Temporal modulation of oxidant and antioxidative responses in Brassica carinata during β-aminobutyric acid-induced resistance against Alternaria brassicae

A preinoculative foliar application of 5 mM BABA significantly inhibited the colonization of Alternaria brassicae on leaves of Brassica carinata susceptible cultivar car6. BABA treatment led to transient but significant increase in H₂O₂ level during early stages of pathogen colonization. A significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol dependent peroxidase (GDP) contributed to inhibition of the oxidative stress in BABA treated plants in response to pathogen infection. In conclusion BABA treatment led to proper balance of oxidant & antioxidants suitable for expression of resistance resulting in curtail of pathogen ingress during early stages of colonization.     

番茄抗坏血酸过氧化物酶研究进展

逆境会使植物细胞中积累过量的活性氧,引发氧化胁迫,抑制植物的生长发育。抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)可以清除植物体内尤其是叶绿体中的H2O2,从而提高植物对氧化胁迫的耐受性。综述了番茄APX的基因克隆、基因表达调控及基因工程的研究进展。     

Magnesium deficiency induced oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in mulberry plants

The aim of the study was to implicate induction of oxidative stress and antioxidative responses with the effects of Mg deficiency in mulberry plants. Mulberry (Morus alba L.) cv. Kanva-2 plants grown in hydroponics were subjected to deficiency of Mg. Mg-deficient plants developed visible symptoms—deep interveinal chlorotic mottling and necrosis in the older and middle leaves. The decreases in the dry matter yield of plants and concentrations of sugars and starch in the leaves of Mg-deficient plants are suggestive of decreased photosynthetic activity. Mg-deficiency decreased concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, and increased concentrations of H₂O₂ and ascorbate and activities of antioxidative enzymes—peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The results suggest induction of oxidative stress by enhancing generation of ROS and inducing alterations in redox status, accompanied by activation of antioxidant machinery including induction of some new SOD isoforms in Mg-deficient mulberry plants. Despite significant increase in H₂O₂, lipid peroxidation was decreased in Mg-deficient plants.     

沙棘维生素C积累与相关酶活性关系研究

探讨沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.)不同器官中抗坏血酸(As A)积累与相关代谢酶活性的关系。结果表明,As A在沙棘幼叶和果实中含量较高,在茎和花中含量较低。沙棘幼叶和果实中As A含量主要受L-半乳糖-1,4-内酯脱氢酶(Gal LDH)和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性调节,抗坏血酸氧化酶(AAO)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)对As A的积累也有调节作用。     

Effect of brassinosteroids on drought resistance and abscisic acid concentration in tomato under water stress

The effect of brassinosteroid (BR) on relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (g_s), net photosynthetic rate (PN), intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), lipid peroxidation level, activities of antioxidant enzymes and abscisic acid concentration (ABA) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seedlings under water stress was investigated. Two tomato genotypes, Mill. cv. Ailsa Craig (AC) and its ABA-deficient mutant notabilis (not), were used. Water stress was achieved by withholding water and both the AC and not plants were treated with 1 μM 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) or distilled water as a control. The RWC, g_s, Ci and PN were significantly decreased under water stress. However, EBR treatment significantly alleviated water stress and increased the RWC and PN. EBR application also markedly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) while it decreased g_s, Ci and the contents of H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde (MDA). Interestingly, ABA concentration in AC and not plants was markedly elevated after EBR treatment although the increasing rate and amplitude of ABA in not plants treated by EBR was significantly lower than those in AC plants. Our study suggested that amelioration of the drought stress of tomato seedlings may be caused by EBR-induced elevation of endogenous ABA concentration and/or the activities of antioxidant enzymes.     

百合APX基因的克隆及转LlAPX提高拟南芥耐盐性

从铁炮百合‘白天堂’（Lilium longiforum‘White Heaven’）组培苗叶片中克隆得到一个抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因（APX）的cDNA序列,全长1 074 bp,推断其编码251个氨基酸。系统进化树分析表明APX在进化过程中保守性很高。通过构建过表达载体,转化拟南芥,其APX酶活性提高了4.7 ~ 7.8倍,AsA含量提高了1.5 ~ 2.3倍,其种子耐盐性提高。     

Status of photosynthetic pigments,lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidative enzymes in Vigna mungo in presence of arsenic

The response to arsenic was evaluated for photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidative enzymes in black gram. Black gram (Vigna mungo) subjected to arsenic doses of 100 µM and 200 µM, showed increased amount of lipid peroxidation. Activity of peroxidase (POD) increased tremendously in arsenic treated Vigna leaves over control. Similarly, activities of enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) also increased with increase in arsenic. Analysis of native PAGE superoxide dismutase activity showed one manganese (Mn)-SOD and two copper/zinc (Cu/Zn)-SOD isoenzymes in black gram leaves, whose intensity increased especially at 200 µM arsenic treatment. However, activity of catalase (CAT) decreased with increase in concentrations of arsenic. This clearly indicates that except CAT, all studied antioxidative enzymes like SOD, POD and APX showed increased expression at arsenic treatments, which reflects their protective role against arsenic toxicity in black gram plants. Photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll and carotenoids showed reduction with increasing concentrations of arsenic in treatment solutions.     

白桦抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)基因克隆及表达分析

从白桦（Betula platyphylla Suk．）cDNA文库中获得一个抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）基因全长cDNA序列,该序列去除polyA后长1049bp,其ORF全长750bp,编码250个氨基酸,编码蛋白的相对分子质量为27712．7,理论等电点6．08,保守区分析确定其含有APX蛋白保守序列,属于植物POD超家族。利用实时定量RT—PCR进一步分析白桦苗木在0．8％NaCl胁迫处理下不同时间点APX基因的表达情况。结果表明,盐胁迫处理诱导了APX基因在白桦叶片中的表达,说明APX基因与植物抗盐相关。     

棉花抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因GhAPX的克隆及耐冷性初步鉴定

抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxidase,APX)是活性氧H2O2的清除剂,对抵抗植物逆境发挥着重要的作用。为了探究棉花APX基因的耐冷功能,本实验应用RT-PCR和RACE技术从苗期耐冷型棉花品种‘新陆早25号’叶片中克隆得到一个APX基因GhAPX,并对转基因烟草的主要抗氧化酶活性和快速荧光参数进行了分析。结果表明,该基因c DNA全长1763 bp,开放阅读框1137 bp,编码379个氨基酸。Blastx比对表明该基因与已克隆的棉花气孔APX相似性最高,达99%。进化分析表明该基因与刚毛怪柳关系较近,与拟南芥(AtAPX)和小麦(TaAPX)关系较远。蛋白质结构分析显示该基因属于植物过氧化物酶基因家族,亚细胞定位结果显示该蛋白位于叶绿体中。实验成功构建了植物表达载体PZP35S-GhAPX。转基因研究发现,转GhAPX基因会提高烟草的POD和CAT活性。在4℃冷害条件下,转基因烟草的POD和CAT活性及Fv/Fm和pI均大于野生(对照)株,且下降幅度和速度均小于野生植株,而SOD活性在转基因和野生植株间差异不大,初步推测GhAPX基因可以提高棉花幼苗的低温冷害抵抗力。本研究为揭示GhAPX基因的功能及其与棉花耐冷性的关系提供了理论参考。