2种抗光肩星天牛杨树树皮和木质部生化物质分析

以新疆杨和沙林杨为对象,检测其在未受害和受害状态下树皮和木质部的生化物质含量或活性,从生化角度探讨2树种的抗虫机制。结果表明,未受害新疆杨树皮糖含量最高,受害沙林杨木质部糖含量最低;蛋白含量在受害新疆杨木质部最高,在未受害沙林杨木质部最低。在未受害情况下,沙林杨树皮中槲皮苷和白杨甙含量均高于在新疆杨树皮中的含量,而亚麻木酚素和类黄酮含量均低于在新疆杨树皮中的含量;沙林杨木质部的总酚含量高于在新疆杨木质部的含量。受害后,除单宁和类黄酮外,其他次生代谢物在沙林杨树皮中的含量均显著低于新疆杨树皮中的含量;沙林杨木质部的毛蕊花糖苷含量显著高于新疆杨木质部,白杨甙和总酚苷则相反。防御酶类测定结果显示,未受害沙林杨树皮中的SOD酶活性低于新疆杨中的活性,而PPO酶相反。受害后,沙林杨树皮中的PAL和木质部的PPO酶活性分别显著低于在新疆杨树皮和木质部中的活性;沙林杨树皮中的SOD活性显著低于其在木质部的活性;POD酶在沙林杨受害树皮中的活性最高,在受害木质部中的活性也显著高于在未受害木质部中的活性。因此,沙林杨树皮和木质部中的POD和SOD酶与防御天牛危害有关,新疆杨受害木质部中的PAL和PPO酶升高与光肩星天牛的钻蛀有关。     

外源Ca2+对模拟酸雨胁迫下不同抗性水稻根系氮吸收的影响

为减轻酸雨对植物生长的不利影响,探究Ca²⁺对植物耐酸性的调控机制,本文以五优308（抗性种）和南粳9108（敏感种）两个品种水稻为研究对象,研究外源Ca²⁺对低强度酸雨（pH 4.5,SAR1）和高强度酸雨（pH 3.0,SAR2）胁迫下水稻幼苗根系生长、氮（NO₃^-和NH₄⁺）含量及吸收速率、ATP含量、质膜H⁺-ATPase活性及其磷酸化水平的影响。结果表明： SAR1处理下两个品种水稻的H⁺-ATPase磷酸化水平和活性增加（P<0.05）,促进ATP分解,增加供能,使NH₄⁺吸收增加（P<0.05）,但NH₄⁺仅在南粳9108根中过量积累（P<0.05）,引起铵毒,造成根系生长抑制,五优308中NO₃^-和NH₄⁺含量及其生长均未受影响（P>0.05）。SAR2处理下,两个品种水稻质膜H⁺-ATPase活性和NO₃^-、NH₄⁺吸收速率及含量均降低,根系生长受到抑制（P<0.05）,其中南粳9108降幅大于五优308。Ca²⁺+SAR1处理组两个品种水稻根系质膜H⁺-ATPase磷酸化水平和活性、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺吸收和积累以及根系生长均与对照（叶喷去离子水处理）差异不显著（P>0.05）。Ca²⁺+SAR2处理下H⁺-ATPase活性、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺吸收和积累以及根系生长低于对照（P<0.05）,但显著高于单一SAR2处理（P<0.05）。研究表明,外源Ca²⁺可有效保障模拟酸雨（pH 4.5、3.0）下质膜H⁺-ATPase磷酸化水平,促进H⁺-ATPase活性升高,缓解酸雨对NO₃^-和NH₄⁺吸收的抑制,维持根系生长。其中,外源Ca²⁺对相同强度模拟酸雨胁迫下五优308的调控效果优于南粳9108,说明外源Ca²⁺对酸雨胁迫下植物氮吸收的影响不仅受酸雨强度限制,而且也会受品种影响。本实验中,外源Ca²⁺对不同强度酸雨胁迫下不同抗性水稻氮吸收均有调控效果,合理利用外源Ca²⁺将有助于调节酸雨区农作物的营养吸收,缓解酸雨对农业生产的危害。     

Cortisol treatment improves the development of hypoosmoregulatory mechanisms in the euryhaline rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri

The effect of cortisol on osmoregulatory parameters was studied in rainbow trout, (Salmo gairdneri), kept in freshwater (FW) and/or transferred to seawater (SW). Repeated injections of 20 μg cortisol/g fish stimulated gill and gut Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity and reduced plasma Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels after 2 weeks of treatment in FW-adapted fish. Cortisol doses of 0.05 and 1.0 μg/g were without effect. Repeated injections of 10 μg cortisol/g stimulated gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity and reduced plasma Na+ and Cl⁻ levels in fish in FW, and significantly improved ion regulation after their transfer to 28SW. Higher doses of cortisol (10 and 20 μg/g) induced hyperglycemia, whereas low doses (0.05 and 1.0 μg/g were without effect or induced hypoglycemia. Plasma glucose levels decreased in cortisol-treated fish transferred to SW, whereas transient hyperglycemia was seen in the control fish.     

中药血浆药理方法的研究进展

完善和发展中药血浆药理方法是可行的和必要的,越来越多学者主张半体内实验采用血浆进行研究,除非抗凝剂干扰实验     

Investigation of the Role of Androstenedione-19-oic Acid in the Presence of 19-Norandrostenedione in Intact Male Horse Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to confirm the presence of androstenedione-19-oic acid in intact male equine plasma and to show the source of 19-norandrostenedione in equine plasma. Androstenedione-19-oic acid was recovered from acidified plasma by liquid–liquid extraction using methyl tert-butyl ether and separated on an Ace 5 C₈ column. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to detect the analytes in negative electrospray ionization mode. Limits of detection, quantification, and confirmation of the method were 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. The linear dynamic range of quantification was 0.5–50 ng/mL. The presence of androstenedione-19-oic acid was confirmed in all plasma samples obtained from intact male horses but not those from gelded and female horses; the average concentration was 3.1 ± 1.6 ng/mL, suggesting androstenedione-19-oic acid is an endogenous compound only in intact male horse plasma samples. The conversion of androstenedione-19-oic acid to 19-norandrostenedione in equine plasma was demonstrated by spiking androstenedione-19-oic acid into blank plasma and monitoring the generation of 19-norandrostenedione and its increase in concentration during storage. Results indicated that androstenedione-19-oic acid was readily converted into 19-norandrostenedione; the higher the storage temperature, the faster the conversion. The conversion was not affected by the types of plasma samples collected from gelded and female horses or by anticoagulants used in blood collection to harvest plasma. Compared with other matrices such as water, methanol, and phosphate-buffered saline, the conversion of androstenedione-19-oic to 19-norandrostenedione in equine plasma was faster, suggesting that there is an unknown factor(s) in equine plasma that enhances the conversion.     

Low protein provision during the first year of life,but not during foetal life,affects metabolic traits,organ mass development and growth in male mink (Neovison vison)

Low protein provision in utero and post‐partum may induce metabolic disorders in adulthood. Studies in mink have mainly focused on short‐term consequences of low protein provision in utero whereas the long‐term responses to low protein (LP) provision in metabolically programmed mink are unknown. We investigated whether low protein provision in utero affects the long‐term response to adequate (AP) or LP provision after weaning in male mink. Eighty‐six male mink were exposed to low (19% of ME from CP; crude protein) or adequate (31% of ME from CP) protein provision in utero, and to LP (~20% of ME from CP) or AP (30–42% of ME from CP) provision post‐weaning. Being metabolically programmed by low protein provision in utero did not affect the response to post‐weaning diets. Dietary protein content in the LP feed after weaning was below requirements; evidenced by lower nitrogen retention (p < 0.001) preventing LP mink from attaining their growth potential (p < 0.02). LP mink had a lower liver, pancreas and kidney weight (p < 0.05) as well as lower plasma IGF‐1 concentrations at 8 and 25 (p < 0.05) weeks, and a higher incidence of hepatic lipidosis at 25 weeks (p < 0.05). Furthermore, LP mink had a higher body fat (p < 0.05) and lower body CP content (p < 0.05) at 50 weeks of age. It is concluded that some effects of low protein provision in utero can be alleviated by an adequate nutrient supply post‐partum. However, long‐term exposure to low protein provision in mink reduces their growth potential and induces transient hepatic lipidosis and modified body composition.     

Effect of dosage and application mode of l‐carnitine on plasma lipid and egg‐yolk cholesterol of turkeys,hatchability of eggs and post‐hatch growth of their offsprings

The effect of dosage and application mode of l ‐carnitine on plasma lipid and egg‐yolk cholesterol of breeder turkeys, hatchability of eggs and post‐hatch growth response was investigated using 180 breeder hens. The hens were assigned to six dietary treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangements of two application modes of l ‐carnitine (diet and drinking water) supplemented at 0, 50 and 100 ppm (mg/kg or mg/l) levels, respectively. Each treatment was replicated five times with six hens per replicate. Dietary inclusion of 50 ppm l ‐carnitine showed the lowest (p < 0.01) plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low‐density lipoprotein concentration (LDL). Breeder hens offered 50 ppm l ‐carnitine with no regard to application mode recorded the highest (p < 0.01) plasma high‐density lipoprotein (HDL). Hens offered 50 and 100 ppm l ‐carnitine irrespective of application mode also showed reduced (p < 0.01) egg‐yolk TC concentration at 32 weeks of age. Dietary supplementation of 50 ppm l ‐carnitine for breeder turkeys recorded the lowest (p < 0.01) egg‐yolk triglyceride (TG) at 40 weeks of age. Hens offered 50 ppm l ‐carnitine irrespective of application mode recorded the highest (p < 0.05) hen‐day egg production. Incidence of dead‐in‐shell also reduced (p < 0.05) with increasing dosage of l ‐carnitine. Dietary supplementation of 50 ppm and oral application in drinking water of 100 ppm l ‐carnitine for breeder turkeys resulted in highest (p < 0.05) egg fertility. Offsprings from breeder hens fed diets supplemented with l ‐carnitine recorded no post‐hatch mortality. Highest (p < 0.05) post‐hatch final live weight and weight gain was obtained with poults obtained from hens fed diet supplemented with 50 ppm l ‐carnitine. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 50 ppm l ‐carnitine for turkey hens showed improved serum lipid profile, egg fertility, reduced dead‐in‐shell, egg‐yolk cholesterol and resulted in improved post‐hatch growth performance.     

低温等离子体诱变华山松种子效果研究

[目的]探讨低温等离子体对华山松种子的诱变效果,为利用等离子体诱变进行植物遗传改良提供理论依据和实践指导.[方法]用150、180、210、240、270及300W6种功率等离子体对华山松种子进行诱变处理,以不进行诱变处理作对照,测定诱变后种子的发芽率和发芽势;幼苗生长180 d后,观察幼苗苗高、地径和幼苗生长变异系数,分析等离子体对华山松幼苗生长的影响.[结果]180、210、240W低温等离子体处理的华山松种子发芽率分别达70.67％、74.67％和72.00％,与对照（57.33％）的差异显著（P＜0.05,下同）;幼苗苗高分别为8.90、8.32和8.20 cm,与对照（7.83 cm）的差异显著;幼苗地径以210W处理最粗（1.88 mm）,与对照（1.62 mm）、300W处理（1.50 mm）差异显著.270、300 W低温等离子体处理的华山松种子发芽率分别为47.33％和28.67％,分别比对照低10.00和28.66个的百分点;幼苗苗高分别为7.11和7.14 cm,明显低于对照;300W处理的幼苗地径粗低于对照,且差异显著.300 W处理幼苗苗高和地径粗的诱变系数最高,分别为28.43％和24.67％.[结论]270 W以下等离子体能促进华山松种子发芽和幼苗生长;利用300 W低温等离子体诱使华山松幼苗苗高和径粗发生变异的系数较高,便于进行华山松的良种选育.