Use of the Single Seed Descent Method in Breeding Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

The single seed descent (SSD) method of selection has been evaluated in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). The initial population of this study was a BC₂F₁ from a cross between a well adapted and a high oil cultivar. Transgressive segregation for yield and oil content producing lines with considerably higher values than the better parent was observed in BC₂F₄ and BC₂F₅ generations. These results and the great saving of time and effort makes the SSD method a very desirable tool for safflower breeders.     

Selection in segregating generations of autogamous species. I. Selection response for combined selection

Summary The response to selection is determined by the genetic and nongenetic variance, the selection intensity, and the size of the experiments. If, in pure line breeding, selection starts in segregating generations, the gain depends on the relation of additive to epistatic variance. The gain can be increased if an index is constructed using the information from relatives. From animal breeding this kind of selection is known as combined selection. In this paper the optimal number of families and subfamilies is determined that will maximise the selection response by combined selection for a fixed total size of experiments. The composition of the genetic variance has a imited influence on the optimal size of the progenies. If epistatic variance is important, then the number of F₂ families has to be reduced and the number of F₃ families and F₄ families must be increased. The same is true if the nongenetic variance is increased.     

肥料用量及施用方法对烤烟漂浮育苗烟苗素质的影响

采用小拱棚vaulted shed进行烤烟virginal tobacco漂浮育苗试验，以烤烟育苗肥(N 14.76%P2O57.33%、K2O 18.66%)用量及施用方法为参试因子，从出苗率emergence rate和成活率，烟苗的主要农艺性状、干物质积累量accumulation、各部位营养元素含量等方面进行探讨研究，结果表明，烤烟漂浮育苗施肥量以0.9kg/池(以可放入34个长66cm、宽34cm、高5cm的育苗盘的育苗池计)、并采用出苗期施60%和大十字期施40%的两次施肥方法的处理，其烟苗N、P、K、Ca的吸收量absorption amount，根部最高，茎部较高，而叶部适中，相应培育出的烟苗，其茎高、茎直径、根部干重、茎部干重及根冠比最大，因此烟苗的综合素质最好。     

水旱交叉选育抗旱高产小麦新品种的研究

在抗旱高产小麦新品种选育中，采用渐近杂交法使目标性状得到有效的组合，采用水、旱地交叉选育法，为杂种后代基因型的潜在遗传特性的充分表达和选择提供了条件，使自然选择、人工选择和定向培育三者紧密地结合在一起，加大了选择压力和频率，提高了选种质量和效率，提高了选种质量和效率，为选育抗旱、高产、稳产小麦品种提供了一种新方法。     

Residual nitrogen effect of clover-ryegrass swards on yield and N uptake of a subsequent winter wheat crop as studied by use of N methodology and mathematical modelling

The residual effect of 2-year-old swards of clover-ryegrass mixture and ryegrass in monoculture on yield and N uptake in a subsequent winter wheat crop was investigated by use of the ¹⁵N dilution method and by mathematical modelling. The amount of N in the wheat crop, derived from clover-ryegrass residues was 25–43% greater than that derived from residues of ryegrass which had been growing in monoculture. Expressed in absolute values, the N uptake in the subsequent winter wheat crop was 23–28 kg N ha ⁻¹ greater after clover-ryegrass mixture than after ryegrass in monoculture. Up to about 54 kg N ha⁻¹ of the N mineralised from the clover-ryegrass crop was calculated to be leached, whereas only 11 kg N ha⁻¹ was leached following ryegrass in monoculture.     

AN IMPROVED TRANSFER SUBSTRUCTURE METHOD

The transfer substructure method is extended to application in substructures with different linking ways,thus the field of application of this method is expanded. Its relaibility and efficacy are proved by some examples.     

Indirect Regulation Pricing Methods of Public Utility

The author analyses the advantages and disadvantages of common indirect regulation pricing methods of public utility goods. It is pointed out that it results in high trade-cost and A-J effect binging in an excess of investment when capital yield method be used. It is not reasonable enough in setting PRI-X of PRI-X pricing method. An integrated indirect regulation pricing method is put forward which is to form a two-tier incentive mechanics both in expanding producing ability and improving efficiency. In initial stages of new public project, capital yield method should be used in order to activate investment motive. Upper-limit pricing method should be used in anaphase in order to improve the producing efficiency.     

Mode-Superposition Method for Passive Energy Dissipation Structures

The methods of equivalent linearization of different energy dissipation devices are different in analyzing passive energy dissipation structure including different type of energy dissipation device by using of mode-superposition response spectrum method based on equivalent linearization, which results in the differences in computing accuracy and cost in dynamic analysis. For structures separately installed different energy dissipation devices, authors utilize relatively uncoupled mode-superposition method and complex mode-superposition method for contrast analysis, and probe into the suitability of the two methods in the dynamic analysis of passive energy dissipation structure. Numerical results show that complex mode-superposition method could be better for structure with viscous dampers in order to guarantee accuracy, and relatively uncoupled mode-superposition method is recommended for structure with viscoelastic, metallic or frictional ones.     

Color Image Compression Method Based on Incomplete Scanning Method

In view of color image characteristic, the paper improves the zero algorithm in the application of concrete algorithm, draws a new algorithm-incomplete scanning method, which is applied to color image compression. The authorsconvert color image from the RGB space into luminance-chrominance YUV space, then compress the converted image to encode/decode. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiment indicate that the compression ratio and encoding/decoding speed are increased, at the sase time the quality of restored image is guaranteed.     

响应面法优化残次枣中不溶性膳食纤维提取工艺

以残次哈密大枣为原料,采用酶重量法提取不溶性膳食纤维,在单因素试验的基础上,根据Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计原理,以不溶性膳食纤维得率为响应值,设计三因素三水平响应面分析试验,优化残次枣中不溶性膳食纤维的提取工艺参数,同时建立并分析各个因素与对应变量的数学模型。结果表明,提取残次枣不溶性膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件为:α-淀粉酶添加量0.5%,中性蛋白酶添加量0.6%,液料比27∶1,酶解温度50℃,酶解40 min。在此条件下,残次枣中不溶性膳食纤维得率可达13.04%。