康宁木霉SMF2防治大白菜软腐病研究

利用康宁木霉SMF2分生孢子制剂进行了防治大白菜软腐病的田间药效试验。结果表明：2 000 g/667m^2康宁木霉SMF2分生孢子制剂防治大白菜软腐病效果最好,防治效果为82.08%,明显高于大面积推广应用的农用链霉素的防治效果69.81%,差异极显著,康宁木霉SMF2防治大白菜软腐病的持效期比农用链霉素长。     

Phenotypic characterization and cultivation conditions of inhibitor-producing fungus isolated from marine sediment

ABSTRACT:   Tyrosinase inhibitor-producing fungus of Trichoderma sp. strain H1-7, which was isolated from marine sediment, was investigated by phylogenetic analysis and physiological characteristics. Phylogenetic analyses of the strain were similar to Trichoderma atroviride or T. viride . Physiological characteristics of the strain were similar to T. viride , and based on these results, it was identified as T. viride . Characterization of tyrosinase inhibitory activity of a culture supernatant of the strain was investigated. The inhibitory activity of the supernatant of the strain decreased after cultivation for more than 3 days. Furthermore, sea water was not essential for the production of the tyrosinase inhibitor (TI). When TI production of the strain was compared to T. viride , the strain showed higher activity than T. viride . From this result, it seemed that the strain had characteristic features comparable to T. viride , which was isolated from the terrestrial environment. As TI production of the strain showed higher potential than that of T. viride , it is necessary to elucidate the chemical structure of TI exemplified in the present study.     

Evaluating fungi‐degraded date pits as a feed ingredient for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L.

Five isocaloric‐isonitrogenous diets containing 0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 g kg^?1 of fungi Trichoderma reesei‐degraded date pits (DDP), as a replacement for dietary corn, were fed to triplicate groups of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. fingerlings (1.88 g initial weight), for 9 weeks, in 70 L fibreglass tanks. Each tank was considered as an experimental unit and was part of a water recirculating system utilizing filtered and aerated ground well water (24 ± 3 °C). Tilapia growth performance, namely, weight gain, feed conversion, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were similar and superior in fish fed diets containing 150 and 300 g kg^?1 DDP, when compared with those fish fed the other diets. Fish fed the control diet with 450 g kg^?1 DDP had better growth efficiency performance than those fed diets containing 0 and 600 g kg^?1. Fish fed the diet with 600 g kg^?1 DDP were inferior to all other groups. Tilapia body composition was affected by increasing DDP level in the diets as body fat was decreased, while body moisture was increased. In conclusion, DDP could replace 300 g kg^?1 of dietary corn with better growth results. Further increase of date pits replacements to 450 g kg^?1 will affect growth performance, when compared with the control.     

不同复合微生物菌剂对牛粪堆肥效果的影响

为了探讨不同复合微生物菌剂对牛粪堆肥的影响,该试验以70％牛粪+30％玉米秸秆为堆肥材料(C/N=(25～35)/1),设计4个堆肥处理,前3个处理组分别加入0.1％的复合微生物菌剂1(枯草芽孢杆菌+细黄链霉菌(1∶1))、复合微生物菌剂2(里氏木霉+细黄链霉菌(1∶1))和复合微生物菌剂3(枯草芽孢杆菌+里氏木霉+细...     

木霉菌对杨树烂皮病防治的研究

杨树烂皮病发生普遍,对杨、柳树种的发展影响很大。应用分离到的木霉菌防治杨树烂皮病取得了明显的防效。为明确木霉菌对杨树烂皮病菌拮抗效果及机制,从室内培养、田间接种等方面进行了试验,取得了很好效果,为利用木霉菌生物防治杨树烂皮病提供了理论基础。     

不同种子处理方法下长枝木霉T6菌株对小油菜促生作用及生理特性的影响

为了明确长枝木霉T6菌株(Trichoderma longibrachiatm)对小油菜(Brassica chinensis)促生效果及生理特性的影响，通过水琼脂培养法、浸泡法和灌根法进行种子处理，并测定了长枝木霉T6菌株及其孢子悬浮液和发酵滤液处理后小油菜种子活性、根系发育及幼苗叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量的变化情况。结果表明：与对照相比，采用水琼脂培养法，接种长枝木霉T6菌株后小油菜种子发芽率、发芽指数、胚根长度、胚芽长度、幼苗鲜重和干重相对增长率分别为2.51%、20.55%、70.79%、21.98%、32.00%和30.00%,幼苗根系总投影面积、总根表面积、平均根系直径、总根体积和根尖数相对增长率分别为58.49%、58.79%、18.18%、100.00%和77.88%;采用种子浸泡法，浓度为1.0×10⁷ cfu·mL^-1长枝木霉T6菌株孢子悬浮液处理后显著提高了小油菜种子发芽率、发芽指数、胚根长度、胚芽长度、幼苗鲜重和干重，其相对增长率分别为2.06%、19.60%、82.21%、43.36%、31.58%和40.00%,根系总...     

拟康氏木霉菌剂对黄瓜幼苗生长、抗氧化系统及枯萎病防效的影响

于2019年5—8月采用前期筛选出的对黄瓜枯萎病菌有较好拮抗作用的拟康氏木霉Trichoderma pseudokoningii 886菌株，通过盆栽实验，测定不同菌剂施用量对黄瓜幼苗生长、抗氧化系统以及对黄瓜枯萎病防效的影响。结果表明：拟康氏木霉不同施用量均能提高对黄瓜枯萎病的防效，其中10⁵ cfu·g^-1拟康氏木霉厚垣孢子菌剂应用效果最好，对黄瓜枯萎病的防效达到83.98%；与CK（只接种病原菌）相比，拟康氏木霉不同施用量均能提高黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、根体积、根冠比和壮苗指数，其中10⁵ cfu·g^-1拟康氏木霉厚垣孢子菌剂对黄瓜幼苗形态建成的促进效果最好；拟康氏木霉不同施用量均能提高瓜幼苗叶片中CAT、POD、SOD、APX、PPO活性和Pro含量，降低叶片中的MDA含量和质膜透性，其中10⁵ cfu·g^-1拟康氏木霉厚垣孢子菌剂对黄瓜幼苗抗氧化系统促进效果最好；在播种后30 d，黄瓜幼苗叶片中CAT、POD、SOD、APX、PPO活性和Pro含量分别比CK提高了119.96%、213.75%、139.29%、97.53%、101.15%、70.38%，相对电导率、MDA含量则分别比CK下降了46.10%、60.28%。研究表明拟康氏木霉886厚垣孢子菌剂通过提高黄瓜幼苗抗氧化系统能力，促进了幼苗形态建成，提高了对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果。     

水稻纹枯病生防木霉菌分离鉴定及适应性研究

为筛选对水稻纹枯病具有生防潜力的木霉菌，采用稀释涂布平板法从不同植物根际土样中分离纯化出20株木霉菌菌株。通过室内平板对峙培养试验，发现D1菌株及其发酵浓缩液对水稻纹枯病菌的抑制作用较强，抑菌率达分别达到了80.82%和69.55%。D1菌株对水稻安全，比对照增产27.41%；D1菌株对水稻纹枯病的防效范围为51.09%~70.64%。先用D1菌株处理24 h后接种纹枯病菌的防效最高，其次是纹枯病菌和D1菌株同时处理，先接病菌24 h后再用D1菌株处理的防效最低。说明D1菌株对纹枯病有预防和治疗作用，预防效果优于治疗。经形态学和分子生物学初步鉴定D1菌株为短密木霉（Trichoderma brevicompactum）。D1菌株与辣椒炭疽病菌等8种作物病原菌真菌对峙培养，对它们的生长抑菌率在63.03%~95.18%。在20~30 ℃和pH 4~5时D1菌株对纹枯病菌的抑菌效果最好。5种杀菌剂对D1菌株的菌丝生长毒力不同，EC₅₀值为0.042~384.24 mg·L^-1，在田间常用水平下均有较强的抑菌作用，抑菌率为75.8%~100%。研究结果为水稻纹枯病的无公害防治提供了理论依据。     

木霉菌对植物寄生线虫防治作用机制

生物防治不仅作为植物寄生线虫病安全有效的防治措施，而且其具有降低化学农药施用量和减少环境污染的作用。木霉菌作为一种生防潜力巨大的线虫病防治真菌，已被广泛研究并应用于植物寄生线虫病的防治。本文主要从木霉防治植物寄生线虫病的直接和间接生防机制的视角，综述了木霉对线虫的重寄生作用、毒杀作用以及木霉对植物的诱导抗性、促生作用等多种协同防治植物寄生线虫的机制，展望了今后需要继续扩大对杀线木霉资源种类的调查和挖掘、木霉菌对植物寄生线虫的作用机理以及从分子水平上加深对木霉防治线虫病机制的研究，旨在为科学利用木霉菌防治植物线虫病提供参考。     

木霉和杀菌剂联用对橡胶榕白绢病菌的抑制作用

采用对峙培养法和混合法,分别测试哈茨木霉(Trichoderma huzirum)和绿色木霉(Trichoderma virid)对印度橡胶榕(Ficus elastica)白绢病致病菌齐整小核菌的抑制作用;分析8种杀菌剂(咯菌腈、苯醚甲环唑、咪鲜胺、啶氧菌酯、嘧菌酯、醚菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯、多菌灵)与木霉的相容性以及对白...