不同施磷量对油菜新品种产量的影响

通过田间试验,研究磷肥与油菜产量、品质和植株形态之间的关系,确定油菜高产、优质、高效的磷肥施用量。不同油菜品种磷肥用量试验的结果表明:①每公顷施纯磷360kg的处理,中双9号,每公顷产量达3301.65kg,中油杂2号,产量达到最大值,每公顷产量3781.95kg。②一次分枝对产量影响最大,二次分枝、主花序的贡献相对要小得多。③随着施磷量的增加单位面积有效角果数呈增长的趋势。     

不同播期东农42产质量性状动态变化规律研究

本试验通过高蛋白品种东农42的六个播期试验,对品质性状和部分产量性状动态取样分析进行研究。确定不同播期对大豆产质性状影响,为指导大豆生产实践提供理论基础。试验通过对大豆东农42在六个不同播种时期的形态及产质量性状中的九个性状进行动态取样和测量,并通过EXCEL和SPSS10.0对试验数据进行统计分析。通过东农42不同播期动态规律研究表明：不同播期之间对品质性状、产量性状和形态性状影响均较大。随着播期推迟,品质性状蛋白质含量增加,油分含量减少;产量性状的单株荚数、鲜粒荚比降低,而鲜皮荚比升高;形态性状的主茎节数降低。但其它一些性状受环境光温条件和降水量影响较大,如株高,平均鲜粒重和平均鲜荚重等。本实验证明,黑龙江省哈尔滨地区大豆的适宜播种期在4月底至5月上中旬,如果播期太晚,会严重影响大豆产量。     

野生大豆荚粒相关性状QTL定位

利用复合区间作图法和混合线性模型复合区间作图法,对野生大豆江浦野生豆-5和栽培大豆南农06-17所得的F2∶3家系(2008、2009年)及F2∶4家系(2009年)的单株有效荚数、单株粒重、百粒重3个荚粒相关性状进行QTL分析。结果表明:复合区间作图法检测到27个QTL,混合线性模型复合区间作图法检测到18个加性显性QTL和13对上位性QTL,2种方法共同检测到17个QTL,其中12个QTL(qEPP-H-1、qEPP-Lb-1、qSWP-La-1、qSWP-Lb-1、qSW-B1-1、qSW-B2-1、qSW-D1b-1、qSW-H-1、qSW-H-2、qSW-I-2、qSW-Lb-1和qSW-Ma-1)在2 a或2个世代稳定表达,qEPP-H-1、qEPP-Lb-1和qSWP-Lb-1的增效等位基因来源于野生大豆。研究结果为野生大豆优异等位基因的发掘、栽培大豆遗传基础的拓宽以及大豆产量分子标记辅助育种提供理论依据。     

不同载体对DDVP熏蒸田间防治大豆食心虫效果的影响

以海绵、粉笔、玉米芯3种材料为载体,进行了DDVP熏蒸防治大豆食心虫成虫效果的比较研究,结果表明,在3种载体中,以海绵效果最好,玉米芯次之,粉笔最差。同时,针对DDVP熏蒸防治大豆食心虫成虫的有效距离进行了测定,结果显示,DDVP熏蒸防治大豆食心虫成虫的有效距离为2.6m(36h内靶标死亡率100%),田间有效防治的载体单元投放量不能少于25个/667m2。风对DDVP熏蒸效果有影响,但在大面积应用时,风的影响可被多点的传递效应所抵消。     

小豆小花分化进程差异对花荚形成及脱落的影响

通过对小豆全株各叶位腋芽的整体解剖观察,结合田问花荚形成及脱落情况调查,探讨了小花分化进程差异对小豆花荚形成及脱落的影响.结果表明,一级分枝不同节位相同花位小花分化速度表现为"慢-快-慢"的趋势;同一分枝不同节位基部的小花发育速度落后于中部各节位小花的发育,随着分枝节位的升高,发育时期差异越小,基部1～3节落蕾率高,中...     

水稻落粒性的研究进展

为了阐明落粒性的机理,综述了水稻落粒生理基础与形态解剖学特征、水稻落粒性的遗传与QTL/基因定位等方面的研究进展。     

花生抗黄曲霉大果种质的创制与鉴定

培育和种植抗黄曲霉品种是防控花生黄曲霉毒素污染最为经济有效的途径,而黄曲霉抗性与高产的矛盾一直是花生抗黄曲霉育种的障碍.本研究以抗黄曲霉花生种质J11与高产品种中花16为亲本构建的重组自交系群体(Recombined inbreed lines,RILs)为材料,进行黄曲霉侵染和产毒抗性鉴定,探讨抗性与高产(大果)性状...     

可可种质抗黑果病离体鉴定方法研究

利用可可离体叶片和离体果实鉴定可可种质对黑果病抗性的方法。结果表明:接种方法、接种物浓度、叶龄或果龄等因素影响离体叶片、果实黑果病发生程度;离体叶片接种鉴定方法最适条件是采用针刺法接种、接种物浓度3×107个/m L、叶龄50~60 d;离体果实接种鉴定方法最适条件为采用滴接法、接种物浓度为3×105个/m L、果龄2~3个月。采用离体叶片接种和离体果实接种方法均能鉴定出可可种质对黑果病抗性的差异,鉴定结果与田间成株期的抗病性表现基本一致。     

Limited morphological,physiological and genetic diversity of Phytophthora palmivora from cocoa in Papua New Guinea

In Papua New Guinea (PNG) cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is one of the most important cash crops grown in the tropical lowland and island regions. As in most cocoa‐growing areas, phytophthora black pod and canker cause significant yield losses. Cocoa breeding activities in PNG are focused in East New Britain province where disease control recommendations are also developed. This study tested the hypothesis that there was no diversity in the Phytophthora palmivora population causing black pod on cocoa by characterizing the variation in pathogen populations within and between the five major cocoa‐growing areas. Diseased pods were sampled hierarchically from the five locations and additional isolates were collected from soil, stem and leaf lesions, or retrieved from culture collections. Morphological characters showed continuous variation within the range described for P. palmivora. Genetic analysis revealed that the isolates belonged to one dominant clonal lineage, with restricted distributions of several other subpopulations. Lowest diversities were found in the geographically isolated Karkar Island and East Sepik province. Soil isolates showed greater genetic diversity than isolates from cocoa lesions. Intra‐farm variation was as much as inter‐farm or inter‐province variation. Both mating types were detected, although no strong evidence of sexual recombination was observed. The analysis revealed limited geographic, temporal or host specialization, suggesting continuous selection for pathogenicity from a genetic pool of P. palmivora. These findings have significant implications on the deployment of cocoa genotypes, enforcement of inter‐province quarantine and sustainable disease management strategies.