家蚕抗菌肽对花生青枯病菌的抑制作用初报

试验结果表明，家蚕抗菌肽对花生青枯病具有抑制作用。家蚕抗菌肽粗制品用量在２０～２５μｌ／孔时，抑制效果较明显。花生青枯病病菌的生长速率与家蚕抗菌肽浓度对数值间呈负相关。     

养蛆产物对苦瓜枯萎病抑菌抗病的效果初探

应用盆栽防治试验和培养基培养法相结合的方法,研究了养蛆产物对苦瓜枯萎病病原菌的抑菌抗病效果.结果表明,养蛆产物中蝇蛆组织捣碎液(Ⅰ)、蛆粪浸提液(Ⅲ)、蛆饲料土施(Ⅳ)和蛆粪土施(Ⅴ)能显著减轻苦瓜枯萎病发病率,不同处理对苦瓜枯萎病的抗病性具有一定差异.蝇蛆组织捣碎液、蛆粪浸提液和蛆粪土施处理的病株率分别只占对照的17.7%、31.1%、37.0%,病情指数分别只占对照13.1%、53.1%、39.6%.蝇蛆组织捣碎液和蛆粪浸提液对病原菌菌丝生长和生物量有显著的抑制作用,而蛆饲料浸提液无明显的效果.     

Progresses in the Mechanism of Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in Cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.）

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum （Owen） is one of the most devastating diseases in cucumber production worldwide. Recent progresses in the mechanism of resistance to Fusarium wilt in cucumber were reviewed in this paper, including pathogenic mechanism of Fusarium oxysporum, the resistance mechanism of cucumber, the heredity of resistance, and the location of resistance genes. Following works should be the location and cloning of resistance genes with molecular biologic methods.     

鲜食番茄品种遗传多样性分析及指纹图谱构建

选取市场上广泛使用和拟进入市场的75份番茄材料,利用栽培种间多态性丰富的48对InDel标记进行遗传多样性分析,并选取其中24对标记进行指纹图谱构建。结果表明,48对InDel标记中,45对呈现较好的多态性;75份番茄材料的遗传距离为0.16～0.91,平均遗传距离为0.52;聚类分析将75份材料分为5个类群,其中第Ⅰ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ类群以国内品种为主,第Ⅱ和Ⅲ类群主要集中了国外公司的一些品种;选取24对覆盖全基因组的InDel标记进行指纹图谱构建,基本可以将75份番茄材料进行识别。     

瓜类枯萎病生防菌WQ-6的筛选鉴定、发酵工艺优化及防效研究

为研发对瓜类枯萎病有防治作用的微生物菌剂，以4种枯萎病菌（黄瓜2种、西瓜1种、甜瓜1种）为供试病原菌，采用平板对峙法结合抑制菌丝生长速率法，从蚯蚓堆肥中筛选到1株对4种病原菌均有显著抑制效果的拮抗细菌WQ-6。鉴定发现，WQ-6为暹罗芽孢杆菌（Bacillus siamensis）。通过单因素试验和响应面分析法优化培养条件，获得了菌株WQ-6最适的发酵工艺（葡萄糖30 g ? L-1，蛋白胨30 g ? L-1，硫酸镁1 g ? L-1，甘油1 g ? L-1，磷酸氢二钾1.5 g ? L-1，温度32.2 ℃，装液量19.2%，转速236.2 r ? min-1，pH 6.0，接种量4%，培养时间24 h），使得WQ-6发酵液对枯萎病菌的抑菌直径和抑菌率较优化前分别增加了3.52 ~ 10.45 mm和2.28% ~ 32.16%。黄瓜、西瓜和甜瓜种子发芽和盆栽试验表明，菌株WQ-6使接种枯萎病菌的种子发病率降低了32% ~ 68%，发芽率提高了100% ~ 259.6%，植株病情指数下降了20% ~ 34%。此外，菌株WQ-6发酵液复配蚯蚓堆肥浸提液后，与WQ-6发酵液相比，种子的根长、茎长和活力指数显著提高，对病原菌的防治效果提高了6.78% ~ 36.44%。上述结果表明菌株WQ-6对瓜类枯萎病菌有广谱性防效，并具有良好的促根壮秧能力。     

高品质番茄基质栽培灌溉决策研究

设置基于光辐射、基质含水量+回液电导率和时序灌溉决策3个处理,通过监测番茄株高、茎粗、产量、品质和基质含水量等指标,探索高品质番茄基质栽培灌溉决策。结果表明:基于光辐射和基质含水量+回液电导率灌溉决策的番茄长势和产量均优于时序灌溉决策,果实糖酸比分别比时序灌溉决策提高了60.8%和54.3%,番茄红素含量分别提高了14.9%和18.6%,灌溉液生产效率分别提高了39.6%和49.6%。集成的高品质番茄自动灌溉决策,为实现智能水肥管理提供了模型支撑。     

天津地区番茄褪绿病毒的分子检测与基因组部分序列分析

为了确定天津番茄产区是否发生了番茄褪绿病毒病,了解该病毒天津分离物的主要基因是否发生变异,对该地区发生的To CV进行了分子检测,并对该病毒的外壳蛋白(CP)和热激蛋白70类似物(Hsp70h)的核苷酸和氨基酸进行了序列分析。结果表明,天津分离物CP蛋白的核苷酸和氨基酸序列与已报道的具有代表性的不同国家的分离物相似性均在97.3%以上。Hsp70h蛋白的核酸和氨基酸序列与已报道的具有代表性的不同国家的分离物相似性均在97.2%以上。表明CP和Hsp70h蛋白是2个最保守的蛋白。这是首次在分子水平上证明番茄褪绿病毒在天津地区为害。     

Analysis of Cotton Secondary Metabolites under the Interaction between Verticillium dahliae and Upland Cotton

[Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate the cotton differential metabolites in the interaction between Verticillium dahliae and cotton plant, and to explore new clues for the further study on the defense mechanism of cotton against V. dahliae. [Method] To obtain the cotton root, stem and leaf samples of the pathogen treated and healthy controls, the upland cotton cultivar CCRI 24 was selected as tested cotton material in this paper, and inoculated with V. dahliae conidia or sterile water by injuring root at the 2-true-leaf stage. The 70% (volume fraction) methanol extracts of these samples were separated and detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS), and the metabolite data were obtained by the online XCMS software. Through multivariate statistics and student’s t-test, the differential metabolites were investigated. The types of metabolites were putatively identified based on the comparison of the experimental molecular mass and the monoisotopic accurate molecular mass of cotton metabolites. [Result] The efficiency of negative ion mode was higher than that of positive ion detection mode in the cotton metabolites in UPLC-ESI-MS analysis. 576 ions mainly distributed in cotton root were found in the cotton seedling tissues including root, stem and leaf, which were the distinguished differential metabolites between V. dahliae treatment and healthy control. Among them, 77 ions were identified as sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, aliphatics and phenols. In addition to sesquiterpenes, 17 compounds, including caffeic acid, astragalin, isoastragalin, dillenetin, ent-catechin, gossypetin 8-rhamnoside, gossypicyanin, herbacetin 7-glucoside, leucocyanidin, quercetin 3'-glucoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 7-glycosides, α,2',3,3',4,4',6-heptahydroxychalcone 2'-glucoside, melibiose, sucrose, sucrose 6-phosphate and 1-tetratriacontanol, had not been reported in the literatures on the interaction between V. dahliae and cotton, which may be the novel pathogenesis-related metabolites on cotton Verticillium wilt. [Conclusion] The putative pathogenesis-related metabolites of cotton Verticillium wilt may play an important role in the interaction of cotton defense against V. dahliae, which provides an important clue for exploring the new resistant mechanism of cotton to Verticillium wilt.     

Evaluation of bacterial biological control agents for control of root-knot nematode disease on tomato

Among 19 bacterial strains isolated in Yunnan from rhizosphere soils and plant tissues, Bacillus methylotrophicus strain R2-2 and Lysobacter antibioticus strain 13-6 exhibited the highest antagonistic activity against the tomato root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in plate and greenhouse pot experiments. The two strains, when applied as soil drenches or seed treatments in greenhouse experiments, reduced root-knot severity and incidence on tomato compared to no-bacteria controls. In tomato field trials conducted in separate years, soil drench treatment with either strain reduced root-knot disease levels and increased yields compared to the control. Levels of disease control and yield enhancement provided by the strains were higher than those using the chemicals abamectin and carbofuran. This is the first report of B. methylotrophicus being used as a biocontrol agent against a plant parasitic nematode and the first demonstration that B. methylotrophicus and L. antibioticus can suppress disease caused by root-knot nematodes in the field.     

Evaluation of soil enzyme activities and microbial communities in tomato continuous cropping soil treated with jerusalem artichoke residues

ABSTRACT

Jerusalem artichoke (JY) (Helianthus tuberosus L.) has been reported to have a strong inhibitory effect on weed growth and root knot nematodes, but little information is available on the effects on soil ecosystems, especially soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activities. Understanding the dynamics of soil microbes and soil enzyme activities in cropping systems can help determine how agricultural practices influence soil processes mediated by JY residues. This study used a pot experiment, with five-year continuous cropping soil of tomato plants as the experimental material and 2% (w/w) JY residue as the treatment material in the soil. The treatment was compared to continuously monocropped tomato soil that was not treated with JY residues. The results of 16S high-throughput sequencing showed that both fungal and bacterial community structure and composition varied significantly at each stage of JY treatment. The analysis showed that the major phyla in the soil fungal community included Ascomycota, Zygomycota and Basidiomycota. Chytridiomycota was dominant in only the JY-treated soil. At the genus level, the abundances of Mortierella, Cephaliophora, Cryptococcus and Fusarium notably changed at each stage of JY treatment. In the bacterial community in the JY-treated group, the abundance of Proteobacteria increased significantly, while that of Firmicutes decreased significantly, compared to the control group. JY enhanced the activity of soil sucrase and urease. In addition, the soil sucrase activity showed a strong negative correlation with Fusarium and Bacillus. Overall, our results revealed that JY residues changed both the soil bacterial and fungal community composition and the soil enzyme activities.