家兔产气荚膜梭菌的分离、鉴定及致病性分析

为对疑似家兔产气荚膜梭菌病感染死亡的肉兔病例进行病原菌的分离鉴定,并分析其对家兔的致病性,试验采集死亡病例的肠道内容物,划线接种于兔鲜血平板和TSC选择鉴别培养基中,对病原菌进行分离纯化,利用细菌16SrDNA通用引物进行分子鉴定,分析其同源性,构建系统进化发育树,同时,对病原菌进行生化鉴定,并将病原菌腹腔接种30日龄肉兔,分析其致病性。结果表明,从病料中分离纯化到1株革兰氏阳性菌;通过对细菌16S rDNA基因测序分析及生化鉴定确定为产气荚膜梭菌,且在系统进化树中也与其聚为一簇;致病性分析发现,该菌对家兔具有较强的致死性,可使试验组肉兔在攻毒16h后全部死亡。综上所述,本研究成功获得1株具有较强毒性的兔源产气荚膜梭菌,为产气荚膜梭菌致病机制的研究奠定了基础,同时也为疫病诊断和防控提供了理论依据。     

兔轮状病毒病的诊治

某肉兔养殖场幼兔发生了一起以水样腹泻为主要特征的疫病,通过对病死兔的临床症状和病理剖检观察、RT-PCR检测、动物回归试验等确诊为该兔场发生了兔轮状病毒的感染,通过采取一系列治疗措施,疫情得到了控制。     

Performance of New Zealand White and Californian male weaned rabbits in the subtropical environment of Egypt

The New Zealand White (NZW) was superior significantly ( P  < 0.05) to the Californian (Cal) breed in final body weight, final total body solids and preslaughter weight. In contrast, Cal showed greater plasma creatinine ( P  < 0.001) than the NZW. The differences in the other traits were not significant. NZW also showed higher dressing percentage and Cal showed higher mortality percentage. The Temperature-humidity Index (THI) values indicated absence of heat stress in the first period (mild period) and exposure to moderate (very close to severe) heat stress in the second one (hot period). The heat stress conditions caused significant ( P  < 0.001, 0.01 or 0.05) decreases in each of final body weight, daily body gain, daily feed intake, final total body solids, solids daily gain, plasma total protein, albumin, globulin, total lipids, glucose, thyroid hormone T3, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus and preslaughter weight. At the same time, significant ( P  < 0.001 or 0.01) increases occurred in each of water intake, water/feed ratio, total body water (mL/100 g body solids), blood urea-N, creatinine, respiration rate and rectal, skin and ear temperatures. The interaction of breed x period effects was significant ( P  < 0.01 or 0.05) on plasma creatinine and hind-limb cut. Estimations of 'adaptability' to the subtropical environment of Egypt were found to be 83.1% for NZW and 82.6% for Cal breeds.     

Respiratory and cardiovascular effects of buprenorphine in conscious rabbits

ObjectiveTo quantify the respiratory and cardiovascular effects of intravenous or subcutaneous buprenorphine in conscious rabbits.Study designProspective experimental trial.AnimalsEight healthy, young adult New Zealand white rabbits (four female).MethodsRabbits were instrumented with intraabdominal arterial and venous catheters and diaphragmatic electromyographic electrodes 2 weeks before experiments. Arterial blood pressure, arterial blood gases, heart rate and respiratory rate were monitored during experiments. Buprenorphine (0.06 mg) was administered either intravenously or subcutaneously to conscious rabbits. Respiratory and cardiovascular parameters were compared to baseline at 10 and 22 minutes after intravenous buprenorphine administration, and at 30, 60, and 90 minutes after subcutaneous buprenorphine administration.ResultsBuprenorphine administration, at a dose of approximately 0.02 mg kg⁻¹, did not change blood pressure or heart rate. However, respiratory rate decreased from 252 ± 26 to 39 ± 26 breaths minute⁻¹ (mean ± SD), and from 306 ± 38 to 90 ± 38 breaths minute⁻¹ following intravenous and subcutaneous administration of buprenorphine, respectively. Subsequent to intravenous and subcutaneous buprenorphine, arterial oxygen tension decreased from 88 ± 4 to 72 ± 4 mmHg (11.7 ± 0.5 to 9.6 ± 0.5 kPa) and from 87 ± 3 to 77 ± 3 mmHg (11.6 ± 0.4 to 10.3 ± 0.4 kPa), respectively. Buprenorphine, by either route of administration, increased arterial carbon dioxide tension from 36 to 41 mmHg (4.8–5.5 kPa) and increased the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient from 15 to ≥20 mmHg (2 to ≥2.7 kPa).Conclusions and clinical relevanceBuprenorphine administration decreased respiratory rate and produced mild hypoxemia in conscious rabbits. While these changes were well tolerated by healthy animals, caution should be exercised when administering buprenorphine to rabbits predisposed to respiratory depression.     

Effect of buprenorphine on the cardiovascular and respiratory response to visceral pain in conscious rabbits

Objective  To evaluate the effect of buprenorphine administration on the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to noxious colorectal distension in conscious rabbits.
Study design  Prospective experimental trial.
Animals  Fifteen healthy, young adult New Zealand white rabbits (eight female).
Methods  Experiments were performed on conscious rabbits that were instrumented with intraabdominal arterial and venous catheters, and diaphragmatic and abdominal electromyographic electrodes. Colorectal distension was achieved by inflation of an acutely placed colorectal balloon catheter until mean arterial pressure increased 10–15 mmHg. Buprenorphine (0.06 mg) or saline was administered intravenously prior to, or during colorectal distension. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, abdominal electromyographic activity, and intra-balloon pressure were monitored.
Results  In the absence of colorectal distension, buprenorphine increased arterial blood pressure and decreased respiratory rate but did not change heart rate. Colorectal distension increased arterial blood pressure and heart rate, and decreased respiratory rate. The increase in arterial blood pressure associated with colorectal distension was attenuated following preemptive buprenorphine, but was not changed by buprenorphine administered during distension.
Conclusions and clinical relevance  If cardiovascular changes reflect the intensity of noxious stimulation, then these results support the preemptive administration of buprenorphine for visceral analgesia.     

光照周期对褪黑激素受体在母兔下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴中分布与表达的影响

旨在观察不同光照周期对新西兰白色母兔褪黑激素受体在"下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴"中的分布和表达模式,从而进一步分析褪黑激素在不同光照周期下调控母兔发情的机制。选用5月龄未经产新西兰母兔48只,随机分成3组,每组16只,前10 d各试验组采用"12 h光照：12 h黑暗"的光照制度,后6 d分别采用长光照（16 h光照：8 h黑暗）、短光照（8 h光照：16 h黑暗）和正常光照（12 h光照：12 h黑暗,对照组）的光照制度,光照强度80 lx,试验期为16 d。试验结束后剖杀动物,取下丘脑、垂体和卵巢,用qPCR、免疫印迹、免疫组织化学方法,研究不同光照周期对母兔的下丘脑、垂体、卵巢中褪黑激素受体亚型分布与表达的影响。结果表明：在下丘脑,短光照组的MT1 mRNA表达量较长光照组高88.8%（P<0.05）,较对照组高54.9%（P<0.05）,长光照组与对照组间无显著差异;MT2 mRNA表达量在不同光周期组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。免疫组织化学染色结果显示,长光照组下丘脑室周核的MT1阳性细胞数明显较短光照组少69.4%（P<0.05）,较对照组少37.3%（P<0.05）,短光照组比对照组显著多104.8%（P<0.05）;同样,长光照组室旁核的MT1阳性细胞数明显较短光照组少52.9%（P<0.05）,对照组明显较短光照组少55.8%（P<0.05）,而长光照组与对照组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。在垂体,短光照组的MT1 mRNA表达量比长光照组显著高164%（P<0.05）,比对照组显著高49.5%（P<0.05）,而长光照组比对照组显著低43.5%（P<0.05）;但不同光周期下MT2 mRNA表达量差异不显著（P>0.05）;长光照组的卵巢MT1 mRNA表达量较对照组低33.3%（P<0.05）,较短光照组低53.6%（P<0.05）,短光照组与对照组间差异不显著（P>0.05）;卵巢中短光照组MT2的mRNA相对表达量比对照组显著高90.0%（P<0.05）,比长光照组显著高100%（P<0.05）,长光照组与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）。短光照周期显著提高了下丘脑、垂体和卵巢中褪黑激素受体亚型MT1表达,而不是MT2受体亚型。光照周期调控母兔发情的作用机制可能是褪黑激素通过MT1受体途径实现的。     

中草药提取物对兔源性致病菌抑制作用试验

为了研究中草药提取物对家兔临床致病性大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性。采用醇提法和水提法提取其有效成分,通过管碟法和试管二倍稀释法测定中草药的抑菌效果。结果表明,石榴皮提取物对大肠埃希菌极度敏感;黄连、厚朴提取物对大肠埃希菌高度敏感;抑菌圈直径在15.0mm^20.5mm,最小抑菌浓度在15.6~31.3mg/mL,石榴皮、黄连提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌高度敏感;抑菌圈直径在16.0mm^19.5mm,最小抑菌浓度分别为15.6、7.8mg/mL,本研究为家兔致病菌的中药防治提供了理论基础。     

山东省兔产业化经营状况调查与分析

利用实地调研所获得的数据,将山东省兔产业化经营与传统经营方式进行了对比,阐述了山东省兔产业化经营发展现状,分析了兔产业化经营的影响因素,为兔产业化经营的推广提出有效建议。     

SINGLE PORT LAPAROSCOPIC-ASSISTED OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY IN 3 RABBITS

Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) involves only a single 2-3 cm incision in the ventral midline of the patient with entry of the port, particularly the foam SILS Port multiple access port. This type of minimally invasive surgery using only 1 port and a controlled Hasson approach provides decreased risk of iatrogenic abdominal viscera penetration. This SILS Port (Covidien, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) also allows easy transition of instruments, telescope, and bipolar electrocautery devices amongst the 3 built-in cannulae for ideal triangulation for each side of the patient. In these 3 cases, the body wall incision length was reduced as compared to an open technique, involved fewer incisions as compared to a multiple port access technique, and subjectively proposed less risk to the cecum with the foam port. The median surgery time was 50 minutes (45-55 minutes), and no intraoperative or immediate postoperative complications were encountered in this series. The purpose of this clinical technique article is to describe and illustrate the laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy procedure via SILS for the domestic rabbit.