller than 1000 m and an organic matter content of 54%. The clitellate worms showed a wider preference range than the juveniles but deposited most of their cocoons within the narrow range of 65%–70% moisture — a moisture range preferred by 80% of the juveniles. Growth studies of newly hatched worms at various moisture levels over a period of 90 days showed that growth rate and final biomass were influenced by moisture availability with a very low rate of growth at low as well as at high moisture levels. The change in biomass of clitellate specimens as well as their consecutively produced cocoons were monitored at different moisture levels. A clear relationship between mass of cocoons and biomass of the producing worms was established at presumably favourable moisture conditions. Furthermore, the relation between cocoon mass and the production rate of cocoons was also determined, which showed that cocoon mass increased concomitantly with increase in cocoon production. The study also showed that clitellum development was increased at moisture levels above 64%. The onset of cocoon production was, however, earliest at slightly lower moisture levels, from which it is concluded that the optimal moisture level for growth and development of clitella are not necessarily optimal for the production of cocoons.Dedicated to the late Prof. Dr. M.S. Ghilarov     

根据形态学和分子系统学特征界定拟盘多毛孢属的种

以拟盘多毛孢属108个ITS（内转录间区）序列建立了分子系统树,探讨拟盘多毛孢属的形态特征与分子系统树的相互关系.结果表明,拟盘多毛孢属首先按照分生孢子有色胞的颜色区分为暗色和淡色（同色）2个分支,暗色组再分成2个亚分支--同色亚分支和异色亚分支,淡色分支内进一步根据顶端附属丝特征和基部附属丝的有无区分为7个亚分支.寄主植物的某个分类单元在拟盘多毛孢属的分子系统树上并未形成特定的分支.通过对形态特征与分子系统树结合分析,重新界定小孢拟盘多毛孢（Pestalotiopsis microspora）、异色拟盘多毛孢（P.versicolor）和茶拟盘多毛孢（P.theae）.     

取食不同寄主植物的小菜娥对溴氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯敏感性的变化

取食不同寄主植物的小菜蛾３龄幼虫对溴氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯的敏感性发生了变化。其中，以取食萝卜的小菜蛾３龄幼虫最为敏感，其次是甘蓝、菜心、白菜和西洋菜，取食花椰菜的最不敏感。但用不同寄主植物饲养小莱蛾１个完整的世代，再用菜心统一饲养至３龄，用上述药剂生测的结果是，其敏感性差异不明显。本文还对因不同寄主植物诱导的小菜蛾药剂敏感性变化的实质进行了讨论。     

沙潜生物学特性的观察研究

沙潜Opatrums Subaratum Fald.是我国北方干旱区重要的苗期害虫,危害严重。一年完成一个世代,成虫在土中或缝隙处越冬。早春出蛰,4月上旬至5月中旬为活动盛期。成虫取食的寄主植物有34科110余种,主要为种子和幼苗,经多年观察,成虫对豆饼、花生饼和棉子饼有趋性。成虫耐饥能力很强,寿命长,且能进行产雌雄孤雌生殖。在适宜温度下卵期随温度升高而缩短,卵期4～28天。幼虫在表土层活动,经6龄或7龄,幼虫期48～53天,地势高排水良好的土壤有利于幼虫的生长发育,幼虫在5～8厘米土层中化蛹,蛹期7～11天.沙潜主要天敌是步行(虫甲)、地蝼(虫甲),食量很大。     

小麦品种抗性多样化中寄主群体抗性量化的研究

 在一个地区范围内利用病原群体毒性及寄主群体抗性的观点,可把多个具不同抗锈性小麦品种在不同布局条件下,将其整体抗性加以综合量化,其结果在预测预报小麦锈病流行强度的研究中,有助于品种抗性因子对锈病流行强度所产生干扰作用的大小能够量化进入预测式.     

建兰花叶病毒检测标准方法的建立

经过2004￣2005两年对上海口岸进境和进境后种植的260个兰花品种上建兰花叶病毒(CyMV)检测方法的研究,分别建立了检测和鉴定兰花上建兰花叶病毒的DAS-ELISA、电镜观察、鉴别寄主反应、RT-PCR和IC-RT-PCR的方法。     

中国小麦秆锈菌鉴别寄主品种Rulofen抗秆锈病基因的单体分析

普通小麦品种Rulofen是我国小麦杆锈菌的鉴別寄主。用中国春单体系列和对Rulofen无毒性的小麦秆锈菌的三个生理小种21C3、34、34C2对Rulofen进行了抗秆锈病基因的单体分析,并将Rulofen所含的抗秆锈病基因与国际上已命名的Sr基因进行了异同比较。结果表明;Rulofen在2D染色体上含有兼抗三个供试生理小种的抗病基因Sr6.其抗性效应为;-;1~ 或1X~=-x~- ,因环境条件的影响,Sr6的抗性反应型不稳定;在5D染色体上含有兼抗21C3、34和34C2三个生理小种的抗病基因Sr30,其抗性效应为2=、抗秆锈病基因Sr6和Sr30对我国的小麦秆锈菌小种34类群都具有进一步的区分作用。