蜡蚧轮枝菌MZ041024菌株对平菇厉眼蕈蚊成虫的毒力测定

[目的]研究蜡蚧轮枝菌MZ041024菌株对平菇厉眼蕈蚊成虫的致病力。[方法]以采集于蒙自食用菌栽培地的菌袋上的平菇厉眼蕈蚊为试材,蜡蚧轮枝菌MZ041024菌株的分生孢子浓度共设5．0×10^4～5．0×10^8个／ml的5个处理浓度,对平菇厉眼蕈蚊成虫进行室内毒力测定。[结果]蜡蚧轮枝菌MZ041024菌株对平菇厉眼蕈蚊成虫的毒力随分生孢子浓度的增加而增强,第2天开始出现平菇厉眼蕈蚊成虫死亡,在5．0×10^4～5．0×10^8个/ml的5个浓度处理的成虫死亡率分别为31．92％、45．16％、62．25％、73．03％和79．78％;第4～7天的致死中浓度（LC50）分别为3．581×10^8、2．451×10^7、4．218×10^6和2．648×10^5个／ml;5．0×10^5～5．0×10^8个／ml浓度下成虫的致死中时间（LT50）随着分生孢子浓度的增加而逐渐缩短,由7．5d缩短到4．8d。[结论]蜡蚧轮枝菌MZ041024菌株在室内对平菇厉眼蕈蚊成虫具有较强的毒力和较好的防治效果。     

石斛象甲蜡蚧轮枝菌生物学特性·毒力及其可湿性粉剂的研究

[目的]探讨石斛象甲蜡蚧轮枝菌的生物学特性及其毒力。[方法]以从石斛象甲上分离出的蜡蚧轮枝菌为研究对象,研究温度对该菌菌落生长和菌落产孢量的影响以及该菌对烟蚜的毒力及其可湿性粉剂对烟蚜的毒力。[结果]该菌菌丝生长和产孢的最适温度为30℃。该菌株对烟蚜有较高的毒力,随着浓度升高,杀虫效果明显增强,120h菌株的致死中浓度降到最低,为3．27×10^5孢子／ml。用固体培养法制成的粉剂悬浮率为74．65％,润湿时间为3．08min,在28℃培养48h可湿性粉剂的萌发率可达到85．8％。室内毒力测定表明该制剂对烟蚜具有较高的毒力。[结论]该研究为进一步开发利用石斛象甲蜡蚧轮枝菌防治害虫提供了依据。     

河南省棉花黄萎病菌培养特性与致病力分化研究

从河南主要产棉区发病棉株中分离35个棉花黄萎病菌菌株。根据致病力测定结果,将河南黄萎病菌菌株和2个对照菌株划分为强致病力菌株、中等致病力菌株和弱致病力菌株3种类型,分别占24.3%、54.1%和21.6%。通过对其培养性状的测定发现,各地棉花黄萎病菌菌株的菌落生长速度和微菌核形成能力等培养性状上存在一定的差异,多数菌株为菌核型,占70.3%,少数为中间型和菌丝型,分别占21.6%和8.1%。不同培养类型的菌株致病力也不同,以菌丝型的菌株致病力最强,菌核型次之,中间型最弱。研究还发现,不同地区棉花黄萎病菌菌株间的致病力存在一定差异,同一地区的不同菌株间致病力也有一定差异。     

大丽轮枝菌拮抗细菌HMB-1005菌株的鉴定

产芽孢细菌HMB-1005对棉花黄萎病病原菌大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)有强烈拮抗作用。盆栽试验显示:HMB-1005对棉花黄萎病有较好的防效。通过对菌落菌体形态观察、生理生化试验和16S rDNA序列分析,以及对HMB-1005菌株分类地位进行鉴定。结果表明:HMB-1005菌株的菌落菌体形态及19项生理生化特征与解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amylolique faciens)完全相符,16S rDNA序列同源相似度为99.28%,因此,可将HMB-1005菌株归为解淀粉芽孢杆菌。     

广东丝瓜主要品种对枯萎病抗性的鉴定与评价

收集了目前在广东推广种植的11个丝瓜品种,通过室内人工接种,鉴定与评价了这些丝瓜品种的枯萎病抗性水平,结果显示:雅绿一号、夏绿3号和乐满田1号3个品种对枯萎病表现为抗病,宝利来二号、夏盛、雅绿二号、绿胜2号、美绿二号、春丰和绿宝春F_17个品种对枯萎病表现为中抗(耐病),而孖宝夏对枯萎病表现为感病,说明目前广东省生产上推广种植的丝瓜品种中绝大多数对枯萎病表现为抗或中抗.     

番茄抗青枯病种质资源遗传多样性的AFLP分析

    利用银染AFLP分子标记技术,对不同来源的18份番茄青枯病抗病材料和2份感病材料进行亲缘关系和遗传多样性分析.从64对引物中筛选出扩增效果稳定、多态性好的5对引物组合分别对20份材料的基因组DNA进行扩增,共扩增出清晰的条带201条,其中74条具有多态性,多态性位点百分率为36.8%.这一结果表明供试的抗青枯病番茄材料在DNA水平上的酶切位点分布存在一定的差异.应用NTSYS软件计算供试材料间的遗传相似系数,其变化范围为0.76～1.00.以遗传相似系数0.88为阈值进行UPGMA聚类分析,20份供试材料分成2个复合组和5个独立组.以上结果在DNA水平上为番茄抗青枯病育种的亲本选配提供了参考依据.     

化学杀菌剂和生防菌对棉花黄萎病联合作用机制研究

为了研究化学药物和生防菌对棉花黄萎病联合作用机制,将绿色木霉菌与多菌灵等化学药物结合使用,通过检测棉花过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶含量与棉花黄萎病发生之间的关系表明,绿色木霉菌与多菌灵防治棉花黄萎病有协同作用,而五氯硝基苯和利福平与绿色木霉菌则没有协同作用,从而为生物防治和化学防治的结合找到理论依据.     

Transformation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with the green fluorescent protein gene and fluorescence of hyphae in four inoculated hosts

To obtain a genetic marker to observe and study the interaction of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with its hosts, isolates ND30 and ND21 were transformed using pCT74 and gGFP constructs, both containing genes for the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and hygromycin B phosphotransferase. Putative transformants were obtained using polyethylene glycol-mediated transformation of protoplasts. Seven stable gfp transformants were identified and evaluated for fluorescence in vitro and in planta , pathogenicity and colonization of host tissues. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detected a single copy of the gfp gene in transformants. Fluorescence was quantified directly from mycelium and protein extracted from hyphae. The seven transformants (four from ND30 and three from ND21) were pathogenic on dry bean, canola, soybean and sunflower. However, depending on the host, three transformants differed significantly ( P  = 0·05) in the length of lesions formed compared to the wild-type. Hyphae fluoresced in plant tissue and could clearly be distinguished from plant cells. Infection and colonization of tissues were clearly visible with a fluorescent microscope. Transformants differed in the intensity of GFP expression both in vitro and in planta .     

Vegetative compatibility and pathogenicity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Verticillium dahliae</Emphasis> isolates from chrysanthemum in Turkey

A collection of 30 strains of Verticillium dahliae, recovered during 2004–2006 from 12 cultivars of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) in five districts of İzmir province in Turkey, was assigned to vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) based on pairings of complementary nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants induced on a chlorate-containing medium. Of these strains, nine were assigned to VCG1, seven to VCG2A, 11 toVCG2B and one to VCG4B. The remaining two strains could not be tested for vegetative compatibility because of their inability to yield nit mutants. Pathogenicity tests conducted by the root-dip method, demonstrated that wilt of chrysanthemum in Turkey is caused by V. dahliae, and most strains in VCG1 were significantly more aggressive to chrysanthemum than those in VCGs 2 and 4B. This is the first known study in the world of the VCGs of V. dahliae isolates from chrysanthemum.     

Comparison of the reproductive potential of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Monochamus galloprovincialis</Emphasis> on two pine species under laboratory conditions

Monochamus galloprovincialis Olivier (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the vectors of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae), the causal agent of pine wilt in susceptible pine trees. It is therefore important to study both the biological and ecological characteristics of the beetle. In this study reproductive potentials of female beetles reared on two pine species were investigated under laboratory conditions and compared using fertility tables constructed for beetles reared on each tree species. Beetle population parameters were compared between tree species. The intrinsic rate of increase and associated population parameters of beetles reared on Pinus sylvestris L. were consistently higher than those reared on P. nigra Arnold. This result suggests that P. sylvestris has a significantly greater positive effect on the reproductive potential of M. galloprovincialis populations than does P. nigra.