杉木杂交后代胸径生长和木材体积质量的遗传变异及联合选择

研究了１０年生杉木杂交后代试验林的胸径生长和木材体积质量的遗传变异规律。结果表明：杉木胸径和木材体积质量在后代间存在显著差异,胸径的遗传变异系数为７．３９％,而木材的变异系数只有４．４５％,胸径的广义遗传力为０．７７,木材体积质量的广义遗传力则为０．８６;胸径与木材体积质量的遗传相关表现出中度以上的负相关（－０．６０４９）。采用简单指数法评选出４个优良杂交组合,胸径遗传增益为９．１８％,而木材体积     

Analysis of generation means and components of variance for parthenocarpy in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Parthenocarpy (seedless fruit) has potential for increasing yield in cucumber (Cucumis sativus var. sativus L.). To determine the inheritance of parthenocarpy in gynoecious cucumber, P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, BC₁P₁, and BC₁P₂ generations derived from crossing two non‐parthenocarpic gynoecious inbred lines [Gy8 (P₂; processing type) and ‘Marketmore 80’ (P₂; MM, fresh market type)] with a highly parthenocarpic inbred line [2A (P₁; processing type)] were evaluated for fruit number in a greenhouse at Arlington, Wisc. in 1999 (designated 2A × Gy8 1999) and in the open‐field at Hancock, Wisc. in 2000 (designated 2A × Gy8 2000 and 2A × MM 2000). There were significant location and location × generation interaction effects, and therefore generation means analyses were conducted separately for each location. The minimum numbers of effective factors controlling parthenocarpy were estimated to be at least one (2A × Gy8 1999), two (2A × Gy8 2000) and four (2A × MM 2000). Results suggest that selection for parthenocarpy for multiple hand harvest operations will likely be more effective than that for once‐over machine harvest operations. However, the selection efficiency will likely vary across different populations and environments.     

On the selection for specific genes by single seed descent

Summary Single seed descent is an easy inbreeding strategy aimed at deferring selection in successive generations of a cross between two homozygous lines to that generation for which selection looks most successful. Different selection aims are discussed. For characters that are determined by a small number of (major) genes, numbers of plants and generations are tabulated that guarantee the breeder to achieve his aim with a given level of heterozygosity and a given probability.     

PP333诱导芦笋试管苗生根效果的研究

将芦笋腋芽继代培养所分化的芽丛切取2～3mm长的茎段,接种至MS添加适量的PP_(333),IBA,NAA,KT的培养基上诱导生根,经10～15d培养,80％～90％的茎段产生鸡爪根;Franclin,UC_(157)和Mary Washington三个品种的生根率分别为75.5％,88.9％和88.9％;茎切段经第3代培养后至第10代生根率出现达80％以上的均衡峰值。     

中西人权观源流新探

本文从“三代人权论”谈起，指出人权学说有一个发生、发展和完善的过程。“人权”虽然是一个近代西方的概念，但是人权作为一种实存和理念无论在古代希腊和古代中国即己存在。中西人权观具有共同的特点，即都是建立在人性论、“自然论”基础之上，都反对君权专制和暴政。不过，中西人权观也有明显的区别，即西方人权观是与民主政治相结合的，而中国的人权观是与“王道”相结合的;西方人权观的核心是“人”，而中国人权观的核心是“民”;西方人权观与法制相结合，中国的人权观与人治相结合。具有现代性的第三代人权观则强调“人类人I权”，它既吸收了中西人权观的合理因素，又超越了传统的中西人权观。     

桑粉虱的生物学特性调查研究

通过系统的调查研究 ,初步查明桑粉虱在江苏省吴江市的发生世代为 8代 ,在日均温度 2 6 6～ 2 7 9℃环境中 ,其成虫、卵、幼虫、蛹的历期分别为 3 2、4 5、16 5、5 7d ,完成 1个世代约需 1个月左右 ;雌雄性比为 12 3∶1,种群消长受气候、天敌、农药防治等影响较大。在调查中首次发现了桑粉虱的新天敌———长跗浆角蚜小蜂。     

落实科学发展观的经济学考察

落实科学发展观,必须正确处理好人地关系,实现人地和谐发展;正确处理不同地区与行业之间的相互关系,实现“代内和谐发展”;正确处理当代与子孙后代之间的发展关系,实现“代际和谐发展”。从经济学的角度看,正确处理好了这三大关系,实现了三大和谐发展,就为落实科学发展观,加速推进社会主义现代化建设奠定了坚实基础。     

湿地松单亲子代遗传变异分析

来自４个省份，５个引种群体的３０个优树单亲子代测定１５年结果表明：参试家系在材积、胸径和对褐斑病感病性上存在极显著的遗传差异。其中福建南屿家系群体生长快．树皮薄，侧枝数多；江苏和南京家系生长最差；江西家系平均抗褐斑病能力最强。通过多重比较，初步筛选出ＦＪＮＹ—００３．ＪＸＪＡ—０７７，ＡＨＪＸ—００１和ＪＸＪＡ—０８７等４个家系，它们材积平均生长比ＣＫ快３８．４％，平均遗传增益为１７．０６％；胸径平均遗传增益为５．１２％，感病性降低５．４３％。文中对性状间相关及其遗传参数也作了分析。     

Distribution of the Classification Traits in the F2 Progeny of Two Crosses of indica／japonica in Rice （Oryza sativa）

Comparison of seed setting rate, plant height and Cheng‘s morphological traits were made between the F2 progeny of indica-japonica hybrids, 02428/Pei‘ai 64 and Taichung 65/Teqing. There existed resemblance normal distribution in plant height, and the distribution had no relationship with the seed setting rate and plant height in F1 progeny, suggesting that there were no gametic selection for the plant height in the F2 progeny of indica-japonica hybrids. An average seed setting rate of the F2 was equal to the F1 populations in the recombination of 02428/Pei‘ai 64 in which there was an excellent cross compatibility, but the remarkable increase in the seed setting rate from the F1 to F2 in Taichung 65/Teqing, indicating that gametic selection only took place in the indica-japonica crosses with low cross compatibility while null or little in the hybrids with high compatibility. There were many intermediate types among the leaf pubescence, color of hull at heading, and length of the first and second panicle internode, and these Cheng‘s morphological traits was distributed normally; there were also a little intermediate types in hull hairness and phenol reaction with bi-peak distribution; while length to width ratio of grain was inclined to the japonica types obviously showing a skewed distribution in the Fz population. Although Cheng‘s morphological traits in F2 populations had inconsistent distribution types, Cheng‘s morphological traits index showed normal distribution, which suggested that intermediate types, i.e. indicalinous or japonicalinous, were primary in F2 population.     

数量性状主-多基因混合遗传的P_1、P_2、F_1、F_2和F_(2∶3)联合分析方法

本文提出利用亲本P_1和P_2、杂种F_1,F_2和F_(2∶3)五世代联合分析数量性状主基因和多基因遗传的统计方法,共建立可供选择的单基因遗传、多基因遗传以及一个主基因 多基因混合遗传三类11个遗传模型;AIC信息准则用于选择最适遗传模型,通过适合性检验对所选择的遗传模型做进一步检验;以D类模型为例,给出参数估计EM过程的一般步骤。以邳县天鹅蛋(P_1)和1138—2(P_2)杂交组合为例,分析了大豆抗豆秆黑潜蝇性状的遗传,发现该性状符合主基因 多基因混合遗传模式,主基因的加显性效应分别为-1.86和-1.64,F_2世代主基因的遗传率为43.84％,F_(2∶3)家系世代主基因的遗传率为88.59％,F_2群体的抗感分界线为11≤x≤12,F_(2∶3)群体的抗感分界线为10.6≤x≤11.0。