鸭源沙门菌江苏分离株的生物学特性研究

为了解鸭源沙门菌江苏分离株的主要生物学特性,本研究对2012年至2013年从发病或死亡鸭中分离的33株沙门菌分离株进行鉴定,即采用玻片凝集法对分离的沙门菌进行血清学分型,多重PCR方法检测17种毒力基因的分布,按照美国临床和实验室标准化研究所制定的方法进行药物敏感性检测,通过结晶紫半定量法检测分离菌株的生物被膜形成能力.33株鸭源沙门菌的血清学分型结果显示,查理沙门菌占48.5％,为优势血清型.毒力基因检测结果显示,pagC、msgA、sipB、prgH、spaN、tolC、iroN、sopB及pefA为保守基因.药物敏感性检测显示,42.4％的菌株耐受8种以上药物.生物被膜检测显示,有14株细菌生物被膜形成能力为中等以上,其中57.1％的菌株耐8种以上的药物.     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌血清型与外膜蛋白型相关性研究

为了解禽多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pasteurella multocida,Pm)分离菌株的荚膜血清型、菌体血清型与外膜蛋白型之间的相关性,首先对自行分离的10个菌株采用间接血凝试验和琼脂扩散试验进行鉴定(均为A:1);然后采用超声波破碎、高速离心和十二烷基肌氨酸钠提取外膜蛋白,通过SDS-PAGE电泳的方法对上述10个菌株与C48-1(A:1)、X73(A:1)、P1059(A:3)、CU(A:3,4)等一起进行外膜蛋白(Outer membrane proteins,OMP)分型研究。结果表明:14个禽多杀性巴氏杆菌菌株以2个主要蛋白OmpH和OmpA的差异为依据分为3种主要OMP型;依据次要蛋白的差异,OMP-1,3菌株进一步分为OMP型1.1,1.2和3.1,3.2,其中OMP型1.1有6个菌株,OMP型1.2有5个菌株;OMP型2有1株(YZ7031);P1059为OMP型3.1;CU为OMP型3.2;另外,血清型为A:1的12个菌株中有11个菌株外膜蛋白型均为OMP-1型,血清型为A:3、A:3,4的菌株外膜蛋白型属于3型。说明禽多杀性巴氏杆菌血清型与特定的外膜蛋白型具有很强的相关性。     

一例鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的诊断及病原分离鉴定

河南商丘一肉鸭养殖场疑似发生鸭疫里默氏杆菌病,为确定其病原,无菌采集病死鸭的大脑、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏等组织,依据常规PCR检测方法进行低致病性禽流感H9(AIV-H9)、鸭坦布苏病毒(DTMUV)、鸭呼肠孤病毒(DRV)、新城疫病毒(NDV)等鸭群常见病毒病的核酸检测,利用血清琼脂平板进行细菌分离鉴定,玻片凝集鉴定分离菌株血清型,PCR检测鉴定后进行动物回归试验。并进行31种抗菌药物的敏感试验。结果显示,AIV-H9、TMUV、DRV及NDV核酸检测全部为阴性,初步排除这4种病毒的感染。无菌挑取发病鸭肝脏及脑组织于血清营养琼脂培养基中培养,发现培养基中呈现针尖大小、半透明的菌落。取纯化培养的菌液进行PCR扩增显示,扩增出338 bp的鸭疫里默氏杆菌(RA)特异性条带,血清型鉴定结果为RA血清7型。动物回归试验结果显示,该分离菌株可在临床上被成功复制,能够表现出明显的传染性浆膜炎临床感染症状。药物敏感性试验显示,该血清型RA对头孢克肟、头孢唑林、头孢拉定、头孢曲松、大观霉素、多西环素、左氧氟沙星、氟苯尼考、林可霉素、氨苄西林(舒巴坦)高度敏感。综上所述,造成该肉鸭场疾病感染的病原为血清7型RA,建议使用头孢菌素类等高敏药物进行治疗。     

陕西杨凌区市售食品中单增李斯特菌污染状况的调查与分析

【目的】了解陕西杨凌辖区生猪肉、生羊肉、生鸡肉、速冻饺子和即食食品等5类食品中单增李斯特菌的污染情况及其耐药性和血清型,为确保食品安全提供依据。【方法】随机采集杨陵2家超市及1家农贸市场的食品样本共计95个,其中包括生猪肉27份、生羊肉11份、生鸡肉38份、速冻饺子6份和即食食品13份,按照国标GB/T4789.30-2008进行单增李斯特菌的分离培养,用PCR方法进行单增李斯特菌的确证,并用多重PCR法对确证菌株进行血清型测定,采用琼脂稀释法进行药敏性试验。【结果】95个样本中,单增李斯特菌的分离率为13.7%(13/95),其中以即食食品分离率最高,为30.8%(4/13);其次是生鸡肉和生羊肉,分别为21.1%(8/38)和9.1%(1/11);而速冻饺子和生猪肉均未检出单增李斯特菌。超市采集样品中单增李斯特菌污染的检出率较高,为23.6%,农贸市场采集样品中未检出单增李斯特菌。不同温度贮存的样品中,4 ℃贮存样品单增李斯特菌污染的检出率最高,为31.6%,-18 ℃条件贮存样品的检出率为5.9%,而常温贮存样品中未检出单增李斯特菌。单增李斯特菌对头孢西丁、红霉素、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑、四环素、氯霉素、头孢哌酮的耐药率分别为100%,11.1%,14.8%,26%,4%和3.7%,对庆大霉素、环丙沙星、阿米卡星100%敏感。单增李斯特菌分属5个血清型群体,其中17(63.0%)株为1/2b或3b型,6株(22.2%)为1/2a或3a型,1株(3.7%)为1/2c或3c型,1株(3.7%)为4b、4d或4c型,2(7.4%)株为4a或4c型。【结论】陕西杨凌辖区即食食品和生鸡肉是主要污染单增李斯特菌的食品品种,该单增李斯特菌菌株存在一定程度的多重耐药现象,主要为1/2b或3b及1/2a或3a血清型,对消费者的健康有一定的潜在的危险。     

A seroepidemiological survey of adenovirus activity (types 1--3) at two Finnish calf rearing farms.

Three series of seroepidemiological studies by microneutralization test on activity by serotypes 1, 2 and 3 of bovine adenovirus were carried out at two calf rearing farms. One farm (A) was operated as a closed, and the other (B) as an open herd. At farm A two serial studies were made, covering periods of six and nine months and including groups of 44 and 41 even-aged bull calves, respectively; at farm Β at each bleeding calves of different selected age groups were included, 36 in all.Maternal antibodies against all three types were common. With few exceptions they had disappeared at the age of five months. At farm B, unexpectedly, in view of the open herd nature, no signs of active infection were revealed during the period of study. At farm A infection by type 3 was judged to be present during both studies, though demonstrably affecting a lesser part of the study population only; infections by types 1 and 2 definitely occurred only during the second study, and then extensively. The titers of type 1 and 2 antibodies were, on the average, higher (with highest titers 1/243 and 1/729, respectively) than those of type 3 (highest titer 1/27). The spread of infection within the groups was relatively slow. A possible causative participation of type 2 virus in a smaller epidemic of mild respiratory and enteric disease at farm A was suggested but not verified by the results. Maternal antibodies did not seem to give effective protection against infection.     

辽西地区鸡大肠杆菌分离鉴定、药敏及IHA诊断液制备

本试验从辽西地区部分养鸡场采集具有典型临诊特征的鸡大肠杆菌病的病、死鸡病料,进行细菌分离培养和鉴定,分离到89株鸡大肠杆菌。通过血清型鉴定,鉴定出血清型的82株,血清型9种,分别为O₁、O₂、O₈、O₁₅、O₁₈、O₃₅、O₇₈、O₁₁₄、O₁₄₁,其中O₁₈、O₃₅型鸡大肠杆菌为辽西地区优势流行血清型。将分离纯化的O₃₅型鸡大肠杆菌超声裂解后,加入致敏双醛化处理过的红细胞,制备O₃₅型鸡大肠杆菌间接血凝诊断液,验证其特异性、敏感性和稳定性,完成诊断液的标准化。同时采用Kirby-Bauer纸片法,选择12种标准药敏片对此89株分离菌株进行药敏试验。结果表明,间接血凝诊断液特异性和敏感性好,质量稳定。而药敏试验结果显示,各地区均有耐药菌株的出现,仅对氟苯尼考、头孢噻呋、左旋氧氟沙星、盐酸沙拉沙星这4种药物敏感性较高。     

Streptococcus suis isolated from pigs in Finland

A total of 58 Streptococcus suis strains were isolated from deceased pigs submitted to the National Veterinary Institute, Regional Laboratory in Kuopio, Finland, over a 3 1/2 year period, most frequently from cases of pneumonia. The bacteria were isolated from cases of meningitis, sepsis, rhinitis, endocarditis and abortion. S. suis was also isolated from nasal cavity, lung and brain of some sick piglets without signs of inflammation. Further S. suis was detected in 12 out of 107 tonsils of healthy fatteners tested. S. suis strains were identified by biochemical methods followed by typing. The most common capsular types were 7, 3 and 2, respectively. Only one type 1 strain and no types 6 and 9 strains were found. All S. suis strains tested were sensitive to penicillin and ampicillin.S. suis is not uncommon in Finnish pig herds. S. suis may be regarded as a potentially pathogenic organism which under certain predisposing conditions may cause serious disease.     

Serological Characterization of 8 Haemophilus Pleuropneumoniae Strains and Proposal of a New Serotype: Serotype 8

Eight strains of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae isolated from 8 herd outbreaks of pleuropneumonia in pigs were studied by means of the slide agglutination test, the tube agglutination test, the IHA test and by gel diffusion.The 8 strains were antigenically homogeneous and serologically distinct from serotypes 1 through 7. It is therefore proposed to refer these strains to a new serotype: serotype 8, with strain 405 as the type strain.In addition to the serotype-specific capsular antigens, capsular antigen of serotype 3 (strain 1421) and serotype 6 (strain Femø) could be demonstrated in the 8 strains by means of the IHA test and by gel diffusion analyses.     

湖北省快生型大豆根瘤菌的血清型

根据交叉凝集试验结果将从湖北钟样、广济、监利、潜江等地分离的37株快生型大豆根瘤菌分成5个血清型,用荧光抗体技术检查这5个血清型之间的交叉现象结果表明它们是相互独立的。其中ZA血清型与USDA205有相同的抗原成分。所有的快生型大豆根瘤菌和慢生型大豆根瘤菌之间无相同的抗原成分。     

Induced cross-protection in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), against different immobilization serotypes of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Abstract Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), were immunized with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) theronts and trophonts, and the immune response and host protection against both homologous and heterologous serotypes of Ich were evaluated. Immunizations were done with two immobilization serotypes (ARS4 and ARS6) of live theronts by bath immersion (trial I) and with sonicated trophonts by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection (trial II). Cutaneous and serum antibody titres against Ich following immunization were measured and survival of catfish was determined after theront challenge. Theronts were immobilized by the antiserum from fish immunized with homologous theronts or trophonts, but not by the serum of fish immunized with the heterologous serotype. Serum from fish immunized by immersion with live theronts showed higher enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titres against both homologous and heterologous serotypes than fish immunized by i.p. injection of trophonts. Channel catfish immunized by immersion with live theronts or by i.p. injection with sonicated trophonts developed an immune response against Ich and provided cross-protection against challenge from both serotypes (ARS4 and ARS6) of the parasite. Sonicated trophont antigens in aqueous solution by i.p. injection could stimulate an immune response in fish, but the immunity was of short duration.