把不确定性引入生物学参考点F0.1和Fmax的估计以评估东海带鱼渔业资源

东海带鱼(Trichiurus haumela)是东海区重要经济鱼类之一,目前还没有研究在生物学参考点F0.1和Fmax的估计中引入不确定性并在此情况下对东海区带鱼渔业资源进行量化评估。文章应用蒙特卡罗模拟方法研究了渔业数据中不同水平的不确定性和不同初次捕捞年龄对F0.1和Fmax估计的影响,用其与现在的捕捞死亡系数Fcur做比较,初步评估了东海带鱼渔业资源。计算结果表明,高水平的不确定性将会增加在F0.1和Fmax估计中的差异,从而使其被定义为过度捕捞的可能性减小。经过比较表明,F0.1比Fmax是一更好的参考点,且东海区带鱼渔业明显处于过度捕捞状态。不同初次捕捞年龄下单位补充量渔获量的变化情况的研究表明,增大初次捕捞年龄可以减小现在的捕捞死亡率大于参考点死亡率的概率,从而增大初次捕捞年龄可以改善现在捕捞过度的资源状况。     

Methods of assessing extinction risk in marine fishes

The decline and disappearance of species from large parts of their former geographical range has become an important issue in fisheries ecology. There is a need to identify which species are at risk of extinction. The available approaches have been subject to considerable debate – particularly when applied to commercially exploited species. Here we have compiled methods that have been used or may be used for assessing threat status of marine organisms. We organize the methods according to the availability of data on the natural history, ecology and population biology of species. There are three general approaches to inferring or assessing extinction risk: (i) correlative approaches based on knowledge of life histories and ecology; (ii) time‐series approaches that examine changes in abundance; and (iii) demographic approaches based on age‐ or stage‐based schedules of vital rates and fisheries reference points. Many methods are well suited to species that are highly catchable and/or have relatively low productivity, but theory is less well developed for assessing extinction risk in species exhibiting narrow geographical distributions or ecological specialization. There is considerable variation in both definitions of extinction risk and the precision and defensibility of the available risk assessment methods, so we suggest a two‐tiered approach for defining and assessing extinction risk. First, simple methods requiring a few easily estimated parameters are used to triage or rapidly assess large numbers of populations and species to identify potentially vulnerable populations or species. Second, the populations and species identified as vulnerable by this process can then be subject to more detailed and rigorous population analysis explicitly considering sources of error and uncertainty.     

“红安苕”种薯资源评价及标准化栽培技术

对国家地理标志保护产品＂红安苕＂种薯资源进行评价,研究国家地理标志保护产品＂红安苕＂标准化栽培技术。     

Investigations of physiological and pathological levels of total plasma protein in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

This study was aimed at construction of reference (physiological) value intervals determined by lower 2.5% and upper 97.5% quantiles for total plasma protein (TPP) in farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhychus mykiss (Kamloops strain), aged 10–12 months (n=755). Total plasma protein in male trout from raceway culture was found to be significantly greater (38–58.3 g L^?1) relative to females (31–51.5 g L^?1). Total plasma protein in trout from cage culture was significantly greater (32–54 g L^?1) compared with the raceway culture (31–49 g L^?1). Moderate product–moment correlations between TPP and cholesterol (r=0.8730), TPP and total calcium (r=0.8188), TPP and alanine aminotransferase (r=0.6200) and between TPP and aspartate aminotransferase (r=0.6430) were estimated. Proteinaemia was explained as a metabolic response to feed content, infections of bacterial or viral aetiology or to intoxications.     

Haloperoxidase Mediated Quorum Quenching by Nitzschia cf pellucida: Study of the Metabolization of N-Acyl Homoserine Lactones by a Benthic Diatom

Diatoms are known to produce a variety of halogenated compounds, which were recently shown to have a role in allelopathic interactions between competing species. The production of these compounds is linked to haloperoxidase activity. This research, has shown that this system may also be involved in diatom-bacteria interactions via the H₂O₂ dependent inactivation of a type of quorum sensing (QS) molecule, i.e., N-β-ketoacylated homoserine lactones (AHLs), by a natural haloperoxidase system from the benthic diatom Nitzschia cf pellucida. The AHL degradation pathway towards corresponding halogenated derivatives was elucidated via HPLC-MS analysis and the synthesis of a broad series of novel halogenated AHL analogues as reference compounds. Furthermore, their biological activity as quorum sensing modulators was directly compared and evaluated against a series of naturally occurring β-keto-AHLs. It has been demonstrated that the loss of the QS activity results from the final cleavage of the halogenated N-acyl chain of the signal molecules.     

工业化进程中美国高等教育资源配置对河南教育发展的启示

在工业化进程中,通过政府立法、政府与企业的充足经费支持、市场为主的教育资源调配方式,美国高等教育实现了不同类型高校间、不同区域内、同一区域内教育资源的合理配置。河南省可采取加大对教育的立法与指导、坚持多渠道融资、采用政府调控为主,市场化为辅的教育资源配置及构建信息化资源共享平台等手段实现教育资源优化配置。     

论南通海洋文化产业发展历程及其历史借鉴

南通因天然独特的地理条件,海洋文化发展历史悠久,内涵丰富,与之相比,海洋文化产业的发展则起步较晚。南通海洋文化产业的发展历程,大致可以分为发端、改革和快速发展3个阶段。目前,南通市沿海地区已基本形成了海洋旅游文化产业、海洋节庆会展业、海洋文艺产业等共同发展的新格局,并成为引领南通海洋经济发展的重要增长点。这得益于政府对历史遗存的保护、对新海洋产业资源的开发以及海洋产业基础配套设施的建设。与此同时,南通在海洋文化产业格局等方面还有待调整。     

对我国设立国家公园的思考和建议

国家公园已经发展了140余年,目前在IUCN推行的"保护地"事业中扮演重要的角色,对全球的自然和文化遗产保护发挥着关键作用。我国虽然在"国家级公园"和自然保护区等方面的建设已取得了巨大成就,但还尚未形成完整的国家公园体系。基于我国"国家级公园"面临的现实问题,提出了建立包括国家公园在内的自然和文化遗产保护新体系、设立国家公园管理机构、整理现有"国家级公园"等建议。     

刺槐实时定量PCR分析中内参基因的选择

The real-time PCR is an important method for analyzing gene expression levels. Selection of reference genes suitable for calibration of the expression of objective gene according to specific experiment...     

政治理论视野下的廉洁政府研究

廉洁政府的一般本质是：政府权力主体不滥用公共权力侵害公利以谋取私利的一种社会关系。它有四个基本要素：政府权力主体、不滥用公共权力、维护与实现公利、社会关系。现代政治学理论中与廉政建设有关的政治学理论主要是善治理论和廉政体系理论。国家廉政体系由三部分构成：目标系统、制度系统和价值系统等。明确廉洁政府的构成要素在廉洁政府构建中作用主要表现在：明确廉洁政府建设的方向、步骤和重点。