强制通风温室中温度分布的试验研究

本文介绍了在强制通风温室中使用水帘和不使用水帘降温时，不同通风率情况下温室温度分布．包括室内外温差、温室长度方向和高度方向温度差的试验测试方法。试验结果表明：在不使用水帘和使用水帘时；温室内温度差在垂直方向最为显著，增大通风率会减少该温度差；与不使用水帘相比，使用水帘时提高通风率对降低室内温度效果显著。     

浇筑温度对碾压混凝土重力坝温度应力的影响

采用三维有限元浮动网格法模拟碾压混凝土重力坝薄层施工过程，对百色碾压混凝土重力坝施工期和运行期的温度场、温度徐变应力场进行了全过程仿真计算，分析了按旬平均气温浇筑和设计浇筑温度浇筑两种不同浇筑温度对坝体温度应力分布的影响．     

胶东半岛丘陵区典型流域气温-降

利用大沽夹河流域1966~2003年各水文站逐年、月气温和降水实测资料，采用线性倾向估计和Mann-Kendall法，对流域气候变化趋势的年季特征及突变性进行了分析。结果表明，（1）近40年来，大沽夹河流域年平均气温整体呈上升趋势，降水呈下降趋势，气候倾向率分别为0.20℃/10a和-42.17mm/10a。（2）春、夏、冬三季平均气温均呈上升趋势，秋季呈下降趋势。春、冬季的气温倾向率大于全年且冬季高于春季（分别为0.216和0.583℃/10a），夏季的气温倾向率（0.01℃/10a）小于全年；各季平均降水的变化趋势与年降水量变化趋势基本相似，整体亦呈减少趋势，但减少的幅度均明显小于全年平均降水。其中，夏秋季下降趋势较快，春冬季较慢，倾向率分别为-21.76、-15.52、-2.52和-2.25mm/10a。（3）除冬季外，各季及年平均气温均在1972年左右发生突变。其中，夏季在1994年左右发生第二次突变，秋季突变次数相对较多；降水的突变多发生在1970s和1980s初。     

环境变化对河北省水资源量的影响

分析了气候变化、地下水超采、地表径流及粮食产量变化等方面对水资源的影响，结论认为，在新一轮水资源评价中，要充分考虑环境变化对水资源量的影响，加强地下水位大埋深条件下地表产流量、地下水补给量以及作物产量水平提高对水资源影响的实验研究，以提高新一轮水资源评价成果的精度。     

湖北省1961年以来气温和降水变化趋势及分布

１９６１年以来湖北省年平均气温变化小，冬变暖夏变凉趋势明显，冬变暖区域集中在江汉平原南部及鄂东大部，夏变凉区域集中在鄂西北。年平均民政部下最高气温有下降趋势，最低气温有升高趋势，夏季的最高气温下降幅度最大、中心在鄂西北、冬季的最低气温增加幅度最大、中心在武汉附近。年降水量有增加趋势，其分布格局是东增西减，南增北减。     

湖北省林火气候的综合分区研究

本文根据主导因子及综合分区原理,对与我省森林火灾有关的主要气候要素进行单项及综合区划,共得到3级共8个林火气候区,其中,重、中等火灾区各占1/7,轻火灾区占5/7。     

西北干旱半干旱区小麦对气候变化响应的评价指标体系*

近年来,在全球变暖的大背景下,西北也经历着同样的变暖趋势,尤其是在西北干旱区新疆、甘肃河西走廊等地的棉花种植区,气候变暖对小麦生长发育的影响研究日益增多,但如何正确、合理的评价小麦对气候变暖的响应,已成为目前十分突出的科学和实际问题。在评价的过程中,评价指标的选择和确定是重中之重。鉴于此,本文筛选了几类重要的评价指标,主要有小麦生长发育、种植结构、 地理分布、农业气象灾害、农业病虫害气象指标等,这些指标的选择为科学评价小麦对气候变化的响应奠定了一定的基础。     

Soil organic‐C accumulation and N availability under improved pastures established in Mediterranean oak woodlands

Long‐term effects of improved pasture establishment (with high proportion of legumes) on soil organic‐C status and N availability in Mediterranean cork oak (Quercus suber L.) woodlands were assessed. Soils were sampled beneath scattered crowns and in open areas, considering two systems: unmanaged and managed woodlands where improved pastures were installed 26 and 32 years ago. Total and labile C and N pools were measured and C and N mineralization were determined over 24 weeks laboratory incubation. Soils under improved pastures showed higher organic‐C, total‐N and net N mineralization than those under unmanaged pasture, mainly when established beneath trees. Potentially mineralizable C, C mineralization rate and microbial C were not statistically different between the unmanaged and improved pasture sites, but were higher closer to the tree than in the open area (1.8, 1.2 and 1.2 times, respectively). The qCO₂ was higher in improved pastures (1.7 times). Labile pool of C and N extracted with hot water increased under improved pasture (3.4 and 1.7 times, respectively). Results indicate that soil quality amelioration by improved pastures is stronger in the presence of oak trees. Management systems that favour oak tree maintenance and regeneration should be taken into account to reverse soil degradation.     

A possible mechanism of mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains

Increasing attentions have been paid to mineral concentration decrease in milled rice grains caused by CO2 enrichment, but the mechanisms still remain unclear. Therefore, mineral(Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn) translocation in plant-soil system with a FACE(Free-air CO2 enrichment) experiment were investigated in Eastern China after 4-yr operation. Results mainly showed that:(1) elevated CO2 significantly increased the biomass of stem and panicle by 21.9 and 24.0%, respectively, but did not affect the leaf biomass.(2) Elevated CO2 significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in panicle by 61.2, 28.9, 87.0, 36.7, and 66.0%, respectively, and in stem by 13.2, 21.3, 47.2, 91.8, and 25.2%, respectively, but did not affect them in leaf.(3) Elevated CO2 had positive effects on the weight ratio of mineral/biomass in stem and panicle. Our results suggest that elevated CO2 can favor the translocation of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn from soil to stem and panicle. The CO2-led mineral decline in milled rice grains may mainly attribute to the CO2-led unbalanced stimulations on the translocations of minerals and carbohydrates from vegetative parts(e.g., leaf, stem, branch and husk) to the grains.