Role of Testa, Cotyledons and Embryonic Axis in Seed Dormancy of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Experiments were carried out during winter–summer (January–June) season to understand the role of seed testa, cotyledons and embryonic axis in imparting dormancy of some groundnut cultivars belonging to different habit groups. Crop was harvested at four maturity stages; 90, 100, 110 and 121 days after emergence (DAE). After drying the pods in shade for 2 days, the germination of seeds with (GST) and without (GSW) testa in rolled germination towels and seeds, and embryonic axes (GEM) in culture media from individual plants of a cultivar was studied. Seed testa played an important role in imparting dormancy followed by the cotyledons, and embryonic axis. However, the nature of dormancy of embryonic axis appeared to be different from that of the testa and cotyledons. Results suggested that the dormancy in groundnut is regulated mainly by testa (a maternal tissue) in the Spanish type, but by cotyledons, and embryonic axis (both zygotic tissue) as well as testa in Virginia types. Thus the genetic control of seed dormancy in groundnut appears to be quantitative in nature.     

Transpositional feeding rhythm of loach <Emphasis Type="Italic">Misgurnus anguillicaudatus</Emphasis> from larvae to juveniles and its ontogenesis under artificial rearing conditions

The diel feeding rhythm and ontogenesis during early life stage of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were investigated under experimental conditions (light: L 06:00–18:00, D 18:00–06:00 h). Morphological and behavioral developments of loach from newly hatched to 40 days after hatching were observed. Larvae were able to prey on daphnia 3–4 days after hatching at 23 ± 0.5°C. As the larvae grew, they showed an increasing feeding capacity and a distinct feeding rhythm. Feeding intensity and incidence for day-4 larvae were highest at 10:00 and 16:00 h. The highest levels of feeding intensity for day-12 larvae occurred at 08:00, 12:00, and 18:00 h as did feeding incidence. By day 20, when the larvae metamorphosed, the highest levels of feeding intensity occurred at 06:00, 18:00, and 24:00 h and were concurrent with the highest feeding incidence. After metamorphosis, feeding capacity had again increased considerably and, in contrast to the earlier stages before day 20, feeding intensity for day-30 juveniles peaked at 05:00 and 20:00 h, about 1–2 h after the maximum feeding incidence. The feeding rhythm of loach juveniles at day 40 was almost the same as the day-30 juveniles. The estimated maximum daily feeding rates were 43.1%, 33.4%, 19.0%, 12.8%, and 5.8% of body weight on days 4, 12, 20, 30, and 40, respectively. Thus, loach was found to have different feeding rhythms in the pre- and post-metamorphosis stages, with the highest feeding activity in daytime during the larval planktonic stage before metamorphosis, and intensely nocturnal feeding behavior during the juvenile benthic stage after metamorphosis.     

Number of Pollen Grains in Rice Cultivars with Different Cool-Weather Resistance at the Young Microspore Stage

Abstract

The difference in the number of pollen grains may be the primary factor determining the resistance to cool weather at the young microspore stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. To confirm this hypothesis, we compared the number of pollen grains among the cultivars or lines with various cool-weather resistance. The cultivars or lines used in the experiments were mainly released or grown in the Tohoku district (the northern part of the mainland of Japan). The number of pollen grains showed high correlation with the degree of cool-weather resistance, but considerably varied with the cultivar or line, even in the group having the same cool-weather resistance. Each group with different cool-weather resistance was divided into two subgroups, implying the existence of another genetic factor determining the resistance. The number of pollen grains in the plants cooled at the young microspore stage showed higher correlation with the degree of the cool-weather resistance than that in the control plants without exposure to low temperature. The correlation between the pollen number and spikelet sterility was also analyzed using the data of Satake and Shibata (1992, Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 61 :454–462), who primarily used the cultivars in Hokkaido (the northernmost island of Japan). The results were basically the same as those obtained in the present experiments. These results confirmed the hypothesis that the variation in the number of pollen grains is a primary factor of the resistance to cool weather at the booting stage in the cultivars in the northern part of Japan. The results also suggested the existence of another genetic factor determining the resistance.     

水稻机械割晒拾禾研究分析

建三江地区由于以往收获方式的单一,各种机械配置的不合理及农户对机械收获的认识不全面,收获条件差异等问题的存在,严重影响了水稻机械收获的进度。为了确保粮食保质保量的收获,通过对水稻割晒拾禾可行性、优越性、实施方案及可能存在的问题和注意事项的分析研究,在当地全面推广了水稻机械割晒和机械化直收相结合的收割方式,为实现水稻增产增收提供有利保证。     

《延边大学农学学报》发展简史

简述了《延边大学农学学报》创刊以来4个阶段的发展史．     

水稻拔节期和抽穗期低温对稻米品质影响

【目的】为了探讨低温冷害对水稻品质的影响,以便为气候变化背景下辽宁地区水稻的高效栽培和品质认证提供理论依据。【方法】以水稻90-35为供试品种,分别于拔节期和抽穗期通过TRP-1000D型人工智能气候箱进行不同低温处理(比外界低5℃和低3℃,均持续5 d),以正常栽培管理作对照,5个处理,分别记为CK、A1、A2、B1、B2,分析拔节期和抽穗期不同等级低温胁迫处理对水稻的营养品质、研磨品质和外观品质的影响。【结果】低温胁迫下90-35水稻的蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量较CK显著增加,处理A1、A2、B1、B2的蛋白质含量分别比CK增加3.45%、1.15%、6.90%、8.05%,除处理B1外直链淀粉含量分别比CK增加1.75%、0.44%、0.44%;脂肪酸含量和精米率较CK显著减少,处理A1、A2、B1、B2的脂肪酸含量分别比CK减少17.75%、7.5%、25%、11%,精米率分别比CK减少2.1%、6.95%、0.22%、7.5%。拔节期低温胁迫下糙米率和垩白粒率显著减少,处理A1、A2的糙米率分别比CK减少0.73%、1.09%,垩白粒率分别比CK减少33.3%、22.2%;抽雄期低温胁迫下糙米率和垩白粒率显著增加,处理B1、B2的的糙米率分别比CK增加0.6%、3.02%,垩白粒率分别比CK增加255.6%、133.3%,即低温胁迫使其营养品质和研磨品质中的精米率受到负面影响,而拔节期适当低温胁迫处理对其研磨品质中的糙米率和外观品质有益。【结论】水稻90-35在不同生育时期经受不同低温胁迫处理后,水稻的营养品质、研磨品质和外观品质均受到不同程度的影响。     

棉花黄萎病菌鉴定技术进展

黄萎病作为一种危害严重的世界性病害，如何快速有效地鉴定黄萎病菌已成为当今学术界普遍关心的问题。本文综述国内外有关黄萎病菌鉴定技术的发展动态，旨在为从事棉花黄萎病研究的科学工作者提供可资借鉴的研究信息     

双低杂交油菜新品种（组合）比较试验研究

从全国主要油菜育种单位引进11个优质双低杂交油菜组合,顺序排列,两次重复,鉴定其适应性、丰产性、稳产性和轻简(机播机收)高效栽培性状。结果表明:高产品种应筛选R0701,实收单产2 812.5 kg/hm2为最高,且抗倒、抗病虫、抗旱、抗渍,长势长相等综合性状较优;早熟品种应选择宁杂11号,该品种熟期较CK提前6 d,产量2 672.3 kg/hm2,在4个早熟品种中最高,且生育的一致性、抗逆性等综合性状均较好,成熟期集中,耐裂荚,株型适于机械收割,是当今轻简高效栽培的理想品种。     

Effect of stage of maturity of whole-crop barley on intake and liveweight gain by dairy steers differing in initial live weight

The effect of maturity at harvest of whole-crop barley for ensiling on intake and liveweight gain of dairy steers differing in initial live weight (LW) was evaluated in an experiment over two years. Light (104–120 kg) and heavy (402–419 kg) dairy steers were fed diets containing predominantly whole-crop barley silage harvested at the milk stage [dry matter (DM) content of 284 g kg⁻¹ and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) concentration of 526 g kg⁻¹ DM] or the dough stage of maturity (DM content of 328 g kg⁻¹ and NDF concentration of 445 g kg⁻¹ DM) and supplemented with up to 1 kg of concentrate. Dry matter intake (g kg⁻¹ LW) was higher for whole-crop barley harvested at the dough stage than at the milk stage of maturity and the difference was greater in heavy than in light steers ( P <  0·001). Liveweight gain was higher and feed conversion ratio was lower for dough-stage compared with milk-stage silage ( P  <   0·05) but there was no interaction with size of steer. Whole-crop barley harvested at the dough stage of maturity promoted higher liveweight gains in dairy steers compared with whole-crop barley harvested at the milk stage due to a higher DM intake.     

家蚕胚胎伴性温敏性的遗传研究

试验用新九与伴1等4个温敏性的品种杂交，将其F1代蚕种用高温干燥条件催青，结果雄蚕正常孵化，雌蚕几乎不孵化，表明伴1等品种具有控制催青温敏性表达的基因存在。用华1与伴1组配的F1、F2及F1与亲本回交的14个组合作遗传分析，认为催青敏感性状由位于Z性染色体上的一个主基因控制，呈隐性的伴性遗传。