优化施肥对大豆氮素积累及产量的影响

采用大田试验方法,在两种密度(28、33万株.hm-2)条件下,研究了优化施肥对大豆不同器官的含氮量、氮积累量及产量的影响。结果表明,优化施肥显著提高了大豆植株R6期的含氮量,在高密度条件下,叶片含氮量提高了10.6%,茎秆含氮量提高了11.3%(P<0.05)。优化施肥显著增加了R2~R6阶段的氮素积累,其中R4~R6阶段高密度条件下氮积累量提高了41.4%(P<0.01)。R2~R6阶段的氮素积累与产量呈显著正相关。高密度条件下,优化施肥的产量比常规施肥提高了10.5%(P<0.05)。     

中稻高产施肥技术

综述了中稻高产施肥的关键技术,包括秧田合理施肥、大田施足基肥、科学安排大田各生育阶段施肥比例、看苗巧施穗粒肥等内容,以期指导中稻的合理施肥。     

Effects of bark mulch and npk fertilizer on yield,leaf nutrient status and soil mineral nitrogen during three years of strawberry production

The effects of bark mulch and NPK fertilizers on yield and leaf and soil nutrient status of ‘Korona’ strawberry plants (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.), were studied over a period of three years. A significant effect of mulching was found in the first harvest year, but additional fertilizer did not affect total yield. Bark mulch slightly decreased the level of leaf nitrogen, but increased the level of leaf phosphorus and potassium in all years. Bark had a significant, negative effect on soil nitrate and ammonium content in the two first seasons. Mulching increased the soil moisture content in all years.     

Mechanisms of Reproductive Thermotolerance in Gossypium hirsutum: The Effect of Genotype and Exogenous Calcium Application

Although photosynthetic thermotolerance has been investigated extensively in cotton leaves, reports on the biochemical influence of the pistil in promoting fertilization thermostability are limited. To evaluate the effect of temperature, genotype, and exogenous calcium application on fertilization and pistil biochemistry in cotton, thermosensitive (cv. ST4554 B2RF) and thermotolerant (cv. VH260) plants were grown under control (30/20 °C) or high‐temperature (38/20 °C) conditions during flowering, and exogenous CaCl₂ was applied to flowers 1 day prior to anthesis. Measured pistil parameters included fertilization efficiency; protein concentration; glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and NADPH oxidase activities; and ATP and calcium levels. Exogenous calcium had no effect on reproductive thermostability due to poor calcium uptake under high temperature. High temperature resulted in a 19.2 % decline in fertilization efficiency for ST4554 but no change in fertilization efficiency for VH260 relative to optimal temperature conditions. Pre‐stress glutathione reductase and SOD activities were higher in VH260 than ST4554 pistils, and calcium and ATP content were higher in VH260 than ST4554 pistils. It was concluded that pre‐stress antioxidant enzyme activity, ATP and calcium content of the pistil may be associated with reproductive thermotolerance in cotton. These findings should be confirmed in future experiments with a larger number of cultivars.     

泗阳县玉米测土配方施肥试验

为明确测土配方技术在泗阳地区玉米生产过程中的实际效果，通过田间试验对玉米生育期、产量构成和效益等进行了对比分析。试验结果显示：采用14.8-9-8的肥料配比能显著提升玉米肥料利用率，提高产量和收益。相较常规施肥，测土配方施肥对玉米生育期影响较小，但玉米穗粒数和千粒重提升效果显著，分别提升了1.88%和3.89%；测土配方施肥的氮、磷、钾肥利用率和养分平均利用率分别为40.77%、28.02%、51.18%，相较常规施肥分别提升了11.55%、4.07%、21.46%，养分平均利用率提升了12.36%；测土配方施肥籽粒产量为9535.04kg/ha，相较常规施肥增产429.99kg，增产率为4.72%，纯收益每公顷提升1269.60元。     

肥水措施对小麦穗部性状抗低温冷害的影响

研究了水肥调控下小麦拔节后低温冷害对其穗部性状的影响。结果表明,灌2水(越冬水、拔节水)和灌1水(越冬水)比不灌水平均穗粒数分别增加25.81%和19.89%;施用专用有机肥比不施平均穗粒数增加6.53%。     

风砂土白萝卜3414肥料试验

从2010 ～2012年连续3年开展30项白萝卜3414田间肥效试验,结果表明：在试验条件下,白萝卜每667 m2最佳经济施肥量N、P2O5、K2O分别为9.50 kg、3.55 kg和15.94 kg,N：P2O5∶ K2O为1∶0.37∶1.68.     

旱地莜麦多目标动态施肥模式研究

建立莜麦籽粒产量、生物产量、籽粒蛋白质产量、总蛋白质产量与施氮总量及追施比例之间的效应方程,求解不同边际利润下的最佳施氮量及追施比例。结果表明施氮量改变,直接影响最佳追施比例、籽粒产量、蛋白质产量和生物产量等,施氮量在17.25～120.75kg/hm2区间内,各种目标产量随施氮量的增加而稳定增加,在合理的施氮量区间内实现既定产量,施氮总量与追施比例可以消长互替,降低追施比例则增加氮素总量,或增加追施比例则可以减少氮素总量。得出了不同目标产量时的最佳氮肥用量与追施比例和对应于氮肥不同用量的最佳追施比例及理论产量的动态施肥模式的数学方程。     

Calcium reducesBotrytis c1nerea damages to plants ofRuscus hypoglossum

Plants ofRuscus hypoglossum L. were grown in containers with perlite, an inert medium, or with soil, under similar-to-commercial conditions, for three winter seasons. Constant fertilization with soluble calcium [Ca(NO₃)₂] through the root zone resulted in a reduction of up to 78% in postharvest rot caused by artificial inoculation withBotrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. Control plants were treated by fertilization with N,P,K and all other elements, identical to the fertilizer containing calcium. Foliar application of Ca(NO₃)₂ to ruscus bushes or application of this compound or of CaCl₂ or CaSO₄ to mature cut branches standing in water, resulted also in a significant reduction in postharvest phylloclade rot. Application of CaSO₄ and Ca(H2PO₄)₂ + CaSO₄ to ruscus plants, from fertilizers containing 22% Ca and releasing the cation gradually, effectively reduced the susceptibility of cut branches to infection by_{B. cinerea.}     

猪卵巢卵母细胞的体外成熟和体外受精

将从屠宰母猪卵巢采得的卵母细胞-卵丘细胞复合体(Oocyte-cumulus Cell Complex.OCC)在含PMSG的M199培养40～44小时,卵丘细胞大部分扩散(86.4％)。48.1％(142/295)的卵母细胞排出第一极体(PBI)。将体外成熟的卵母细胞与体外获能精子授精后30～70小时,80.5％(103/128)的卵母细胞受精并可在体外发育到2～8细胞甚至桑椹胚。本文还对裸卵母细胞的体外成熟和体外受精进行了研究,对体外受精卵的早期发育作了观察。实验结果表明:PMSG对诱导卵丘细胞扩散及卵母细胞的全面成熟有重要作用,在OCC中的卵母细胞成熟率高于裸卵母细胞体外授精后8～10小时将受精卵放入改良KRB液培养可使卵裂比例明显提高。