Effect of Tillage and Plant Residue Management Practices on Shrinkage of a Vertisol

A study was carried out to determine the effects of different tillage and plant residue management practices on different soil moisture and shrink-swell properties of a Vertisol (very fine, semctitic, thermic, chromic Haploxerert (with less than 1 % slope). The core samples were collected in July (after harvesting of lentil) and in November (after planting of wheat) 1993. The two tillage methods were moldboard (T1) and chisel (T2). The two plant residue incorporation dates were in August (R1) and in October (R2). Results indicated that T2 tends to give higher water holding capacity and available moisture than T1. Immediate incorporation of plant residue (R1) tends to increase the bulk density and to decrease soil specific volume and void ratio when compared to late incorporation treatment (R2). In general, the two tillage treatments tend to decrease moisture availability, shrinkage characteristics, soil specific volume, and void ratio. They also tend to increase the soil shrinkage (subsidence and cracks volume) and bulk density. Chisel plough is recommended in Vertisols, if it is to be used before the rainfall.     

Effect of Tillage System on Soil Strength and Bulk Density of Vertisols

Improving the soil environment for seedling emergence and plant growth is possible using a good tillage system. From March 1993 until June 1994, the effect of tillage system and plant residue incorporation practices on the bulk density and the soil strength of the surface layer of a vertisol (very fine, smectitic, thermic, chromic Haploxerert), on a less than 1 % slope, was investigated. The two tillage methods were moldboard (T1) and chisel (T2). The two plant residue incorporation dates were in August (R1) and in October (R2). Results indicated that R1 gave significantly higher bulk density than R2, while the different tillage treatments had no significant effect. Soil strength was significantly lower under T1 and R2 than under the other treatments.     

牲畜排泄物综合利用路径探究——以盐城奶牛场牲畜排泄物为例

随着中国畜禽养殖规模扩大,集约化程度不断提高,同时伴随化肥工业的迅速发展,使有机粪肥大量闲置,不能及时还田,导致环境污染。本文旨在了解沼气利用现状的基础上,研究牲畜排泄物的综合利用方式,探索畜禽粪便资源化利用的技术途径,为实现养殖场的可持续发展和发展生态农业提供参考。     

高效液相色谱法检测牛乳中的磺胺类药残留量

为建立HPLC法测定牛奶中磺胺类药残留量的方法。样品经乙腈处理沉淀蛋白质后取上清液浓缩,以乙腈-水(体积比为1∶1)为流动相进行高效液相色谱分析。结果表明4种磺胺类药分离效果良好,平均回收率范围81.6%～95.8%,相对标准偏差为1.5%～4.2%,最低检出限达1.0～2.0ng/mL。可见该检测法具有灵敏、准确、精密、无杂质干扰等优点。     

除草剂残留对亚麻的影响及预防措施

长残效除草剂大面积施用及超量施用,对后茬作物亚麻造成严重危害,已成为影响我国北方亚麻主产区产业发展的重要因素。本文阐述了亚麻受药害原因及症状表现,列举了对后茬亚麻有影响的除草剂种类并提出了预防措施。     

Bacterial community structure and microbial activity in different soils amended with biogas residues and cattle slurry

Anaerobic digestion of organic materials generates residues of differing chemical composition compared to undigested animal manures, which may affect the soil microbial ecosystem differently when used as fertilizers. This study investigated the effects of two biogas residues (BR-A and BR-B) and cattle slurry (CS) applied at rates corresponding to 70 kg NH₄⁺-N ha⁻¹ on bacterial community structure and microbial activity in three soils of different texture (a sandy, a clay and an organic clay soil). 16S rRNA genes were targeted in PCR reactions and bacterial community profiles visualized using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. General microbial activity was measured as basal respiration (B-resp), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), specific growth rate (μ_SIR), metabolic quotient (qCO₂) and nitrogen mineralization capacity (NMC). Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis visualized shifts in bacterial community structure related to microbial functions. There were significant differences in bacterial community structure after 120 days of incubation (+20 °C at 70% of WHC) between non-amended (control) and amended soils, especially in the sandy soil, where CS caused a more pronounced shift than biogas residues. Terminal-restriction fragment (TRF) 307, the predominant peak in CS-amended sandy soil, was identified as possibly Bacillus or Streptococcus. TRF 226, the dominant peak in organic soil amended with BR-B, was classified as Rhodopseudomonas. B-resp significantly increased and SIR decreased in all amendments to organic soil compared with the control, potentially indicating decreased efficiency of heterotrophic microorganisms to convert organic carbon into microbial biomass. This was also reflected in an elevated qCO₂ in the organic soil. The μ_SIR level was higher in the sandy soil amended with BR-A than with BR-B or CS, indicating a shift toward species capable of rapidly utilizing glucose. NMC was significantly elevated in the clay and organic soils amended with BR-A and BR-B and in the sandy soil amended with BR-B and CS. Thus, biogas residues and cattle slurry had different effects on the bacterial community structure and microbial activity in the three soils. However, the effects of biogas residues on microbial activities were comparable in magnitude to those of cattle slurry and the bacterial community structure was less affected. Therefore, we do not see any reason not to recommend using biogas residues as fertilizers based on the results presented.     

甘蓝中灭多威农药残留分析方法

本文介绍了检测甘蓝中灭多威膛药残留的方法.在高速匀浆机中用乙腈提取后,并用安捷伦的氨基柱(500mg;6ml)进行净化,用高效液相色谱仪测定,外标法定量.检测波长239nm;色谱柱 Analytical TC-C18 4.6mm×250mm;;流动相为乙腈:水=85:15 (v/v);标准曲线相关系数1.0000.该方法简便、快速,结果准确.     

吉林地区淫羊藿理化分析和有机氯类农药残留量分析

目的：了解淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷含量及在种植过程中有机氯类农药残留量。方法：采用2005年版《中国药典》一部中方法对不同产地的6批淫羊藿药材进行理化分析，以高效液相色谱法分析淫羊藿苷含量，以气相色谱法测定有机氯类农药残留量。结果：不同产地的6批药材中总黄酮含量均在7．4％以上，淫羊藿苷含量在0．20％．-0．29％之间。结论：淫羊藿苷的含量偏低     

4种生物农药对枸杞蚜虫的室内毒力测定

在室内条件下采用浸渍法测定了4种生物农药对枸杞蚜虫的毒力,其结果显示,供试药剂对枸杞蚜虫的毒力顺序为2.5%鱼藤酮、0.5%绿农宝、Bt、歼年虫菜蛾特,其中2.5%鱼藤酮的毒力最高,LC50为3.05~3.11mg/kg,0.5%绿农宝、Bt毒力水平接近,而歼年虫菜蛾特毒力水平最低。     

植物源杀虫剂及其木醋液混合液对油松毛虫的防治效果

研究了白屈菜、大活的超声波水提物及其木醋液混合物对油松毛虫的防治效果。结果表明:白屈菜提取物加木醋液配制的杀虫剂稀释100倍,防治油松毛虫效果较好,死亡率为53.33%;大活提取物加木醋液配制的杀虫剂稀释5倍,防治油松毛虫效果最好,死亡率达到86.67%。