复方盐酸小檗碱可溶性粉剂对雏鸡大肠杆菌病的临床疗效

为了探讨复方盐酸小檗碱对雏鸡大肠杆菌病的临床疗效,本试验选用240只2周龄海兰褐商品代公鸡,随机分为6组,每组40只,第1组为健康对照组;.第2组为感染对照组;第3~5组分别为复方盐酸小檗碱高、中、低剂量组;第6组为诺氟沙星对照组。试验结果表明:复方盐酸小檗碱可溶性粉剂对雏鸡大肠杆菌感染治疗效果明显,治愈率为75.0%~92.5%,推荐剂量为1.5g/kg。     

HPLC法测定盐酸小檗碱预混剂的含量

采用HPLC法测定盐酸小檗碱预混剂中盐酸小檗碱含量。色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAXSB-C18柱(3.9mm×150mm,4μm),流动相为0.02mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(用磷酸调pH为2.5)-乙腈(70∶30,V/V),检测波长346nm,流速1.0mL/min,柱温为30℃,保留时间约6.2min。盐酸小檗碱浓度在5~80μg/mL范围内,峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系(r2=0.9999)。平均回收率99.5%,RSD为0.4%。该方法适用于检测盐酸小檗碱预混剂。     

动物左旋咪唑中毒与解救

左旋咪唑是效果很好的驱除动物寄生虫的药物,但使用不当极易造成中毒。本文介绍了不同动物发生左旋咪唑中毒后的临床症状以及解救方法,旨在为临床应用提供参考。     

半胱胺对中华鳖生长性能和非特异性免疫功能的影响研究

试验研究了半胱胺对中华鳖生长性能和非特异性免疫功能的影响,并对其机理进行了初步探讨。选取750只健康、活泼的中华鳖,平均体重(220±10)g,分成5个组,每个组设3个重复,每个重复50只。对照组基础日粮中不添加半胱胺,其余各组为试验组,半胱胺添加方式及添加量如下:试验Ⅰ组断续添加(每6天添加一次,6000mg/kg);试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组分别每天连续添加500、1000和1500mg/kg。试验期90d。试验结果表明:半胱胺能够提高中华鳖成活率、增重率、摄食率和饲料效率,且连续添加效果好于断续添加,当半胱胺含量达到1000mg/kg时,中华鳖增重率、摄食率和饲料效率达到最高(P<0.05);半胱胺使中华鳖血清胃泌素水平升高,血清生长抑素水平降低;1000mg/kg半胱胺可以显著提高中华鳖肌肉RNA/DNA比率(P<0.05);半胱胺还可以增强中华鳖血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性,但不同添加方式及剂量之间无显著性差异,血清溶菌酶含量在500mg/kg半胱胺添加组最高(P<0.05)。由本试验结果可以看出,半胱胺对中华鳖具有促进生长、增强免疫的作用,是一种良好的生物添加剂,且其适宜添加量为每天连续添加1000mg/kg。     

甲霜灵·刺复配剂对棉疫病菌的联合毒力

在实验室条件下，测定了甲霜灵和霜霉威复配剂对棉疫病菌（Phytophthora boehmeriae）的联合毒力。结果表明，复配剂MPA、MPB、MPC对棉疫病菌的DC5。分别为0．0555,0．1044μg／mL和0．0845μg／mL，对照单剂甲霜灵和霜霉威对棉疫病菌的EC50分别为0．0391μg／mL和10．6183μg／mL；联合毒力分析表明，甲霜灵和霜霉威按1：1．5复配有增效作用，按1：1和1．5：1复配有相减作用。     

盐酸环丙沙星在患子宫内膜炎奶牛子宫内给药的药物浓度

本研究以反相高效液相色谱为定量分析手段，选用5头患子宫内膜炎的奶牛，通过子宫内灌注盐酸环丙沙星（2.5 g/头），研究了盐酸环丙沙星在患子宫内膜炎奶牛体内的药物动力学规律。以二氟沙星为内标，血浆样品经甲醇沉淀蛋白，离心，经针头式过滤器处理，用反相高效液相法测定其中盐酸环丙沙星的浓度。 色谱条件为：ODS-1C₁₈柱；测定流动相为0.015 mol/L四丁基溴化铵溶液-乙腈（92∶8，V/V），pH为3.0；流速为1.0 ml/min；荧光检测器，激发波长（λex）278 nm，发射波长（λem）465 nm。通过采用MCPKP房室分析程序，分析血中浓度 时间数据，发现有3头奶牛血样药时数据符合无吸收三室开放模型。其血样中主要药动学参数为：T_1/2α为0.916 h、T_1/2β为49.20 h、AUC高达7.6296 mg/L·h、Clβ为1.582 L/kg·h，β为0.642 h^-1。有2头奶牛血样药时数据符合一级吸收二室开放模型。其主要药动学参数为：T_1/2α为1.26 h、T_1/2β为9.2 h、AUC高达28.336 mg/L·h，β为0.3571 h^-1。试验结果表明，盐酸环丙沙星子宫给药吸收快，分布广，消除慢。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪毛中盐酸可乐定和盐酸赛庚啶

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪毛中盐酸可乐定和盐酸赛庚啶的方法。猪毛样品用0.1 mol/L NaOH溶解后,用0.1 mol/L HCl溶液调节pH值至7.0,经乙腈提取后用UPLCMS/MS进行分析。分析时采用Waters BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),以0.10%甲酸水/甲醇作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正电子(ESI~+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法进行定量。结果表明:盐酸可乐定和盐酸赛庚啶标准溶液在1.0~50μg/L范围内,峰面积与含量呈线性相关。盐酸可乐定和盐酸赛庚啶的检出限均为0.20μg/kg,样品中添标平均回收率在85%~110%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10%。     

Dietary levamisole modulates the immune response and disease resistance of Asian catfish Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus)

In order to determine the immunomodulatory effect of dietary levamisole in Asian catfish (Clarias batrachus), fish were fed four different diets for 10 days: a formulated diet as control and the same diet supplemented with 50, 150 or 450 mg levamisole kg^?1 feed. The serum bacterial agglutination titre against Aeromonas hydrophila as a measure of specific immunity, serum haemagglutination titre, natural haemolytic complement activity (ACH₅₀), myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activities, total protein level and oxidative radical production by neutrophils as a measure of non‐specific immunity as well as disease resistance against A. hydrophila challenge to separate vaccinated and non‐vaccinated groups were evaluated at 0, 1, 2 and 3 weeks after last administration of levamisole. Levamisole supplement at the lowest level (50 mg kg^?1) significantly enhanced oxidative radical production and serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) content immediately after 10 days of feeding, which reached peak values after 3 and 2 weeks of feeding respectively. Haemolytic complement and haemagglutination titre were significantly enhanced after 3 and 1 weeks respectively. Haemolytic complement activity and MPO activities were significantly raised to 150 mg kg^?1 after 3 and 2 weeks, respectively. At the highest level of levamisole feeding (450 mg kg^?1) significant decreases in superoxide production and complement activity were measured immediately after levamisole feeding, which returned to the normal level after 1 week post‐ feeding. Fish were challenged with a virulent strain of A. hydrophila at 0, 1, 2 and 3 weeks after levamisole feeding, and the cumulative per cent survival was recorded over 10 days. Feeding levamisole at 50, 150 or 450 mg kg^?1 increased per cent survival in vaccinated fish immediately after levamisole feeding, and survival was significantly higher at 450 mg kg^?1. There was no difference in mortality patterns in non‐vaccinated fish. The results support the use of levamisole at 50 mg kg^?1 feed for 10 days as an immunostimulant in Asian catfish farming.     

盐酸沙拉沙星(sarafloxacin)在鸡体内的药动学和生物利用度

2组健康艾维因肉鸡各 8只 ,体重 (1.6 6± 0 .11) kg,研究了对其单剂量 (10 mg/kg,以沙拉沙星碱计 )静注和口服盐酸沙拉沙星后的药动学及其生物利用度 ,用高效液相色谱法测定血清中沙拉沙星的浓度。结果表明 :静注盐酸沙拉沙星溶液后 ,血清药物浓度经时过程符合无吸收因素二室模型 ,其消除半衰期 (t1 / 2β)、总体清除率 (CLB)、表观分布容积 (Vd)和药时曲线下面积 (AU C)分别为 (2 .6 78± 0 .5 0 6 ) h、(1.339± 0 .35 1) L/kg· h、(5 .15 9± 1.5 5 4) L/kg和(7.85 3± 1.731) mg/L· h;口服盐酸沙拉沙星片后 ,药时数据呈有吸收因素一室模型 ,其吸收和消除半衰期 (t1 / 2 ka,t1 / 2 ke)、血清峰浓度 (Cmax)、达峰时间 (Tmax)和药时曲线下面积 (AUC)分别为 (0 .2 87± 0 .117) h、(5 .381± 1.44 6 ) h、(0 .478± 0 .196 ) mg/L、(1.2 2 9± 0 .439) h和 (4 .0 6 0± 1.178) m g/L· h,生物利用度为 (5 1.70± 15 .0 0 ) %。     

Naphthalophos combinations with benzimidazoles or levamisole as effective anthelmintics for sheep

Objective: To investigate the relative efficacy and safety of the anthelmintic naphthalophos in sheep, either given alone or in combination with benzimidazole (fenbendazole and albendazole) or levamisole anthelmintics.
Design: A parasitological study using faecal egg count reduction tests, a validating slaughter trial and field safety trials.
Procedure: Faecal egg count reduction tests were carried out on 13 farms. Naphthalophos and combinations of naphthalophos with levamisole and fenbendazole were included in the drench tests. On one property a controlled efficacy study was carried out to validate faecal egg count reduction test findings. In this trial, sheep were slaughtered 10 days after treatment and the remaining parasites recovered from the gastro-intestinal tract. Safety trials were carried out on eight farms where approximately 50 000 sheep were treated with naphthalophos and albendazole that were tank mixed in the backpack.
Results: The efficacy of naphthalophos alone in faecal egg count reduction tests ranged from 59 to 98% with one test showing 95% reduction. The efficacy of naphthalophos and levamisole ranged from 74 to 100%, with 5 farms showing 95% reduction. The efficacy of naphthalophos and fenbendazole ranged between 88 and 100% with 95% reduction achieved on 10 farms. The controlled efficacy study showed a good correlation between the faecal egg count reduction tests and numbers of parasites recovered, except for Nematodirus where the faecal egg count reduction tests overestimated efficacy. The mortality rate in the safety trials was 0.05%, with most fatalities occurring on one farm.
Conclusion: The combination of naphthalophos and fenbendazole was more effective than a combination of naphthalophos and levamisole, and will provide a sufficiently safe drench rotation option.