榛实象甲高致病力菌株筛选及侵染过程的显微观察

榛实象甲是目前我国榛园中导致产量损失的首要害虫,生产中以化学防治为主,易导致果品化学残留超标问题。本研究的目的在于筛选榛实象甲的高毒力菌株,以期为其生物学防治提供科学依据。本研究使用2株绿僵菌(CGMCC No.3.7986、3.4607)、1株白僵菌(CGMCC No. 12108)接种榛实象甲成虫,检测其侵染榛实象甲累积死亡率随时间的变化,并用解剖镜与扫描电镜观察了白僵菌侵染榛实象甲成虫的过程。结果表明,白僵菌菌株12108侵染榛实象甲后,在处理后的第4天与第6天累积死亡率分别达到91.67%和100%,远高于同期绿僵菌3.7986的6.67%和17.5%及绿僵菌3.4607的10.0%和22.5%;白僵菌菌株12108的LT₅₀和LT₉₀值分别为2.56和4.42d,远小于绿僵菌3.7986的11.40和17.70d及绿僵菌3.4607的8.80和12.80d;在侵染开始时,白僵菌菌株12108一般从口器、触角、胸足基部、胸足关节等有缝隙的部位开始生长,接种后10d时,该虫表面被浓密的菌丝所覆盖,胸腔内部也充满菌丝,体表开始形成大量分生孢子。以上研究结果确认白僵菌菌株12108对榛实象甲有强致病力,这为榛实象甲生物农药的开发提供了重要依据。      

平欧杂交榛84-1品系不同部位不同枝长的花果营养

为了研究枝条营养对花芽分化和果实品质的影响,对平欧杂交榛品系84-1树体不同部位不同枝长的1年生枝条的枝长、基部直径、顶端直径进行测量,统计其雌花芽和雄花序数量,对各类枝条着生果实进行外观品质和内含物测定。结果表明:84-1品系的产量75%来自长枝,上部枝条的产量是下部枝条产量的2倍;树体上部着生果实的单粒质量、果仁质量、果壳厚度、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、可溶性糖质量分数显著高于树体下部的;上部中枝着生单位果序所需枝条长度为8.79 cm,基部(直径)/顶端(直径)的比值最小(2.48),萌发的雌花芽比例最高(47.47%),从枝条末端到枝条顶梢均有利于花芽的形成,其枝条营养和果实品质最佳;下部长枝着生单位果序所需枝条长度为10.25 cm,萌发雌花芽比例最低(32.01%),其枝条营养和果实品质最差。     

两歧双歧杆菌发酵榛子乳及其发酵特性的研究

用驯化后的两歧双歧杆菌对榛子乳进行发酵并研究了其发酵特性。结果表明:两歧双歧杆菌在榛子乳中具有良好的发酵特性。两歧双歧杆菌在添加5％乳糖的榛子乳中,37℃发酵8～12h,发酵酸度可达到80～93°T,活菌数达到10cfu/mL。     

A study on feeding hazelnut kernel oil meal as a protein source for broiler chickens

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of substituting different levels of hazelnut kernel oil meal (HKM) for soybean meal (SBM) in diets for broiler. A total of 450 one-day-old female Ross 308 broiler chicks were allocated randomly to three treatment groups of 150 birds each in a randomized design. Each treatment group consisted of five replicates each of 30 chicks. All diets (in mash form) were formulated to meet nutrient concentrations recommended for broilers. The experiment lasted for six weeks. In the experiment, an SBM control (SBM) diet was compared to two HKM diets, replacing 50 (50HKM) and 100% (HKM) of SBM protein, respectively. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broilers were adversely affected ( P  < 0.05) by the HKM diets at 42 days of age. Broilers fed 50HKM and HKM had growth performances similar ( P  > 0.05). The carcass yield and abdominal fat pads of birds fed diets with SBM were higher ( P  < 0.05) than those of chicks fed the 50HKM and HKM diets. The edible inner organ weight of chicks fed diets with HKM was the heaviest ( P  < 0.05). It is concluded that SBM cannot be replaced even up to 50% with HKM in commercial broiler diet.