一种核桃专用肥的生产及应用试验

针对云南省临沧市核桃种植区土壤特点，以及核桃生长发育的需肥规律，配制出专用核桃生物有机肥，将该核桃专用生物有机肥分别应用于投产区核桃园和初投产核桃园，取得很好的应用效果，以对照相对，施用该有机肥的核桃表现出植株健壮、树势强，树高、冠幅生长加快，并对核桃有较好的增产效果。     

不同西瓜类型果实茄红素含量的比较研究

采用分光光度法对33个西瓜材料进行茄红素含量的测定,材料涉及不同的瓤色和倍性。结果表明:在白瓤、橙黄瓤、金黄瓤、粉红瓤、红瓤和深红瓤的西瓜材料之间,白瓤西瓜茄红素含量最低,深红瓤西瓜含量最高,茄红素的含量与瓤色大致成正相关。其中深红瓤二倍体西瓜材料中S292、VS8-44的茄红素含量比较高,分别为6.372 mg/100g鲜重和6.350 mg/100g鲜重,三倍体材料中最高的是VS6-19,茄红素含量为6.684 mg/100g鲜重。同瓤色的不同材料之间茄红素的含量与倍性无关,与材料的基因型相关。     

Effects of silvering state on induced maturation and spawning in wild female Japanese eel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   The effects of silvering state of wild female Japanese eels Anguilla japonica on the success of induced maturation and the following spawning were examined. Thirty-eight females, collected in Mikawa Bay, were divided into four stages based on their silvering state: yellow (Y1), late-yellow (Y2), silver (S1) and late silver eels (S2). Despite injections of salmon pituitary extract (SPE) through the standard technique, Y1 and Y2 eels did not respond to the treatment with undeveloped gonad (gonad-somatic index [GSI]: 0.3–0.9), and all these females died by 5 weeks, probably due to an abnormal physiological condition. Most S1 (81%) and S2 eels (100%) matured completely (GSI: 17.8–51.4), and finally spawned successfully (69% for S1, 89% for S2). S2 eels fully matured with oocytes of over 750 μm in diameter by significantly smaller number of injections of SPE (5–6 times) than the case of S1 eels (6–8 times). The amount of eggs released by S2 eels (0.65 ± 0.11 g/fish per body weight [BW]) was significantly larger than those by S1 eels (0.54 ± 0.09 g/fish per BW). There was no difference in fertilization and hatching rates between eggs released by S1 eels and those of S2 eels. These results indicate that the success of induced maturation and spawning in wild female Japanese eels depends on their silvering state, and matured eggs can be obtained efficiently through the use of S2 eels rather than other stages.     

湘南三种典型红壤生土长期施肥对作物产量的影响

以长期定位试验为基本材料,研究了湘南3种典型红壤生土25年长期施肥对作物产量的影响。结果表明:(1)25年作物累计产量以紫色土为最高,其次是花岗岩红壤,第四纪红壤最低。(2)3种母质生土熟化过程中,对于不同处理,平衡施用氮磷钾化肥处理,均能获得较高作物产量,显著高于施用有机物料稻草处理,显著高于对照处理。施肥是加速红壤母质熟化的主要途径和方法。(3)对于不同处理方式,作物归还条件下其作物产量要高于不归还。(4)供试的3种土壤在熟化的过程中对植被的影响非常明显,在熟化的初期,许多作物在花岗岩发育的和第四纪红土发育的土壤上,都生长不好,然而在施有NPK的处理中,马唐草(Dischaemum Schreb)生长特别茂盛(覆盖度100%,高lm),明显地影响了土壤的水热状况,紫色土上马唐草生长不好。(5)种植小麦和黄豆,花岗岩、四纪红土NPK处理靠小区水泥梗边缘要好,小区中间95%部分长势差,叶片淡黄,植株矮小。(6)花岗岩红壤和第四纪红壤二种母质熟化24年后(即2005年)种植豆科作物—黄豆和禾本科作物小麦(2006年),其作物产量均表现为:0M>NPK。     

家蚕混精杂交的实验生物学研究

利用染色体替换法研制出具有标志基因、又可在子代明确区分的二种精子活力相同的材料——临皓普、临皓素.以这两个材料进行二雄交一雌的混精杂交试验,研究不同交配时间、交配次序对受精选择性的影响.结果,第一雄蛾交配25或30分钟的子代中,素蚕和普斑蚕开差很大,交配50或60分钟,两种类型比例接近,x~2检验理论值与实际值相符.交配次序中,属后交雄蛾的类型略多,交配时间和次序的不同,对选择受精的影响较大,本文对上述问题进行了讨论.     

蓝狐精子受精能力的研究——体外常温保存精子存活率的检测

本试验对３０ 只进口芬兰大体型种公狐的１１２ 份精液于１９９８ 和１９９９ 年度的两个繁殖季节进行了精子存活率的检测。结果表明：进口的芬兰大体型种公狐人工授精的可利用率为８３－４ ％ ；精子的平均总存活时间分别为Ａ 组２６－０ ｈ ，Ｂ 组２１－７ ｈ，Ｃ 组５ ｈ ；精子的平均生存指数为Ａ 组１６－６ ，Ｂ 组１０－８ ，Ｃ 组０－８ 。     

Potassium fertilization improves apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh. Cv. Fuji) development by regulating trehalose metabolism

Potassium (K) fertilization and antioxidant enzymes both positively influence plant growth and development. However, it is not known whether K treatment improves fruit development via increasing soluble sugar. In this study, K-treated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit was harvested from 60 to 150 days after full bloom and was analyzed for ROS production and trehalose metabolism. The results show that K fertilization improved fruit firmness, increased growth according to several parameters, increased soluble sugar content, and decreased ROS production. The ascorbate metabolic pathway more effectively reduced ROS production than catalase and peroxidase (POD) did under K treatment. Trehalose-treated fruit also showed higher activity of ascorbate-related enzymes (DHAR, GR, and APX) compared with non-treated fruit. The changes of antioxidant enzyme activity in trehalose-treated fruit corresponded to those in K-treated fruit. Moreover, trehalase (TREH) activity in fruit was notably reduced by K treatment. This demonstrates that K influences ROS production via regulating trehalose content and TREH activity in fruit. This study provides new insight into the K mechanism which improves fruit development, including fruit firmness and size.     

袋栽香菇生长期间不同料层中木质纤维素的降解及有关酶活性的变化

本文研究了香菇生长过程菌袋中不同料层木质纤维素的降解及有关酶活性的变化。结果表明,在栽培结束时,菌袋中不同料层木质纤维素含量的差异不大;在整个栽培过程中,菌袋中不同料层羧甲基纤维素酶,半纤维素酶和漆酶活性的变化大致相同。就菌袋中不同料层木质纤维素的降解和利用而言,菌袋的中层和下层与上层相似。     

滴灌施肥条件下氮钾分配时期对甘蔗产量和品质的影响

滴灌施肥技术是现代可持续农业发展的一项综合管理技术措施.本试验采用露天盆栽进行甘蔗种植,设置了滴灌条件下4个氮钾分配时期,同时设置了一个常规种植方式作对比.研究结果表明,滴灌施肥显著促进了甘蔗的生长,在施用常规氮钾肥用量1/2的情况下,比常规施肥获得更高的甘蔗产量.滴灌条件下,氮钾不同分配时期对甘蔗产量和品质有显著影响.通过滴灌系统按甘蔗"苗期、分蘖期一伸长期一成熟期"以20%一60%一20%的氟钾肥料比例分多次施用的处理效果最好,甘蔗的茎长、产量、甘蔗品质、甘蔗根系等都优于其他的分配方式,其单茎重达1.92 kg,甘蔗蔗糖分含量达到17.26%.通过滴灌系统合理施用氮钾肥既有经济效益,又有环境效益.