多子芋叶柄及芽色的多样性及芋形观察

介绍了多子芋种质资源叶柄及芽色的多样性 ,总结了多子芋的叶柄颜色及芽色的对应关系及芋形的一般规律。叶柄为绿色或紫色时 ,芽为白色 ;叶柄为乌绿色时 ,芽为淡红色。叶柄紫色类的子孙芋芋形最好 ,卵圆形 ,且表皮棕毛少 ;叶柄绿色类和叶柄乌绿色类的子孙芋芋形较叶柄紫色类差 ,其中 ,叶柄绿色类的子芋芋形一般为头大尾小的卵圆形 ,表皮棕毛较多 ;叶柄乌绿色类的子芋一般为长卵圆形至卵圆形 ,且表皮棕毛较多。 3种类型的孙芋一般为卵圆形 ,且表皮棕毛少。芋形指数基本上反映了芋的实际形状。     

云南芋种质资源遗传多样性的AFLP分析

 采用荧光标记引物的AFLP分子标记技术, 用筛选出的“3 + 2”引物组合, 对48份云南芋种进行遗传多样性分析, 3对引物共扩增出184个DNA位点, 平均每对引物可检测出56.3个多态性位点,多态性位点高达91.8% , 云南芋种质资源在DNA分子水平上表现出极为丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析表明: 野生种质和栽培种质的亲缘关系较远, 栽培种质基于AFLP标记的分类结果与形态性状基本一致, 少数材料差异较大。     

崇明香酥芋茎尖培养和快速繁殖的研究

以崇明香酥芋为材料,研究消毒方式、茎尖直径、外植体接种时期、琼脂浓度、无机盐含量和活性炭浓度对芋茎尖分化和增殖的影响。结果表明：用饱和漂白粉溶液处理25min显著降低茎尖褐变率,而提高茎尖的分化率;芋茎尖直径0．3—0,5mm的分化率为51．7％;芋茎尖诱导的最佳时间为3～4月,茎尖分化率达64．4％;5．0g·L^-1的琼脂浓度茎尖的分化和试管苗的增殖显著高于其他处理;不同无机盐浓度显著影响茎尖褐变率,以1／2MS的茎尖分化率为最高;5．0g ·L^-1。的活性炭显著降低茎尖的褐变率,缩短转绿的时间并提高茎尖的分化率。     

早熟芋艿平衡施肥技术研究

通过两年芋艿施肥田间试验,表明获得早熟芋艿高产、高效的施肥方案为N 448.5 kg/hm2,P2O552.5kg/hm2,K2O 180~270 kg/hm2,N-P2O5-K2O比例为1∶0.12∶0.40~0.60,并推荐有机无机复合肥与化肥配合施用,以获得更高的产量和效益。早熟芋艿生育期短,施用充足的氮肥才能保证芋艿在较短的生育期内获得较高的产量,芋艿还是一种喜钾作物,施用钾肥能明显促进芋艿高产;在土壤有效磷含量不足的情况下,施用磷肥能促进芋艿正常生长。     

Genetic similarities among cocoyam cultivars based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis

Eighteen cultivars of cocoyam (Xanthosoma spp.) and two cultivars of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) from the USDA/ARS germplasm collection were evaluated for genetic relatedness using RAPD data. Seven random primers generated 40 RAPD loci. Of the 18 cultivars screened, 11 (61%) were identical at all RAPD loci evaluated. A similarity matrix was constructed on the basis of the presence or absence of bands. Among cocoyam cultivars the genetic similarity ranged from 0.86 to 0.97 with a mean of 0.91. Cluster analysis identified two main clusters with some unexpected groupings. These data indicate that very little genetic variation exists within the accessions used in this study and that this Xanthosoma spp. collection is of limited value as a genetic resource.     

种芋大小对芋产量构成性状的影响

将沙市糯芋（多子芋）按大小分为６个等经栽培，研究表明，母芋，子芋，孙芋单重随着种子芋重量的增大而增大；以最大子芋作种的子芋单重较大，但与用母芋作种的差异不显著；在单株芋总重中，子芋总重，孙芋总重所占的比例随着种芋重量的增加而减少，在栽培过程中以中等偏大的大芋作种较好。     

Localization of Casparian Bands and Crystal Cells in Relation to Aluminum Distribution in the Primary Root of Eddo under Aluminum Treatment

The primary roots of eddo (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. antiquorum Hubbard & Rehde) were treated with aluminum, and the localization of Casparian bands and crystal cells in relation to aluminum was investigated. The calcium oxalate crystal idioblasts (crystal cells) were localized at the peripheral parts of cortex between about 0.5 mm and 6 mm from the tip of primary roots. The crystal cells were arranged in tubular form, which is referred to as ‘tubular arrangement of crystal cells’. The Casparian band was apparently detected in the endodermis at 3 mm from the root tip of primary roots treated with aluminum, under a fluoresence microscope with berberin hemi-sulfate. Aluminum was significantly stained with eriochrome cyanine in the root apical region of eddo after aluminum treatment. Not only in the periphery part of stele, but also the external part of the tubular arrangement of crystal cells was significantly stained. In addition, marked accumulation of aluminum stained with lumogallion was observed inside the crystal cells by z-staking observation with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The results suggested that Casparian bands in endodermis and the tubular arrangement of crystal cells obstructed the influx of aluminum into the inside of stele.     

夏茂红芽芋产业化开发前景与对策

对芋的特征特性、品种分类、营养价值和用途、产品加工和市场前景进行了概述,对夏茂红芽芋的特征特性及栽培历史、现状进行了探讨,重点阐述了夏茂红芽芋产业化发展的对策.     

设施条件下青菜间作大豆或芋艿控制斜纹夜蛾效果及对捕食性天敌多样性的影响

为探讨设施菜田间作控制害虫斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)的效果及对捕食性天敌多样性的影响,以在上海市浦东新区设施菜田设置的青菜间作大豆或芋艿为处理,以非间作设施青菜田为对照,对间作作物大豆或芋艿植株上诱集到的斜纹夜蛾幼虫和卵块进行了调查,并对各处理区和对照区青菜田捕食性天敌群落结构特征进行系统调查和分析。结果表明,在调查期内(7~9月),每100株大豆和芋艿诱集斜纹夜蛾幼虫分别为1 098.84±107.50头和1 260.78±126.16头,诱集斜纹夜蛾卵块数分别为17.45±1.31个和20.76±1.81个;与非间作青菜田相比,青菜田间作大豆或芋艿后斜纹夜蛾种群数量分别减少37.83%或45.89%;间作大豆或芋艿青菜田捕食性天敌分别隶属5目21科31种和5目21科32种,而非间作青菜田隶属5目19科26种;非间作青菜田捕食性天敌的优势种为拟环纹狼蛛(Lycosa pseudoamulata)和草间小黑蛛(Erigonidium graminicolum),而间作大豆或芋艿后天敌优势种群均为拟水狼蛛(Pirata subpiraticus)、拟环纹狼蛛(Lycosa pseudoamulata)和草间小黑蛛(Erigonidium graminicolum);间作大豆青菜田捕食性天敌的个体数量、丰富度、多样性指数分别为91.22±4.91头.100株?1、29.74±0.30、4.53±0.03,较非间作青菜田分别增加58.70%、25.27%、10.60%;间作芋艿青菜田捕食性天敌的个体数量、丰富度、多样性指数分别为92.09±5.03头.100株?1、29.96±0.35、4.54±0.03,较非间作青菜田分别增加60.21%、26.19%、11.00%。本研究结论可为上海地区发展设施青菜田间作大豆或芋艿种植模式提供参考依据。     

荔浦芋生产肥力主因子分析

对荔浦芋产量与13个土壤养分指标进行了主因子分析。结果表明:荔浦芋产量与全氮、有效氮以及有机质极显著负相关,与有效锌、有效铁、有效铜、有效硼极显著正相关。从土壤养分中提取出了4个主因子,第1主因子主要由全磷、全钾、有效磷以及有效锰决定;第2主因子是全氮、有效氮、有机质的综合反映;第3主因子主要由有效锌、有效铜、有效硼决定;第4主因子主要反映了pH、有效钾、有效铁3个肥力养分指标。其中第2主因子对产量影响最大,与产量的相关系数为-0.651**。对荔浦芋产量与主因子进行回归分析,得到主因子回归方程:y=-0.651×Z2-0.187×Z4。控制无机氮肥的施用,增施有机肥,在施加碱性肥料的同时,补充叶面微肥,有利于产量的提高。