Effects of dietary supplementing tannic acid in the ration of beef cattle on rumen fermentation,methane emission,microbial flora and nutrient digestibility

Four adult Simmental male cattle (376 ± 9.0 kg initial BW), fitted with permanent rumen cannulas, were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to investigate the effects of dietary supplementing tannic acid (TA) on rumen fermentation, methane (CH₄) production, rumen microbes, nutrient digestibility and plasma biochemical parameters. Four levels of TA, that is 0, 6.5, 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg dry matter (DM), were added to the basal ration (composed of corn silage and concentrate mixture) as experimental treatments respectively. Each experimental period consisted of a 12‐day adaptation phase followed by a 3‐day sampling phase. The results showed that supplementing TA at 26.0 g/kg DM decreased the relative abundance of protozoa, methanogens and Ruminococcus albus to the total ruminal bacterial 16S rDNA in beef cattle (p < 0.05). The results also showed that supplementing TA at 6.5, 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg DM decreased (p < 0.01) the CH₄ production (l/kg DM intake) by 11.1%, 14.7% and 33.6% respectively. Supplementing TA at 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg DM decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate and ammonia nitrogen (NH₃–N) (p < 0.05) and tended to decrease the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration of rumen fluid (p = 0.07). Supplementing TA at 26.0 g/kg DM decreased DM and organic matter (OM) digestibility (p < 0.05), supplementing TA at 6.5, 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg DM decreased (p < 0.01) crude protein (CP) digestibility by 5.0%, 8.6% and 15.7%, respectively, and supplementing TA at 6.5, 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg DM increased (p < 0.05) the plasma total antioxidant capability. It was concluded that supplementing TA in the ration of beef cattle decreased the CH₄ production and digestibility of CP of beef cattle. Supplementing TA could be an effective option to mitigate CH₄ emission form cattle, further research is necessary to study the effects of TA on the performance of cattle.     

电位滴定法研究单宁酸去质子化特性

采用pH电位滴定法及分光光度法测定了单宁酸化合物1,2,3,4,6-O-五没食子酰葡萄糖(PGG),及其组成单体化合物没食子酸甲酯(MeG)在溶液中的去质子化特性,运用化学计量学软件Reactlab Equilibrium测定了相应的离解常数,分析了不同pH值条件下各化合物的存在形式及变化规律.研究结果表明:随着pH值...     

饲粮添加水解塔拉单宁酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清抗氧化能力和免疫能力的影响

本试验旨在探讨水解塔拉单宁酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清抗氧化能力和免疫能力的影响,为水解塔拉单宁酸在断奶仔猪生产中的应用提供参考。选取200头体重相近的28日龄断奶仔猪,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,4个试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加250、500、750、1 000 g/t水解塔拉单宁酸的试验饲粮。试验期为28 d。试验过程中每日记录仔猪采食量和腹泻情况,结束后称重,并于每个重复选取1头仔猪采集血液,测定抗氧化、免疫等指标。结果表明：1）与对照组相比,饲粮添加750 g/t水解塔拉单宁酸极显著提高仔猪末重和平均日增重（P<0.01）,但对平均日采食量、料重比、腹泻率和腹泻指数无显著影响（P>0.05）。2）与对照组相比,水解塔拉单宁酸极显著提高仔猪血清过氧化氢酶活性（P<0.01）;添加250、500和750 g/t水解塔拉单宁酸极显著提高仔猪血清超氧化物歧化酶活性（P<0.01）,极显著降低血清丙二醛含量（P<0.01）;添加1 000 g/t水解塔拉单宁酸极显著提高仔猪血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性（P<0.01）,...     

具有表面活性的酯化单宁酸的合成及其性质研究

单宁酸（TA）属水解类单宁，是具有重要开发利用价值的天然产物。本研究以单宁酸为原料，通过与饱和直链脂肪酰氯（C10，C14和C18脂肪酰氯）反应合成了酯化单宁酸（C10TA，C14TA和C18TA）。用红外、紫外光谱鉴定了产物的结构，测定了产物的表面张力、润湿力和乳化力及对微生物生长的抑制率。实验结果表明，当单宁酸与脂肪酰氯的摩尔比为1：15时，获得的酯化单宁酸具有明显的表面活性，对革兰氏阴性细菌的抑制活性提高。该研究工作为单宁酸的精细化利用探索了一条新的途径。     

The effect of tannic acid and polyethylene glycol on the absorption capacity of chicken intestine for d-xylose and β-carotene

In an experiment, the possible influence of tannic acid (TA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the absorption capacity of intestine for d-xylose and β-carotene in broiler chicken was investigated. Four groups of nine 28-day-old broiler cockerels received d-xylose (500 mg) and β-carotene (52 μg) solutions (Group 1 to 4) with TA (1 g, Group 2 to 4) and PEG (500 mg Group 3 and 1 g Group 4), orally. One blood sample prior to, and four others after the administration of test materials, were collected from wing vein on 40 min basis, for 160 min and the concentration of plasma d-xylose was determined. The concentration of β-carotene was also measured in plasma of blood samples taken prior to and 160 min post-administration of the test materials. Plasma d-xylose concentration of all groups showed quadratic correlations with time (p < 0.001, r(2) = 0.84, 0.60, 0.70 and 0.74 for Group 1 to 4, respectively). Administration of TA reduced the plasma concentration of d-xylose in Group 2. However, feeding PEG after TA raised the concentration of d-xylose in Group 4 to the level that there was no difference in that variable between this group and Group 1. Although the plasma concentration of β-carotene was increased in 160 min post-ingestion of the test material, no difference was found in that variable among the experimental groups. In conclusion, TA and its interaction with PEG have impacts on the absorption capacity of intestine for d-xylose and highly likely other simple sugars, but TA or PEG have no influence on the absorption of β-carotene and most probably other fat soluble vitamins.     

溶剂萃取法制备药用单宁酸的研究

由工业单宁酸经乙酸乙酯溶剂萃取（５０－５５℃，１－２ｈ），制得药用单宁酸，其得率约为８５％，单宁酸含量超过９４％，乙酸乙酯的回收率超过９０％。经乙酸乙酯萃取的剩余水液可用于碱水解制备没食子酸。产物总得率（包括药用单宁酸和没食子酸）约为９１％。     

抗生素替代品在养猪生产中的应用研究进展

动物长期使用抗生素可导致免疫力下降,引起畜禽内源性感染和二重感染,因此,开发绿色、高效、安全的新型饲用抗生素替代品成为当前饲料工业发展的热点。抗生素替代品种类较多,包括酸化剂、抗菌肽、中草药、微生态制剂等产品,具有安全、环保和效果显著等特点。重点对酸化剂、γ-氨基丁酸、水解单宁酸、植物提取物、抗菌肽、酶制剂、益生菌、中草药等在养猪生产中的应用进行综述,为抗生素替代品的研发提供参考。     

鞣酸对奶牛饲料利用、产奶和抗氧化状态的影响

本研究旨在探讨日粮中添加富含鞣酸的柿子皮对泌乳期奶牛饲料利用、产奶和抗氧化状态的影响。试验将平均体重为(348.85±8.98)kg、泌乳量为(7.20±0.56)kg/d的8头奶牛随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复1头奶牛。对照组饲喂玉米-米糠-菜粕型日粮,处理组在日粮中添加10%柿子皮(鞣酸含量为1.2mg/kg),试验为期10周。结果:对照组与处理组对奶牛体重、代谢体重、采食量、养分摄入量及养分消化率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。处理组奶牛的泌乳量、4%脂肪校正乳较对照组分别显著提高24.90%和32.29%(P<0.05),但料比显著降低15%(P<0.05),同时处理组奶牛乳中脂肪和总固形物含量较对照组分别显著提高9.44%和5.36%(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,处理组血清尿素氮含量显著降低26.96%(P<0.05),但过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性及还原性谷胱甘肽和总硫醇含量分别显著提高18.27%、27.27%、26.47%和11.95%(P<0.05)。结论:在泌乳期奶牛日粮中添加10%柿子皮(鞣酸含量1.2mg/kg)对奶牛泌乳量和抗氧化有显著改善作用。     

单宁酸的生理功能及其在生猪生产过程中应用的研究进展

单宁酸是一种多酚类化合物,在植物的根、茎、叶和果皮中广泛存在,长期以来,一直被认为是单胃动物的“抗营养因子”。但近年来研究发现:单宁酸还具有良好的抗腹泻、抗氧化、抗炎和抑菌等功能,适宜剂量的单宁酸可以改善畜禽的生长性能、提高饲料的利用率。文章阐述了单宁酸的生理功能及不同类型、剂量的单宁酸对各生产阶段猪生长性能影响,以期为单宁酸在猪生产中的应用提供理论依据和研究方向。