透皮贴剂在兽药制剂领域的研究进展(英文)

随着药剂学与其他学科理论和先进技术的发展,许多新型给药系统在兽医临床的应用有逐步增加的趋势。在众多给药系统中,透皮贴剂通过皮肤敷贴给药后在体内长时间保持稳定有效的血药浓度和治疗作用,为一些慢性疾病和局部镇痛的治疗及预防提供了一种使用简单方便和安全有效的给药方式。国内外已积极开发兽药透皮制剂,并在试验应用中取得了满意效果。文章结合目前国内外兽药透皮贴剂的研究,系统阐述了透皮贴剂的发展现状与特点、影响透皮的因素及该剂型在兽药临床中的使用评价。     

国内外兽药管理比较研究

兽药在防治动物疫病、提高养殖效益、保障公共卫生安全中发挥着重要作用。然而,随着公众对公共卫生安全、食品安全要求的逐步提高,我国兽药管理领域面临残留监控、产业监管、耐药性管控等多重挑战。本文简要发达国家兽药监管模式及法律基础,并结合我国兽药管理实际进行了比较研究,提出了进一步完善兽药管理体制的意见建议。     

福建省乳腺癌靶向药物治疗费用负担分析与对策建议

目的 探讨福建省乳腺癌靶向药物治疗的现状,分析其治疗费用负担,为重特大疾病医保政策的制定提供参考依据。方法 查阅福建省九地市医疗保险管理中心信息系统中录入的2011年1月～2015年12月21岁以上参保妇女数据库信息,提取乳腺癌患者资料及治疗费用,采用SPSS 21.0进行统计分析。结果 赫赛汀的使用量由2011年389支逐渐上升至2015年的2 398支,呈现持续增长趋势（P<0.001）;靶向治疗显著提高了医疗费用（P<0.001）,相对提高了自付的比例（P<0.001）,提高了乳腺癌患者因费用因素而中止治疗的比例（P<0.001）。结论 减轻乳腺癌等大病患者的治疗费用负担关键在于完善重特大疾病医疗保障体系,降低靶向药物治疗费用。     

温针灸联合非甾体类消炎药治疗膝骨关节炎的临床研究

目的 观察温针灸联合非甾体类消炎药治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效。方法 将80例膝骨关节炎患者随机分为西药组和药灸联合组,各40例,西药组给予口服塞来昔布,药灸联合组在口服西药基础上联合温针灸,10d 1疗程,2个疗程结束后观察疗效。在治疗前、完成治疗时、完成治疗后3月、6月、1年共5个时间点分别测骨关节炎指数（western Ontario and McMaster university osteoarthritis index,WOMAC）,以评价临床疗效。结果 药灸组治疗后WOMAC量表各项评分均较西药组显著降低（P<0.05）,直至治疗后12月WOMAC总分仍显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。在治疗后、随访3月、随访6月时药灸组治疗总有效率高于西药组 （P<0.05）。进一步年龄分层研究发现,60岁人群中药灸组与西药组的差距逐渐缩小,而<60岁人群中直至治疗后12月WOMAC总评分仍显著低于西药组（P<0.05）。结论 联合温针灸治疗膝骨性关节炎疗效确切,尤其在60岁以下人群中疗效更为显著,值得临床推广应用。     

Assessment of the tumorigenesis and drug susceptibility of three new canine mammary tumor cell lines

Three canine mammary tumor (CMT) cell lines, namely DE-E, DE-F and DE-SF, have been established from a surgically excised specimen of a malignant mammary tumor. These CMT cell lines have been cultured for over 200 passages. The cell doubling time was estimated to be approximately 30 h for all three cell lines. DE-E, DE-F and DE-SF were epithelial, fibroblast and spindle fibroblast in morphology, respectively. Under electron microscope, DE-F and DE-SF cells displayed a higher nucleus/cytoplasm ratio as compared with DE-E. Variation in chromosome number was also observed in the three cell lines. In addition to the morphological characteristics, these cell lines displayed differential patterns of several known mammary tumor cell markers. Following xenotransplantation of the CMT cells into nude mice, DE-F and DE-SF developed tumors within 2 weeks, whereas DE-E failed to develop any visible tumor up to 8 weeks after injection. Lastly, the CMT cell lines exhibited differential chemoresistance to several anti-tumor drugs, including melatonin, cyclosporine A, tamoxifen and indole, suggesting that these cell lines can be used as a comparative experimental model for the tumorigenesis of mammary carcinomas and a valuable tool for anti-cancer drug screening.     

兽药长效制剂的研究与应用进展

概述了兽药长效制剂的特点,及其近年来在国内外的研究进展和应用情况,分析了长效制剂亟待解决的问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

六种常用渔药对虹鳟受精卵孵化中水霉菌作用效果的比较

采用试管二倍稀释法测定了6种常用渔药对在实验室分离鉴定的一种水霉菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),比较了这6种抗菌渔药对水霉菌的抗菌效果.结果显示,6种渔药对水霉菌的MIC分别为:检科一号39mg.L-1,复合季胺盐156.2mg.L-1,孔雀石绿2 500mg.L-1,聚维酮碘5 000mg.L-1,甲醛10 000mg.L-1,而氯化钠在10 000mg.L-1时仍然有水霉菌生长.6种渔药在10 MIC下,抑菌圈的直径分别为:检科一号1.58cm,复合季胺盐1.46cm,孔雀石绿1.48cm,聚维酮碘1.32cm,甲醛1.23cm.由此可以得出,检科一号是一种可以暂替孔雀石绿的对水霉菌有较好抗菌效果的渔药.     

Development of a lameness model in sheep for assessing efficacy of analgesics

Objective To develop a lameness model to assess the efficacy of analgesics for alleviating pain, swelling and systemic signs of inflammation in sheep. Procedures The response to subcutaneous injection of 0.1 or 0.2 mL turpentine in a forelimb pastern (n = 4 ewes per dose) was examined at 0, 3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h. In a second experiment, responses were measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h in ewes receiving 0.1 mL turpentine ± meloxicam 1 mg/kg IV at 0 h (n = 6 per group). Responses measured included forceplate pressure, skin temperature, limb circumference, nociception, leucocyte count, neutrophil : lymphocyte ratio, haptoglobin and daily feed intake. Results Turpentine injection caused a decrease in weight borne on the treated limb, increased skin temperature, increased sensitivity at the injection site and leucocytosis by 2 h and increased limb circumference by 4 h. Weight borne and sensitivity of the injected limb returned to control levels after around 24 h, whereas tissue swelling, elevated skin temperature and elevated haptoglobin levels persisted for at least 72 h. Treatment with meloxicam improved weight borne by and tolerance to pressure exerted on the turpentine‐injected limb. Conclusions The local and systemic signs of inflammation and pain, temporary reduction in function of the affected limb and partial amelioration of some of these changes by the dose of meloxicam used here suggest that injection of turpentine in the lower forelimb provides a suitable model for examining the efficacy of analgesics for alleviation of pain and inflammation in sheep.