山楂黄酮提取物降血脂研究

[目的]研究山楂黄酮提取物的降血脂作用,为其相关产品开发应用提供依据。[方法]采用渗漉法提取山楂黄酮,对SD大鼠进行试验,待大鼠形成高脂模型后,采用低、中、高剂量灌胃山楂黄酮提取物,30 d后测定大鼠血脂中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白的变化。[结果]山楂黄酮提取物使各剂量组大鼠血脂中的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白含量明显降低,对甘油三脂、高密度脂蛋白有调节作用。[结论]山楂黄酮提取物具有显著的降血脂功效。     

Effect of size reduction by freeze-milling on processing properties of beta-glucan oat bran

An effect of freeze-milling on processing properties of beta-glucan oat bran has been evaluated. A comparison with existing, patented methods of high molecular weight oat beta-glucan has been carried out. The new method employs raw material pre-treatment with freezing and milling in a hammer mill, resulting in significant reduction of particle size – 89% was between 80 and 50 μm in comparison with initial material when 79% were between 250 and 200 μm. Reduction of particle size also improved some process parameters of extraction technology – 30% improvement in fat removal during first stage of beta-glucan recovery was observed. The achieved pilot plant yield of product containing beta-glucan extraction was 64,03%, purity (ie. beta-glucan content), of achieved product was 84,4% and average molecular weight was about 69,500 g/mol.     

冷应激对新疆阿勒泰羊脂蛋白脂酶mRNA表达的影响

为研究冷应激对阿勒泰羊脂蛋白脂酶(lipoprotein lipase,LPL)mRNA表达的影响,试验分别采集冷应激前与冷应激后阿勒泰羊6个部位的组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测各组织中LPL mRNA的表达水平,分析其在不同部位中表达的变化.结果显示,阿勒泰羊LPL mRNA表达量在冷应激后显著或极显著升高(P<0.05;P<0.01),其中颈部肌间脂肪和尾部脂肪冷应激后表达量最高.表明阿勒泰羊在低温下脂肪组织的动员能力较强,使机体产热增加,以抵抗冷应激.     

Serum lipid and lipoprotein parameters of Turkman horses

BACKGROUND: Lipid transport systems in animals have been evaluated both as experimental models for lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in humans and to gain insight into the lipid metabolism of specific breeds. The Turkman horse is a pure-blooded horse that lives on the margins of the Caspian Basin; information about serum lipids and lipoproteins in this breed is lacking. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in clinically healthy Turkman horses. METHODS: Concentrations of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and lipoprotein electrophoretic patterns were determined in serum samples from 48 Turkman horses of both sexes and 0-12 years of age. Results were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA. RESULTS: In both sexes and all age groups, the relative percentages of LDL-C (44.2-64.3%) were higher than those of HDL-C (29.7-47.1%) and VLDL-C (5.9-9.0%). Serum concentrations of TG and TC were significantly higher in male (0.45 +/- 0.12 mmol/L; 2.70 +/- 0.45 mmol/L) than in female (0.34 +/- 0.1 mmol/L; 2.15 +/- 0.3 mmol/L) horses in most age groups. The relative percentages of alpha- and beta-lipoproteins in electrophoretic tracings were 62.77 +/- 5.05% and 36.67 +/- 4.29%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Serum lipid and lipoprotein values in Turkman horses differ from those of other equine breeds, and may be useful for evaluating metabolic diseases in this species.     

壳聚糖对黑白花奶犊牛脂肪代谢的影响

试验选用10日龄奶犊牛20头, 随机分到 4个日粮处理组,进行为期30 d 的饲养试验.在基础日粮中分别加入 0、200、400、600 mg/d的壳聚糖.结果表明:600 mg/d壳聚糖组相比对照组明显降低了血清中 TC含量 (P＜0.05);在试验第20和30天,600 mg/d壳聚糖组相比对照组降低了血清中高密度脂蛋白的含量(P＜0.05).     

高分辨率熔解曲线分析法检测牦牛脂蛋白脂酶外显子7的多态性及与生长性状相关性分析

脂蛋白脂酶(lipoprotein lipase,LPL)是一个分子质量为54 kb的糖蛋白,其活性受营养因素、激素水平等调节,因牦牛生存环境的特殊性,试验拟从分子水平研究天峻县牦牛脂蛋白脂酶外显子7(LPL-Exon7)基因的多态性,并与生长发育性状进行关联分析,从而为牦牛营养调控、品种资源保护和遗传育种提供科学理论依据。试验采集青海省海西州天峻县牦牛抗凝血106份,提取血样DNA,并利用PCR技术和高分辨率熔解曲线分析法对候选基因LPL-Exon7进行多态性分析,并于采血的同时对牦牛体重、体斜长、体高、胸围和管围等生长性状指标进行了相关性和遗传效应分析。结果表明,高原牦牛LPL-Exon7基因在高原牦牛和野血牦牛中都表现为多态,存在3种基因型,即AA、AB和BB,由1对等位基因A和B控制,A等位基因均为优势等位基因。经χ²检验,符合哈迪—温伯格(Hardy-Weinberg)定律,处于平衡状态(P>0.05)。该位点在高原牦牛和野血牦牛群体中公、母牦牛的多态信息含量为0.3588和0.2103、0.3219和0.3343,高原牦牛母牛的多态信息含量PIC<0.25,处于低度多态,高原牦牛公牛和野血牦牛公、母牛的多态信息含量均在0.250.05)。因此,初步推断牦牛LPL-Exon7可以作为牦牛标记辅助选择的遗传标记之一。     

苜蓿皂苷对大鼠肝脏及肝脏细胞低密度脂蛋白受体、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在研究苜蓿皂苷对大鼠肝脏及大鼠肝脏细胞(BRL细胞)胆固醇清除和转运途径中关键基因低密度脂蛋白受体(LDLR)、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体G5(ABCG5)、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体G8(ABCG8)mRNA表达量的影响,从个体和细胞水平初步探讨苜蓿皂苷调控胆固醇清除和转运的分子机制。采用高脂饲粮建立大鼠高脂模型,测定苜蓿皂苷对正常、高脂大鼠血清指标[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量]和肝脏LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量的影响;采用高糖DMEM培养液建立BRL细胞脂变模型,测定苜蓿皂苷浓度对BRL细胞活性的影响,测定苜蓿皂苷对正常、脂变细胞LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量的影响。结果表明:1)苜蓿皂苷显著降低高脂大鼠血清中TG、TC和LDL-C的含量(P0.05);2)苜蓿皂苷显著上调正常大鼠肝脏LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8及高脂大鼠ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量(P0.05);3)添加200、250μg/m L苜蓿皂苷显著提高了BRL细胞的活性(P0.05);4)苜蓿皂苷显著上调正常BRL细胞LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量(P0.05),而对脂变BRL细胞各基因mRNA表达量无显著影响(P0.05)。结果提示,苜蓿皂苷可通过调控LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA的表达来增加肝细胞内胆固醇的清除和转运,从而降低机体胆固醇的含量。     

Anti-diabetic effects of emodin involved in the activation of PPARγ on high-fat diet-fed and low dose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Rheum palmatum Linn has been widely applied in the clinical treatment of diabetes mellitus. It has been found that emodin as the major bioactive component of R. palmatum L exhibits the competency to activate peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in vitro. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of emodin through the activation of PPARγ on high-fat diet-fed and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The diabetic mice were intraperitoneally injected with emodin for three weeks. No changes of food consumption and the body weight in emodin-treated mice were monitored daily during the entire experiment. At the end of experiment, the levels of blood glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum were significantly decreased after emodin treatment. However, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) concentration was significantly elevated. The glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in emodin-treated group were significantly improved. Furthermore, the results of quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that emodin significantly elevated the mRNA expression level of PPARγ and regulated the mRNA expressions of LPL, FAT/CD36, resistin and FABPs (ap2) in liver and adipocyte tissues. No effects on the mRNA expressions of PPARα and PPARα-target genes were observed. Taken together, the results suggested that the activation of PPARγ and the modulation of metabolism-related genes were likely involved in the anti-diabetic effects of emodin.     

广西三黄鸡脂蛋白脂酶基因的克隆及蛋白构象分析

【目的】对广西三黄鸡和爱拔益加（AA）鸡的脂蛋白脂酶基因（LPL）进行克隆与蛋白质结构分析,为后期开展LPL基因表达与鸡肌内脂肪含量相关性研究及筛选出与优质肉质相关的分子遗传标记奠定基础。【方法】根据GenBank已公布的鸡“也基因序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR扩增广西三黄鸡和AA鸡的LPL基因cDNA序列,经双酶切鉴定和序列测定比对分析后,应用生物软件进行蛋白质二级结构预测分析。【结果】成功获得广西三黄鸡和AA鸡的LPL基因编码区序列（CDs）,大小均为1473bp,两者的同源性为99．4％;将广西三黄鸡LPL基因序列提交至GenBank获得序列号JX090309。相对于AA鸡,广西三黄鸡LPL基因CDs存在9个位点的碱基突变,其中碱基^503T→C导致氨基酸^168Val→Ala,^606T→G导致^202Asp→Glu,^1066A→G导致^366Thr→Ala,^1277C→T导致^426Ser→Phe,^1420A→G导致^474Arp→Gly,^1432G→A导致^202Glu→Lys,这6个位点为错义突变;第166、372和1305位点的碱基突变为同义突变。蛋白质二级结构预测结果表明,广西三黄鸡与AA鸡LPL的C端结构域存在空间构象差异。【结论】LPL基因突变引起的氨基酸组成变化及蛋白质二级构象改变,可能影响鸡肌内脂肪沉积,进而决定肉质的优劣,即LPL基因可作为研究广西三黄鸡肌内脂肪代谢的主要候选基因。