RT-LAMP技术检测菜豆荚斑驳病毒的研究

菜豆荚斑驳病毒(Bean pod mottle virus,BPMV)是我国对外公布的检疫性有害生物,本研究采用环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP),建立了一种快速、灵敏和特异的BPMV检测方法。根据BPMV外壳蛋白编码基因上的8个位点,共设计了6条引物,通过RT-LAMP扩增得到特征性的瀑布状条带。特异性试验表明,引物对BPMV的检测具有良好的特异性;灵敏度试验显示RT-LAMP比RT-PCR灵敏度高1 000倍。该方法无需特殊的试剂和设备,只需在水浴锅中60℃等温扩增,整个检测周期约2~2.5 h,适合BPMV的快速、准确检测。     

河北省花生果腐病病原鉴定及致病性研究

对河北省石家庄、保定等地的花生果腐病进行了调查和取样,并进行了病原菌的分离鉴定,基本明确了河北省花生果腐病主要是由茄镰刀菌[Fusarium solani（Mart.）Sacc.]和群结腐霉（Pythium.myriotylum Drechsl）复合侵染引起。同时进行了病菌回接试验,检验了2种病菌的致病性,结果表明,茄镰刀菌和群结腐霉菌单独接种均可致病,且茄镰刀菌致病力较强,但症状与田间表现有差异;复合接种发病的症状与田间发病症状相同。从回接发病的荚果上再次分离培养病原菌,发现与原分离病原物一致,说明茄镰刀菌和群结腐霉菌是河北省花生果腐病的主要致病菌。     

广东湛江杂草稻qSH1基因片段序列分析

摘要：为了探讨杂草稻与栽培稻在qSH1基因片段是否存在差异。利用已经报道的扩增水稻qSH1基因的引物,对来源于广东湛江雷州地区的6份落粒性非常强的杂草稻进行PCR检测,通过测序得到约460bp的核苷酸碱基序列,序列分析结果表明：该核苷酸碱基序列大致位于qSH1基因下游100kb处,与NCBI网站公布的核苷酸序列为同源序列,同源性达100 %。这6份杂草稻与水稻之间共同存在一个碱基位点差异,经证实正是前人报道的SNP位点。另外6份杂草稻所获片段序列不完全一致,存在一个位点差异,但不能确定是否为一个作用位点。     

单管多重RT-PCR同时检测大豆种子中三种检疫性植物病毒

我国大豆年进口量持续增长,快速、准确地检测进境大豆种子中可能携带的病原物是防止检疫性有害生物入境传播和扩散的有效手段。菜豆荚斑驳病毒(BPMV)、烟草环斑病毒(TRSV)和番茄环斑病毒(ToRSV)均是被大豆种子携带的检疫性有害生物。本研究建立了在单一PCR管中同时检测这3种检疫性植物病毒及大豆内源基因Bd-30K的多重RT-PCR方法。研究结果表明,所建立的多重RT-PCR方法具有较好的特异性和灵敏度,检测含BPMV、TRSV和ToRSV RNA的最低浓度分别为0.45、0.0093和0.004ng/μL,从大豆种子中同时检测3种病毒的最低RNA浓度为0.58ng/μL。     

春大豆根系生长与花荚形成的关系研究

2013—2014年在新疆伊宁县科技示范园研究了中熟超高产大豆与高产品种(系)在根系伤流量、0~80 cm土层根干重等方面的差异及其与开花、结荚数的关系。结果表明:在开花、结荚期形成近80%根量,超高产品种(系)在花、荚期根系伤流量、0~80 cm土层总根干重、0~40 cm根系活性、总花数、总腔数均明显高于高产品种(系);花期根干重增量、伤流势与总花数的相关系数分别为0.970、0.898(P0.05),花荚期根干重增量、伤流势与总荚数的相关系数分别为0.905、0.77(P0.05);超高产品种(系)花、荚期根量大、活性高是其总花、荚数明显多于高产品种(系)的重要原因之一;中熟春大豆近6 000 kg·hm-2产量在始粒期获得,0~80 cm土层根系总干重为125~142.3 g·m-2,总花数3 448.4~3 695.7×104朵·hm-2、总腔数2 767.4~3 303.8×104个·hm-2。     

Molecular and metabolic changes of cherelle wilt of cacao and its effect on Moniliophthora roreri

Young Theobroma cacao pods, known as cherelles, are commonly lost to physiological thinning known as cherelle wilt. Cherelles are susceptible to frosty pod rot caused by Moniliophthora roreri. We studied the cherelle wilt process and its impact on M. roreri infection using microscopic, metabolite, and gene expression analyses. Wilt was associated with increased levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediaries and decreased levels of major metabolites. Expression changes of cacao ESTs in response to wilt suggest induction of the polyamine, ethylene, and jasmonic acid biosynthetic pathways and regulation of abscisic acid and cytokinin levels. M. roreriinfection caused little alteration of cherelle physiology. M. roreri responded to the late stage of wilt by altering the expression of M. roreri ESTs associated with metabolite detoxification and host tissue degradation. The environment of the wilting cherelles may truncate the disease cycle of frosty pod rot, by limiting M. roreri sporulation and stopping the lifecycle.     

大豆食心虫与大豆产量的关系研究

以23个品种(系)为试验材料,在自然栽培管理条件下,对虫食数、虫食率与产量的关系以及同节同荚好豆百粒质量与其余好豆百粒质量的关系进行研究,探讨大豆食心虫与产量之间的关系。结果表明,不同品种(系)间的虫食相关性状差异极显著;虫食数与单株粒质量呈正相关但不显著,虫食率与单株粒质量呈显著负相关,虫食同节同荚好豆百粒质量与其他好豆百粒质量间差异不显著。     

基于悬空压裂法的油菜角果抗裂角力测试试验

为寻求出油菜角果不易炸裂的优良品种,在分析已有油菜角果抗裂角力测试方法优缺点的基础上,采用悬空压裂法在WDW-300型万能试验机上对不同品种油菜角果的抗裂角力进行了试验研究,分析油菜品种、角果大小、角果含水率、角果成熟度等因素对油菜角果抗裂角力的影响。结果表明:加载速度为10 mm/min时,载荷随位移的增加先迅速上升,在得到一个峰值力后瞬间下降,呈曲线变化状态,峰值即为角果的抗裂角力。试验测得了28个品种油菜角果抗裂角力范围为0.898～3.035 N,同一品种的油菜角果含水率越高,角果尺寸越小时抗裂角力越小。油菜角果大小差异明显时,同一品种角果尺寸大其抗裂角力大;品种相同含水率不同时,含水率大的角果抗裂角力大。该试验也为研究油菜角果抗裂角力提供了一种新的测定方法,操作简单、快捷。     

Resistance to the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius, and the probable modalities involved in wild Vigna

A large number of accessions belonging to selected wild Vigna species namely V. unguiculata subspecies dekindtiana, V. oblongifolia, and V. vexillata were evaluated using choice (DCAT) and no-choice (NCFT) laboratory feeding bioassays to determine their resistance to the pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius. The most resistant accessions belonged to V. vexillata, followed by those from V. oblongifolia, with a few outstanding exceptions from V. unguiculata. Even though the latter were the least resistant, they provided the greatest variability among the tested accessions. In the DCAT, the cultivated cowpea line, IT84S-2246, which was used as the susceptible control was always preferred for feeding by the larvae (feeding index [FI] of 1.10–2.60) than the V. unguiculata accessions (FI ranged from 0–0.52). Against the resistant control (itself belonging to V. vexillata), only a few accessions were less preferred, most of these being either V. vexillata or V. oblongifolia. Larvae lost weight on the most resistant from all three species, because they either did not feed, or fed very little. Weight gain was positively correlated with seed damage (r = 0.82, P < 0.01) and the amount of frass produced (r = 0.91, P < 0.01). Seed damage was also positively correlated with the amount of frass produced (r = 0.64, P < 0.05). On the basis of these results, we believe that both antibiosis (post-ingestive effects) and antixenosis (deterrence to boring into the pods to feed) modalities of resistance are involved. The results are discussed further in relation to the origin, domestication and use of these accessions in cowpea improvement.     

巢式杂交群体的花生荚果性状遗传模型分析

采用主基因+多基因遗传模型,对巢式群体的5个组合的F2家系的荚果性状进行了遗传模式解析,以期了解巢式杂交群体的荚果性状遗传变异特点。结果表明,巢式杂交群体具有丰富的荚果性状的变异类型,荚果长、宽和百果重在5个组合中的最小值至最大值变异幅度分别为（14.30~22.09）mm~（38.36~45.12）mm、（7.06~10.47）mm~（17.13~22.74）mm和（62.41~94.38）g~（266.75~364.00）g。荚果长与荚果宽、荚果表面积、荚果表面周长、百果重的相关性均极显著,与荚果长宽比的相关性较小;荚果宽与荚果表面积、荚果表面周长、百果重存在正相关,与荚果长宽比存在负相关。不同杂交组合的不同果型性状的遗传模式均有差异,最佳遗传模型为两对主基因加性-显性模型和两对主基因加性-显性-上位性模型;主基因遗传力22.79%~91.62%,不同群体中的基因效应值各不相同,表明多等位基因或非等位基因的不同遗传效应以及遗传背景差异对荚果性状的影响。本研究为利用NAM群体开展荚果性状QTL定位及分子标记开发、为专用型花生新品种选育提供了材料基础和理论依据。