海河平原区棉花饲用黑麦复种方式及水肥利用效率分析

2011年10月-2014年10月连续3年在河北省任县安排了定位试验,通过饲用黑麦不同播期与棉花构建几种棉草复种茬口搭配方式,从产量、经济效益、水分利用效率和养分利用效率以及对土壤肥力影响等方面综合分析棉花饲用黑麦复种的可行性及复种方式。结果表明,棉花可与饲用黑麦复种,为降低饲用黑麦对棉花的影响,饲用黑麦可适当推迟到10月20日播种,次年4月底收获,效益可提高5470.1元·hm^-2。棉花饲用黑麦复种与棉花单作相比,平均水分利用率提高16.49%;水分经济利用效率提高56.54%;并且土壤有机质平均增长幅度提高5.71%,土壤含盐量平均降低幅度达到23.72%,土壤改良效果明显;是适用于该区域的高效复种模式。     

薄型高密度纤维板生产设备的要求分析

对薄型中高密度纤维板生产设备的要求作了简要分析。

Abstract：

A brief analysis is made of the requirements for thin medium high density fiberboard product manufacturing equipment.     

一类半线性椭圆问题的瀑布型多重网格法

采用瀑布型多重网格法求解一类半线性椭圆问题.在适当条件下，证明了该算法具有能量范数意义下最优收敛阶和拟最优计算复杂度.     

The combined effects of cover crops and symbiotic microbes on phosphatase gene and organic phosphorus hydrolysis in subtropical orchard soils

P deficiency is a major obstacle for crop production in subtropical red soils in South China, and the hydrolysis of organic P (Po) is of great significance in these soils due to the immobilization of P by Fe and Al. Cover cropping in orchards and symbiotic microbial inoculation are considered to improve soil quality, including P status, however, their effects on the hydrolysis of Po is little known. In this study, five soil managements were established in a guava orchard in South China for two and a half years, including clean culture (CC), cover cropping with Paspalum natatu (PN), PN with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation (PNA), cover cropping with Stylosanthes guianensis (SG), SG with rhizobial inoculation (SGR). Soil chemical, biochemical and microbial properties were analyzed. Results indicate that soil pH and SOM content tended to increase following cover cropping alone or with microbial inoculation. Po content was significantly elevated in PNA. Po fractionation revealed that cover cropping alone or with microbial inoculation significantly affected the contents of moderately labile Po (MLPo) and moderately resistant Po (FAPo). Enzyme assay indicated that cover cropping with microbial inoculation increased the activities of acidic phosphomonoesterase (ACP), neutral phosphomonoesterase (NP) and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP), with ALP the most sensitive, although ACP activity dominated in red soils. Correlation analysis suggested a significantly positive relationship between ALP activity and MLPo or FAPo. PCR-DGGE profile of the alp-harboring bacterial community showed that cover cropping with S. guianensis and mycorrhizal inoculation to P. natatu promoted the bacterial diversity and/or species richness. For almost all the measured parameters, PN and SG were comparable, however, PNA was superior to SGR, indicating the stronger additive effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus than that of rhizobia. Cat-PCA indicated that MLPo was the most influential factor on phosphomonoesterase. In general, this study suggests that, in subtropical orchards with red soil, cover cropping with microbial inoculation can improve the Po hydrolysis via the promoted alp-harboring bacterial community and then ALP activity. Our results also suggest that the combination of P. natatu and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is better than S. guianensis and rhizobia, which possesses practical significance for sustainable production in these orchards.     

甲壳素对连作平邑甜茶生长、光合及抗氧化酶的影响

以苹果连作土盆栽的平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,探讨了0、0.5、1.0和2.5 g·kg-1不同施入量的甲壳素对其光合速率、活性氧含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,1.0 g·kg-1的甲壳素处理能显著促进幼苗株高、地径,干样质量和根冠比的增加,根冠比为对照的1.51倍;明显提高了幼苗叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率,其中光合速率为对照的1.30倍;同时提高了幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,分别为对照的1.10倍、1.85倍、1.77倍和1.43倍;减少了叶片丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和超氧阴离子的积累,分别为对照的73%、62%和34%,降低了脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖含量。当甲壳素施用量为2.5 g·kg-1时则显著抑制平邑甜茶幼苗生长,降低幼苗叶片光合速率和抗氧化酶活性,并使超氧阴离子和脯氨酸含量明显上升。因此,适宜用量的甲壳素能减轻苹果的连作障碍。     

连作及轮作土壤微生物菌群对黄瓜幼苗生长及土壤酶活性的影响

通过植物-土壤反馈试验,研究连作及轮作土壤微生物菌群对黄瓜幼苗生长和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,轮作土壤微生物处理黄瓜植株鲜质量、叶绿素含量、土壤中性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性显著高于连作土壤微生物处理;连作及轮作土壤微生物处理增加了黄瓜幼苗干质量、鲜质量、叶绿素含量及总叶面积,显著提高了土壤中性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶活性。综上,连作及轮作土壤微生物菌群对黄瓜幼苗生长均产生正反馈作用,并且轮作土壤微生物的正反馈作用大于连作土壤微生物。     

Pharmacokinetics of xylazine after 2-, 4-, and 6-hr durations of continuous rate infusions in horses

Intravenous (i.v.) bolus administration of xylazine (XYL) (0.5 mg/kg) immediately followed by a continuous rate infusion (CRI) of 1 mg kg⁻¹ hr⁻¹ for 2, 4, and 6 hr produced immediate sedation, which lasted throughout the duration of the CRI. Heart rate decreased and blood pressure increased significantly (p > .05) in all horses during the first 15 min of infusion, both returned to and then remained at baseline during the duration of the infusion. Compartmental models were used to investigate the pharmacokinetics of XYL administration. Plasma concentration–time curves following bolus and CRI were best described by a one-compartment model. No differences were found between pharmacokinetic estimates of the CRIs for the fractional elimination rate constant (K_e), half-life (t_1/2e), volume of distribution (V_d), and clearance (Cl). Median and range were 0.42 (0.15–0.97)/hr, 1.68 (0.87–4.52) hr, 5.85 (2.10–19.34) L/kg, and 28.7 (19.6–39.5) ml min⁻¹ kg⁻¹, respectively. Significant differences were seen for area under the curve ( ) (p < .0002) and maximum concentration (C_max) (p < .04). This indicates that with increasing duration of infusion, XYL may not accumulate in a clinically relevant way and hence no adjustments are required in a longer XYL CRI to maintain a constant level of sedation and a rapid recovery.     

南方双季稻区小行距插秧机的改进设计与试验

针对300mm行距插秧机在南方双季稻区栽插行距过大、穴数过少及不能充分发挥机插稻的增产潜力问题,在300mm行距插秧机结构的基础上,通过机械优化设计和田间农艺技术相结合的方法,对其插植部箱体、苗箱、支架(包括左右支架和中间支架)和浮板4个关键部位技术参数改进设计,研制出了适合南方双季稻区作业的2ZS-488B型(264mm行距)插秧机,并于2012-2013年在江西省2个试验点进行不同早晚稻品种机插行距的大田对比试验。结果表明:该插秧机作业性能稳定,漂秧率、伤秧率和漏插率分别为1.55%、2.68%和1.93%,相对均匀度合格率为89.54%。与300mm行距插秧机相比,其产量平均增产529.43kg/hm2,平均增产率达8.57%。该研究结果创新了南方双季稻区新的机械化栽插方式,有利于农机农艺的有效融合。     

持续被动运动通过抑制软骨细胞NO合成下调MMP-1和MMP-13表达

目的：观察持续被动运动（CPM）和补充一氧化氮（NO）供体——硝酸甘油（NG）对兔骨关节炎（OA）模型中软骨基质金属蛋白酶-1（MMP-1）和MMP-13表达以及NO含量的影响，探讨CPM下调MMPs的可能机制。方法：30只3~4月龄雄性新西兰大白兔，其中6只进行假手术作为正常对照组（NC组），另外24只建立膝关节OA模型，术后随机分为4组，即OA对照组（OA组）、OA硝酸甘油给药组（NG组）、OA持续被动运动组（CPM组）、OA持续被动运动+硝酸甘油给药组（CPM+NG组），每组各6只。NC组和OA组不作处理，NG组给予NG软膏膝关节局部涂抹，CMP组在CPM训练仪上进行膝关节持续被动运动，CMP+NG组即在运动干预的同时给予NG局部涂抹。4周后取各组软骨组织，硝酸还原酶法测定NO含量，HE染色观察软骨形态学变化并进行Mankin''s评分，实时荧光定量PCR（RQ-PCR）检测MMP-1和MMP-13 mRNA水平，免疫组织化学法测定MMP-1和MMP-13蛋白表达量。结果：NO含量、Mankin''s评分以及MMP-1和MMP-13 mRNA和蛋白水平在OA组明显高于NC组（P<0.01），NG组高于OA组（P<0.01），CPM组低于OA组和NG组（P<0.01），CPM+NG组低于NG组（P<0.01），但高于CPM组（P<0.01）。结论：CPM通过抑制软骨细胞NO合成下调MMP-1和MMP-13表达，进而对软骨细胞起保护作用。     

连作广藿香挥发油及百秋李醇含量的变化

以海南广藿香为试验材料,采用GC-MS对连作障碍下广藿香(连作组)和正常生长广藿香(对照组)在发育过程中的挥发油和百秋李醇含量的变化进行了分析。结果表明:连作组和对照组广藿香挥发油含量均随植株生长期的增加而逐渐增加,在210 d达到最高;生长150 d后,连作组广藿香的挥发油含量增长速度明显低于对照组。连作组和对照组广藿香挥发油中百秋李醇积累模式相似,均呈逐渐增加的趋势,在第210天含量达到最高。在广藿香的不同生长期,连作组广藿香油有效成分百秋李醇含量均低于对照组广藿香,质量更次。连作广藿香的挥发油含量和百秋李醇含量明显下降,为进一步研究提供了基础数据。