Glucosinolate aglucones and analogues: insecticidal properties and a QSAR

Naturally occurring aglucones of three glucosinolates (sinigrin, glucotropaeolin, and epi-progoitrin) were tested for fumigation activity against the house fly, Musca domestica, and the lesser grain borer, Rhizopertha dominica. A total of eight natural aglucones were evaluated in the bioassays. Two aglucones of sinigrin showed efficacy against both species which was comparable with that of a commercial fumigant, chloropicrin. None of the aglucones tested was comparable in activity to dichlorvos. Aglucones of glucotropaeolin were also insecticidal, but not to the same level as the sinigrin aglucones. The aglucones of epi-progoitrin were only slightly effective as fumigants. A quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) was developed for synthetic analogues of the sinigrin and glucotropaeolin aglucones. An electronic parameter, σ*, provided the best predictor of activity in R. dominica, whereas a hydrophobicity parameter, π, best predicted activity in M. domestica. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

一氧化氮(NO)减压熏蒸对葡萄采后品质的影响

【目的】研究减压熏蒸技术对鲜食葡萄采后贮藏品质的影响,为气体减压熏蒸技术在鲜食葡萄保鲜上的应用提供技术支持。【方法】在(0±2)℃贮藏条件下,以红提葡萄(Vitis vinifera cv.Red Globe)为试材,采用一氧化氮(NO)减压熏蒸保鲜处理,分析测定果实硬度、可溶性固形物(SSC)、可滴定酸(TA)和抗坏血酸(AsA)等采后生理指标的变化。【结果】70 kPa+30 μL/L NO减压熏蒸为最适宜的处理方式,有效降低了果实的失重率、落粒率和腐烂率,减缓果肉的硬度下降和水分的流失,显著延缓红提葡萄SSC、TA和AsA含量的降低,促进过氧化物酶(POD)活性。【结论】NO减压熏蒸能有效的延长鲜食葡萄贮藏期,保持果实品质。     

棉隆土壤消毒对高山甘蓝根肿病土壤细菌群落结构的影响

本研究旨在科学评价棉隆土壤消毒对高山根肿病土壤细菌群落结构的影响,为土壤消毒防治根肿病提供理论依据。利用细菌16S核糖体基因高通量测序技术,研究棉隆土壤消毒对高山甘蓝根肿病土壤细菌群落的影响。高通量测序共得到9445细菌分类单元(operational taxonomic units,OTUs),其中2327细菌OTUs(24.64%)为3个处理共有。棉隆处理土壤细菌群落结构在门和属水平与对照较为类似,但部分分类单元的丰度发生较大改变。棉隆处理土壤4种细菌α多样性指数均与对照无显著性差异(P>0.05)。β多样性指数分析显示,棉隆与氟啶胺处理的距离较为接近,而与对照较远。Metastats分析显示,同对照比较,棉隆处理有1个门和24个属的细菌的丰度发生显著性改变,其中土壤有益菌的丰度显著增加,而氟啶胺处理有4个门和16个属的细菌丰度检测到显著性改变。以上结果说明,棉隆处理对高山土壤细菌多样性无显著影响,对细菌群落结构的影响小于氟啶胺处理,且有利于土壤细菌群落结构的恢复和重建。     

高大平房仓环流熏蒸系统设计与应用

该环流熏蒸系统设计改仓外环流为仓内环流，全仓环流为膜下环流，并采用集中投药，均衡供气系统，减少施药装置数量，降低劳动强度，每次熏蒸可节约磷化铝50％左右，符合安全可靠、经济实用、操作简便的设计原则。     

大型船舶熏蒸

大型船舶熏蒸，要求做到“安全、有效、快捷、经济”，具有要求比较高，流动性大，熏蒸人员活动范围小，货物堆放比较集中，牵涉面比较广，工作难度比较大等特点。因此，一般采用高浓度、短时间的熏蒸方法．目前，多采用溴甲烷（CH3Br）熏蒸，单位用药量50g／m3，密闭时间为48h左右.     

仓外与粮面联合施药磷化氢环流熏蒸试验

利用高大平房仓环流熏蒸设备，进行仓外磷化氢发生器施药并结合粮面投药的环流熏蒸试验。结果表明仓外投药与粮面投药相结合的环流熏蒸能使磷化氢气体迅速达到有效浓度，而且达到浓度最高值的时间长，能保持较长的熏蒸时间，对粮堆内的害虫和试虫笼内的害虫均有良好的防治效果。     

The effect of oxygen fumigation of sawdust medium on the yield and yield-components of greenhouse cucumbers

Greenhouse cucumbers were planted in sawdust-filled plastic bags which were fumigated with oxygen at each feeding. Treated plants produced 20% more cucumbers and 18% more fresh and dry weight than controls, but mean fruit length was 1.0 cm lower in treated plants. Fruit dry weight yield of treated plants did not depend on any particular yield component, while 58.6% of the yield variability of control plants was accounted for by the number of cucumbers produced per unit leaf area.     

Effect of phenyl,allyl, and methyl isothiocyanate on Cyperus rotundus tubers under LDPE and VIF mulch

Cyperus rotundus (Purple nutsedge) is the most troublesome weed of vegetable crops in the US and a major limitation to the adoption of methyl bromide alternatives due to their ineffectiveness on this weed. Thus, other effective alternatives are needed. Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effect of phenyl, allyl, and methyl isothiocyanate (ITC) at two concentrations (1000 and 3000 nmol g⁻¹ in dry soil) on C. rotundus tubers under low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and virtually impermeable film (VIF) mulch. ITC treated soil containing C. rotundus tubers was filled in glass jars and covered with LDPE or VIF mulch for 21 days, followed by nutsedge tuber viability evaluations. Efficacy of all three ITCs increased with increase in concentration from 1000 to 3000 nmol g⁻¹. All ITCs significantly reduced tuber viability, tuber dry weight, and shoot emergence, but methyl ITC was most effective followed by allyl ITC followed by phenyl ITC. Mulch type did not affect efficacy of allyl and methyl ITC, but phenyl ITC efficacy against C. rotundus was improved by using VIF mulch over LDPE mulch. Overall, methyl ITC at 3000 nmol g⁻¹ was the most efficacious control option among three ITC tested regardless of mulch type.     

双膜冷气囊膜下环流熏蒸应用研究

将粮面采用双层薄膜密闭,并使之架空,匹配2台壁挂式空调机,于夏天和秋初将冷气引入架空的气囊内,使粮面覆盖一层严实的冷气囊(即粮面动态隔热结构),不仅确保了储粮安全,而且提高了粮堆气密性,采用双膜冷气囊膜下环流熏蒸用药量少,有效浓度维持时间长,熏蒸效果好.