清香型特色优质烟叶试验研究

通过品种对比分析,选择适合隆阳发展的清香型品种,研究了云烟105和MSK326这2个品种的农艺性状、抗病性、经济性状和外观质量等。结果表明,云烟105的农艺性状、经济性状、抗逆性、外观质量等综合表现优于对照MSK326,为产区烤烟品种的更新换代和合理布局提供科学依据和参考。     

苗期46份偃麦草种质材料耐盐性综合评价

采用盆栽苗期模拟盐胁迫的方法,对不同NaCl胁迫下46份偃麦草种质材料的地上生物量、地下生物量、叶片枯黄率进行测定,并对其耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明,随盐浓度的增加,偃麦草的地上生物量、地下生物量的响应机制并不一致,而叶片枯黄率则呈现上升趋势;46份偃麦草种质耐盐性存在较大的差异,地上生物量、地下生物量、叶片枯黄率半致死盐浓度变异系数依次为42.48%~43.37%,26.9%~38.6%,18.98%;隶属函数综合分析认为,偃麦草材料的耐盐性从强到弱依次为E35、E14、E42、E25、E31、E26、E39、E36、E41、E22、E15、E21、E19、E34、E38、E16、E44、E02、E03、E37、E07、E18、E49、E46、E10、E48、E30、E04、E06、E08、E50、E24、E17、E27、E43、E40、E29、E28、E32、E11、E33、E23、E09、E13、E01、E12。     

多花黑麦草对水涝胁迫的生理响应

采用盆栽法,研究在不同水涝胁迫条件下,2个多花黑麦草品种‘Maximus’和‘Hercules’的生理生化抗性表现。结果表明：在轻度水涝胁迫条件下（水位与土层平齐）,脯氨酸含量‘Maximus’比对照上升225.6%、‘Hercules’比对照上升509.7%,其他指标与对照组相比差异不显著（P〉0.05）;在重度水涝条件下（水位在土层上4cm）,2个品种叶片中叶绿素含量‘Maximus’比对照下降23.5%、‘Hercules’下降63.5%;丙二醛含量‘Maximus’比对照上升48.9%、‘Hercules’上升76.2%;脯氨酸含量‘Maximus’增加405.9%、‘Hercules’增加531.8%;过氧化物酶活性分别上升204.0%和74.1%,与对照组相比差异显著（P〈0.05）,超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性均表现为先升后降。在轻度水涝胁迫时,各个指标变化不显著或从处理第7d开始变化显著;在重度水涝胁迫4d后各个指标开始剧烈变化。因此认为多花黑麦草在轻度水涝时可正常生长7d,在重度水涝时可正常生长4d。     

Genetic and Association Mapping Study of English Grain Aphid Resistance and Tolerance in Bread Wheat Germplasm

English grain aphid （EGA） is a destructive insect pest of wheat. To identify the loci associated with EGA resistance and tolerance, 70 bread wheat accessions mainly from central Asia were evaluated for EGA resistance and tolerance traits at two locations, and genotyped with 51 SSR markers. Totally, three accessions showed high or moderate levels resistance and 17 genotypes displayed highly or moderately tolerate to EGA. Genetic diversity of these lines was investigated also. After 97 SSR loci which evenly covered all wheat chromosomes were scanned for association, four SSR loci were significantly associated with EGA resistance and four with EGA tolerance. After association analysis was conducted with dynamic aphid densities, we found four loci Xgwm192b, Xgwm391, Xbarc98, and Xgwm613b were detected continuously at different growing stages of wheat. In addition, the loci of EGA resistance/tolerance and Russian wheat aphid resistance were compared. The results generated in this study would be helpful for utilization of the EGA resistance/tolerance germplasm, and for development of mapping populations in EGA resistance breeding programs.     

Nitrogen Deficiency Limited the Improvement of Photosynthesis in Maize by Elevated CO2 Under Drought

Global environmental change affects plant physiological and ecosystem processes. The interaction of elevated CO2, drought and nitrogen （N） deficiency result in complex responses of C4 species photosynthetic process that challenge our current understanding. An experiment of maize （Zea mays L.） involving CO2 concentrations （380 or 750 μmol mol1, climate chamber）, osmotic stresses （10% PEG-6000, -0.32 MPa） and nitrogen constraints （N deficiency treated since the 144th drought hour） was carried out to investigate its photosynthesis capacity and leaf nitrogen use efficiency. Elevated CO2 could alleviate drought-induced photosynthetic limitation through increasing capacity of PEPC carboxylation （Vp~,x） and decreasing stomatal limitations （SL）. The N deficiency exacerbated drought-induced photosynthesis limitations in ambient CO2. Elevated CO2 partially alleviated the limitation induced by drought and N deficiency through improving the capacity of Rubisco carboxylation （Vmax） and decreasing SL. Plants with N deficiency transported more N to their leaves at elevated CO2, leading to a high photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency but low whole-plant nitrogen-use efficiency. The stress mitigation by elevated CO2 under N deficiency conditions was not enough to improving plant N use efficiency and biomass accumulation. The study demonstrated that elevated CO2 could alleviate drought-induced photosynthesis limitation, but the alleviation varied with N supplies.     

Proteomic Analysis of Wheat Seed in Response to Drought Stress

Drought stress is one of the major factors affecting in wheat yield and grain quality. In order to investigate how drought stress might influence wheat quality during grain filling, three wheat cultivars Gaocheng 8901, Jagger and Nongda 3406 were subjected to drought stress during the grain filling stage. Neither globulin and glutenin, nor the relative percentage ofamylose significantly changed following drought treatments, whereas albumin and gliadin concentrations did. The SDS-sedimentation, which has a strong linear correlation with wheat baking quality was markedly decreased following drought stress. These results indicated that drought had an adverse effect on wheat qualit3,. In order to investigate the protein complexes in the wheat flour, the data from native PAGE and SDS-PAGE were combined and a total of 14 spots were successfully identified, and of these eight protein types were determined to be potential complex forming proteins.     

Molecular Mapping of a Stripe Rust Resistance Gene YrH9020a Transferred from Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng on Wheat Chromosome 6D

Stripe rust （yellow rust）, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici （Pst）, is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat throughout the world. H9020-1-6-8-3 is a translocation line originally developed from interspeciifc hybridization between wheat line 7182 and Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng and is resistant to most Pst races in China. To identify the resistance gene（s） in the translocation line, H9020-1-6-8-3 was crossed with susceptible cultivar Mingxian 169, and seedlings of the parents, F1, F2, F3, and BC1 generations were tested with prevalent Chinese Pst race CYR32 under controlled greenhouse conditions. The results indicated that there is a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as YrH9020a, conferring resistance to CYR32. The resistance gene was mapped by the F2 population from Mingxian 169/H9020-1-6-8-3. It was linked to six microsatellite markers, including Xbarc196, Xbarc202, Xbarc96, Xgpw4372, Xbarc21, and Xgdm141, lfanked by Xbarc96 and Xbarc202 with at 4.5 and 8.3 cM, respectively. Based on the chromosomal locations of these markers and the test of Chinese Spring （CS） nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic lines, the gene was assigned to chromosome 6D. According to the origin and the chromosomal location, YrH9020a might be a new resistance gene to stripe rust. The lfanking markers linked to YrH9020a could be useful for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.     

羧酸酯酶及其介导昆虫抗药性的研究进展

本文从分类、结构和水解作用机制、抗药性以及抗药机理等方面综述了昆虫羧酸酯酶的研究进展,旨在为进一步深入研究羧酸酯酶介导昆虫抗药性提供参考和奠定基础.     

植物淹水胁迫对各生理特性的影响概述

在概述植物对淹水胁迫各种适应方式的基础上,重点从植物激素和各种酶的活性以及发酵途径、形态上的影响等方面,对近年来植物抗淹水胁迫适应性的研究进展作简要评述.     

农业干旱风险研究进展与发展趋势

随着农业旱灾对农业系统造成的损失日益加剧,增大了对区域资源的压力,造成一系列环境问题,农业干旱风险分析逐渐成为近年一个新的研究领域;这一研究不仅是农业旱灾风险管理的基础和前提,也是农业干旱风险区划和灾前损失预评估的理论基础。目前,针对农业干旱风险的研究大多是通过模拟特定干旱指标与作物生物量之间的关系,对作物因旱损失进行微观风险评价,因此在阅读大量文献的基础上,分别对农业干旱、农业干旱风险的定义,以及对基于降水指数的农业干旱风险的研究进展进行了综述。