Review on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal by the Bio-filter

In this paper, the new development of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by bio-filter in home and abroad is summarized.The factors influencing the nitrification-de-nitrification, nitration-denitration, phosphorous removal and simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in bio-filter reactor are reviewed.It is pointed out that further improving the operation, enhancing the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and advancing the process of bio-filter is the aim of study in the future.     

差分分层暗原色先验去雾法

针对烟尘和雾霾等恶劣户外环境下视频图像严重退化的问题,结合大气散射模型和暗原色先验去雾的原理,针对原始算法中暗区域扩张的缺点,提出一种区分图像景深边界的方法。此方法通过对像素求差分能够将不同景深的像素点区分,进而分别求出不同景深图像的透射率,从而达到快速、准确地恢复图像的目的。实验结果表明,这种方法能够具有更高的处理速度和图像细节,更接近实时去雾的要求。     

不同N水平的富营养化水体中经济植物净化能力比较研究

为建立净化富营养化水体的生态工程，本试验选择水芹、水蕹菜、韭菜、葱、黄花菜、芹菜等6种经济植物，研究了各种植物的净化能力及其生物学特性。结果表明：每种经济植物对水体总氮、总磷均有一定的去除作用，特别是水芹和水蕹菜，其在试验的20d内，对总氮、总磷的去除百分率分别为89．5％，98．2％；同时还对6种经济植物引起水体总氮浓度下降与时间关系作回归分析，结果表明随着处理时间的延长，水体中总氮浓度呈负指数形式衰减。本文还对在植物处理过程中，水中Chla、BODs和COD的变化进行了观测。研究表明，在高N水平的富营养化水中除水芹和水蕹菜外，Chla、BOD。和COD随处理时间的延长而下降，但在韭菜和葱处理过程中，水中腥味加重。各项指标综合分析表明，在不同N水平的富营养化水体中，水蕹菜处理效果最好，水芹次之，黄花菜和芹菜居中，韭菜最差。     

Increased degradation of phenanthrene in soil by Pseudomonas sp. GF3 in the presence of wheat

A phenanthrene-degrading bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. GF3 was examined for plant-growth promoting effects and phenanthrene removal in soil artificially contaminated with low and high levels of phenanthrene (0, 100 and 200 mg kg⁻¹) in pot experiments. Low and high phenanthrene treatments significantly decreased the growth of wheat. Inoculation with bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. GF3 was found to increase root and shoot growth of wheat. Strain GF3 was able to degrade phenanthrene effectively in the unplanted and planted soils. Over a period of 80 days the concentration of phenanthrene in soil in which wheat was grown was significantly lower than in unplanted soil (p<0.05). At the end of the 80-d experiments, 62.2% and 42.3% of phenanthrene had disappeared from planted soils without Pseudomonas sp. GF3 when the phenanthrene was added at 100 and 200 mg kg⁻¹ soil, respectively, but 84.8% and 70.2% of phenanthrene had disappeared from planted soils with the bacterial inoculation. The presence of vegetation significantly enhances the dissipation of phenanthrene in the soil. There was no significant difference in soil polyphenol oxidase activities among the applications of 0, 100 and 200 mg kg⁻¹ of phenanthrene. However, the enzyme activities in planted and unplanted soils inoculated with the strain Pseudomonas sp. GF3 were significantly higher than those of non-inoculation controls. The bacterial isolate was also able to colonize and develop in the rhizosphere soil of wheat after inoculation.     

湿地生态系统对污水中重金属的修复作用

湿地污水处理技术的研究是国内外众多学者关注的热点之一。综合国内外在污水湿地处理技术方面的研究成果,对湿地生态系统及其各组成要素对重金属污染的修复作用及其作用机理进行了讨论,针对目前利用湿地生态系统进行重金属污染废水修复过程中应注意的几个问题进行了探讨,并对今后研究发展方向进行了评述。     

空心多茎株型短季棉施氮效应研究初报

试验研究高光效空心多茎株型短季棉施N效应结果表明 ,强源是空心多茎株型短季棉施N增产的主要原因 ,扩库对产量的作用有限。低N量即显著提高空心多茎株型短季棉皮棉产量 ,继续增施N肥则空心多茎株型短季棉仅对N素表现出较强适应性 ,而未能充分发挥其产量潜力 ,表明产量潜力的发挥需要配套栽培技术的支撑     

Characterization of Treatment Processes and Mechanisms of COD, Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal in a Multi-Soil-Layering System

Characteristics of the treatment processes inside a MSL system were investigated by using a laboratory-scale MSL system, which was set up in a D 10 × W 50 × H 73 cm acrylic box enclosing "soil mixture blocks" alternating with permeable zeolite layers. For the study of the treatment processes inside the system, wastewater, with mean concentrations (mg L⁻¹) of COD: 70, T-N: 12, T-P: 0.9, was introduced into the system at a loading rate of 1,000 L m⁻² d⁻¹. Treatment processes in the MSL system were different for the COD, P and N pollutants. Eighty percent of COD was removed in the 1st soil layer among the 6 layers, and the removal rate increased as water moved down and finally reached 90% in the last layer of the system. Phosphorus concentration was lower under the soil mixture layers than under the permeable layers, presumably because P was adsorbed mainly by soil and mixed iron particles. The P concentration in water gradually decreased in the lower layers of the system. The concentration of PO₄^3--P was generally lower in the aerated MSL system than in the non-aerated one. NH₄⁺-N was adsorbed and nitrified in the upper part of the system. The NO₃⁻-N concentration was lower in water under the soil mixture layers than under the permeable layers, indicating that denitrification mainly occurred in the soil mixture layers.     

农业废弃物两相厌氧处理技术的研究

以两只750mlUASB反应器分别作为酸化相和甲烷相进行农业废弃物厌氧处理的研究,两相中,都培养出了颗粒污泥。酸化相有机负荷达240kgCOD/m³[bed]·d,HRT=1.6h,酸化率66％,COD去除率4％～8％,甲烷相有机负荷达88kgCOD/m³[bed]·d,HRT=3.7h,COD去除率大于85％。两相COD总去除率大于90％,总有机负荷60kgCOD/m³[bed]·d。并结合扫描电镜照片,对两相颗粒污泥的形成,菌体分布规律等进行了探讨。     

基于耕作半径的采矿复垦区农村居民点安置规模预测

耕作半径对农村居民点的规模具有重要影响,而地形则是耕作半径的决定因素之一。该文采用耕聚比和缓冲区分析的方法,对比采矿前后农村居民点的耕作半径变化。考虑研究区地形起伏的影响,计算耕作半径地形修正系数,确定最优耕作半径。在此基础上预测矿区复垦后可安置农村居民点的面积、数量及人口。研究结果表明:平朔复垦区农村居民点耕作半径地形修正系数为1.6836,复垦区规划农村居民点最优耕作半径为1 500 m;复垦区预测回迁安置农村居民点总规模约651.24 hm2,共67个农村居民点;预测单个农村居民点面积9.72 hm2,控制耕地面积约109.68 hm2;预测回迁安置总人口约29 521人,共7 380户,该研究结果可为露天采矿复垦区农村居民点回迁安置规模与布局提供决策支持。